Research progress of rehabilitation therapy of shoulder arthroplasty_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

WANG Liqiong ^1,2 ,  HE Chengqi ^1,2

1. Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HE Chengqi, Email: hxkfhcq2015@126.com

Keywords：

Shoulder arthroplasty; anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty; reverse total shoulder arthroplasty; physical therapy; telerehabilitation; home rehabilitation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202410256

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

In recent years, the development of artificial shoulder arthroplasty has been rapid, but postoperative patients often have problems such as joint swelling, pain, activity limitation, muscle strength decline and various complications, which need to be accompanied by standardized and correct rehabilitation treatment. In this paper, we review the postoperative rehabilitation treatment program of artificial shoulder arthroplasty, the selection of the timing of rehabilitation treatment, the continuity treatment of rehabilitation and the rehabilitation strategies to improve the clinical efficacy in the postoperative period, with a view to providing reference and basis for the development of a reasonable rehabilitation program for postoperative patients.

Citation： WANG Liqiong, HE Chengqi. Research progress of rehabilitation therapy of shoulder arthroplasty. West China Medical Journal, 2025, 40(6): 984-989. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202410256 Copy

1.	Brown FM Jr. Nursing care after a shoulder arthroplasty. Orthop Nurs, 2008, 27(1): 3-9; quiz 10-11.
2.	Day JS, Lau E, Ong KL, et al. Prevalence and projections of total shoulder and elbow arthroplasty in the United States to 2015. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2010, 19(8): 1115-1120.
3.	Atchabahian A, Schwartz G, Hall CB, et al. Regional analgesia for improvement of long-term functional outcome after elective large joint replacement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, 2015(8): CD010278.
4.	Westermann RW, Pugely AJ, Martin CT, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in the United States: a comparison of national volume, patient demographics, complications, and surgical indications. Iowa Orthop J, 2015, 35: 1-7.
5.	Littlewood C, Morgan M, Pitt L, et al. Rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty in the United Kingdom National Health Service: a survey of publicly facing information. Musculoskeletal Care, 2020, 18(3): 359-364.
6.	Bullock GS, Garrigues GE, Ledbetter L, et al. A systematic review of proposed rehabilitation guidelines following anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2019, 49(5): 337-346.
7.	Brindisino F, Lorusso M, Usai M, et al. Rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty: a survey of current clinical practice patterns of Italian physiotherapists. Arch Physiother, 2023, 13(1): 12.
8.	Pereira VC, Barreto J, Tomé S, et al. Clinical and functional results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and postoperative rehabilitation protocol. Cureus, 2022, 14(3): e23322.
9.	Wright E, Tang Q, Ibrahim E. Scapular spine stress fracture following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: successful management with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. Cureus, 2020, 12(10): e10978.
10.	Lee JH, Chun YM, Kim DS, et al. Effects of neuromuscular electrical muscle stimulation on the deltoid for shoulder function restoration after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in the early recovery period: a prospective randomized study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2023, 143(6): 3037-3046.
11.	Noyes MP, Denard PJ. Continuous cryotherapy vs ice following total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized control trial. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ), 2018, 47(6).
12.	Boudreau S, Boudreau ED, Higgins LD, et al. Rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2007, 37(12): 734-743.
13.	Philippossian R, Luthi F, Farron A, et al. Update on the rehabilitation following anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Rev Med Suisse, 2019, 15(657): 1340-1349.
14.	Gaunt BW, Shaffer MA, Sauers EL, et al. The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists’ consensus rehabilitation guideline for arthroscopic anterior capsulolabral repair of the shoulder. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2010, 40(3): 155-168.
15.	Baumgarten KM, Osborn R, Schweinle WE 3rd, et al. The position of sling immobilization influences the outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized, single-blind, prospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2018, 27(12): 2120-2128.
16.	Tirefort J, Schwitzguebel AJ, Collin P, et al. Postoperative mobilization after superior rotator cuff repair: sling versus no sling: a randomized prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2019, 101(6): 494-503.
17.	Romano AM, Oliva F, Nastrucci G, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty patient personalized rehabilitation protocol. Preliminary results according to prognostic groups. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J, 2017, 7(2): 263-270.
18.	Schick S, Dombrowsky A, Egbaria J, et al. Variability in physical therapy protocols following total shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Shoulder Elb, 2023, 26(3): 267-275.
19.	Blacknall J, Neumann L. Rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder replacement. Shoulder Elbow, 2011, 3(4): 232-240.
20.	Thigpen CA, Shaffer MA, Gaunt BW, et al. The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists’ consensus statement on rehabilitation following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2016, 25(4): 521-535.
21.	Kennedy JS, Garrigues GE, Pozzi F, et al. The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists’ consensus statement on rehabilitation for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2020, 29(10): 2149-2162.
