With the recent domestic adoption of novel formulations such as high-dose anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and gene therapy drugs, sterile intraocular inflammation (SIOI) following intravitreal injection has gradually come into public awareness and garnered widespread attention. Concurrently, multiple ophthalmic medications with established clinical histories—including prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., vancomycin) and corticosteroids (e.g., triamcinolone acetonide)—have also been reported to induce SIOI. To enhance Chinese ophthalmologists’ understanding of SIOI and standardize its diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, the Fundus Disease Group of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Fundus Disease Professional Committee of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, adhering to evidence-based medicine principles and integrating international guidelines and consensus documents with China’s socio-economic context, have spearheaded the development of the Expert consensus on clinical diagnosis and treatment of sterile intraocular inflammation secondary to intraocular drug delivery (2025) through rigorous consensus-building processes. This consensus systematically presents diagnosis and treatment recommendations with Chinese characteristics, addressing seven key clinical issues such as the epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, identification of high-risk factors, perioperative management, and prognosis evaluation of SIOI. It focuses on constructing a hierarchical intervention system based on the severity of the disease. An in-depth understanding of the core content of this consensus can, on the one hand, help avoid diagnostic and therapeutic deviations caused by insufficient understanding, and on the other hand, assist in establishing a standardized SIOI management process, thereby effectively reducing the risk of visual impairment and optimizing the visual prognosis of patients. The introduction of this consensus marks the further improvement of the quality management system for intraocular injection therapy in our country and holds significant guiding importance for enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic level of retinal diseases.

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