22.	Lu Z, Nazari G, Almeida PH, et al. The clinical outcome of physiotherapy after reversed shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil, 2022, 44(23): 6997-7008.
23.	Moffatt M, Whelan G, Gill P, et al. Effectiveness of early versus delayed rehabilitation following total shoulder replacement: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil, 2022, 36(2): 190-203.
24.	Hagen MS, Allahabadi S, Zhang AL, et al. A randomized single-blinded trial of early rehabilitation versus immobilization after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2020, 29(3): 442-450.
25.	Mulieri PJ, Holcomb JO, Dunning P, et al. Is a formal physical therapy program necessary after total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis?. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2010, 19(4): 570-579.
26.	Edwards PK, Ebert JR, Joss B, et al. A randomised trial comparing two rehabilitation approaches following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder Elbow, 2021, 13(5): 557-572.
27.	Eichinger JK, Galvin JW. Management of complications after total shoulder arthroplasty. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2015, 8(1): 83-91.
28.	Denard PJ, Lädermann A. Immediate versus delayed passive range of motion following total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2016, 25(12): 1918-1924.
29.	Lee J, Consigliere P, Fawzy E, et al. Accelerated rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(9): e545-e557.
30.	Jacobs CA, Morris BJ, Sciascia AD, et al. Comparison of satisfied and dissatisfied patients 2 to 5 years after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2016, 25(7): 1128-1132.
31.	Stith E, Borrero L, Santurri L, et al. Patient perceptions of acute phases of rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty. Open J Occup Ther, 2020, 8: 1-13.
32.	Böhm E, Scheibel M, Lädermann A. Subscapularis insufficiency: what’s all the fuss about?. J Shoulder Elbow Arthropl, 2018, 2: 247154921879237.
33.	Friedman RJ, Flurin PH, Wright TW, et al. Comparison of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes with and without subscapularis repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2017, 26(4): 662-668.
34.	Berliner JL, Regalado-Magdos A, Ma CB, et al. Biomechanics of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015, 24(1): 150-160.
35.	Agostini M, Moja L, Banzi R, et al. Telerehabilitation and recovery of motor function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare, 2015, 21(4): 202-213.
36.	Kohan EM, Chalmers PN, Salazar D, et al. Dislocation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2017, 26(7): 1238-1245.
37.	Cherney LR, Lee JB, Kim KA, et al. Web-based Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (Web ORLA^®): a pilot randomized control trial. Clin Rehabil, 2021, 35(7): 976-987.
38.	Erickson BJ, Shishani Y, Gobezie R. Remote patient monitoring of postoperative rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 2023, 34(2): 489-497.
39.	Pastora-Bernal JM, Martín-Valero R, Barón-López FJ, et al. Evidence of benefit of telerehabitation after orthopedic surgery: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res, 2017, 19(4): e142.
40.	Shukla H, Nair SR, Thakker D. Role of telerehabilitation in patients following total knee arthroplasty: evidence from a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare, 2017, 23(2): 339-346.
41.	Palm KB, Blazar PE, Manna JC, et al. Feasibility, effectiveness and patient satisfaction of telerehabilitation after thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a pilot study. J Telemed Telecare, 2023, 29(7): 521-529.
42.	Davis DE, Cox R, Patel MS, et al. Successful outcomes achieved via web-based, home program after total shoulder arthroplasty. Arch Bone Jt Surg, 2020, 8(6): 661-667.
43.	Schick S, Elphingstone J, Paul K, et al. Home-based physical therapy results in similar outcomes to formal outpatient physical therapy after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2023, 32(8): 1555-1561.
44.	Chalmers PN, Tashjian RZ, Keener JD, et al. Active physical therapy does not improve outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a multi-center, randomized clinical trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2023, 32(4): 760-770.
45.	Yildiz TI, Kara D, Demirci S, et al. Recovery of the shoulder kinematics after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Biomech (Bristol), 2023, 107: 106013.
46.	Levy JC, Everding NG, Gil CC Jr, et al. Speed of recovery after shoulder arthroplasty: a comparison of reverse and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(12): 1872-1881.
47.	Mulieri P, Dunning P, Klein S, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tear without glenohumeral arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2010, 92(15): 2544-2556.
48.	Pelletier-Roy R, Ratté-Larouche M, Laurendeau S, et al. Electromyographic and kinematic study of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: an observational prospective cohort study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(1): 165-171.
49.	Rienmüller A, Maffiuletti NA, Schwyzer HK, et al. Shoulder muscle strength and neuromuscular activation 2 years after reverse shoulder prosthesis-an experimental case control study. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(2): 365.
50.	Lawrence TM, Ahmadi S, Sanchez-Sotelo J, et al. Patient reported activities after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: part II. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(11): 1464-1469.
51.	Blasco JM, Navarro-Bosch M, Aroca-Navarro JE, et al. A virtual assistant to guide early postoperative rehabilitation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a pilot randomized trial. Bioengineering (Basel), 2024, 11(2): 152.
52.	Wagner ER, Solberg MJ, Higgins LD. The utilization of formal physical therapy after shoulder arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2018, 48(11): 856-863.
53.	Uschok S, Herrmann S, Pauly S, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: the role of physical therapy on the clinical outcome in the mid-term to long-term follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2018, 138(10): 1347-1352.

1. Brown FM Jr. Nursing care after a shoulder arthroplasty. Orthop Nurs, 2008, 27(1): 3-9; quiz 10-11.
2. Day JS, Lau E, Ong KL, et al. Prevalence and projections of total shoulder and elbow arthroplasty in the United States to 2015. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2010, 19(8): 1115-1120.
3. Atchabahian A, Schwartz G, Hall CB, et al. Regional analgesia for improvement of long-term functional outcome after elective large joint replacement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, 2015(8): CD010278.
4. Westermann RW, Pugely AJ, Martin CT, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in the United States: a comparison of national volume, patient demographics, complications, and surgical indications. Iowa Orthop J, 2015, 35: 1-7.
5. Littlewood C, Morgan M, Pitt L, et al. Rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty in the United Kingdom National Health Service: a survey of publicly facing information. Musculoskeletal Care, 2020, 18(3): 359-364.
6. Bullock GS, Garrigues GE, Ledbetter L, et al. A systematic review of proposed rehabilitation guidelines following anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2019, 49(5): 337-346.
7. Brindisino F, Lorusso M, Usai M, et al. Rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty: a survey of current clinical practice patterns of Italian physiotherapists. Arch Physiother, 2023, 13(1): 12.
8. Pereira VC, Barreto J, Tomé S, et al. Clinical and functional results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and postoperative rehabilitation protocol. Cureus, 2022, 14(3): e23322.
9. Wright E, Tang Q, Ibrahim E. Scapular spine stress fracture following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: successful management with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. Cureus, 2020, 12(10): e10978.
10. Lee JH, Chun YM, Kim DS, et al. Effects of neuromuscular electrical muscle stimulation on the deltoid for shoulder function restoration after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in the early recovery period: a prospective randomized study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2023, 143(6): 3037-3046.
11. Noyes MP, Denard PJ. Continuous cryotherapy vs ice following total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized control trial. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ), 2018, 47(6).
12. Boudreau S, Boudreau ED, Higgins LD, et al. Rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2007, 37(12): 734-743.
13. Philippossian R, Luthi F, Farron A, et al. Update on the rehabilitation following anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Rev Med Suisse, 2019, 15(657): 1340-1349.
14. Gaunt BW, Shaffer MA, Sauers EL, et al. The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists’ consensus rehabilitation guideline for arthroscopic anterior capsulolabral repair of the shoulder. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2010, 40(3): 155-168.
15. Baumgarten KM, Osborn R, Schweinle WE 3rd, et al. The position of sling immobilization influences the outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized, single-blind, prospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2018, 27(12): 2120-2128.
16. Tirefort J, Schwitzguebel AJ, Collin P, et al. Postoperative mobilization after superior rotator cuff repair: sling versus no sling: a randomized prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2019, 101(6): 494-503.
17. Romano AM, Oliva F, Nastrucci G, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty patient personalized rehabilitation protocol. Preliminary results according to prognostic groups. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J, 2017, 7(2): 263-270.
18. Schick S, Dombrowsky A, Egbaria J, et al. Variability in physical therapy protocols following total shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Shoulder Elb, 2023, 26(3): 267-275.
19. Blacknall J, Neumann L. Rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder replacement. Shoulder Elbow, 2011, 3(4): 232-240.
20. Thigpen CA, Shaffer MA, Gaunt BW, et al. The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists’ consensus statement on rehabilitation following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2016, 25(4): 521-535.
21. Kennedy JS, Garrigues GE, Pozzi F, et al. The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists’ consensus statement on rehabilitation for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2020, 29(10): 2149-2162.
22. Lu Z, Nazari G, Almeida PH, et al. The clinical outcome of physiotherapy after reversed shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil, 2022, 44(23): 6997-7008.
23. Moffatt M, Whelan G, Gill P, et al. Effectiveness of early versus delayed rehabilitation following total shoulder replacement: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil, 2022, 36(2): 190-203.
24. Hagen MS, Allahabadi S, Zhang AL, et al. A randomized single-blinded trial of early rehabilitation versus immobilization after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2020, 29(3): 442-450.
25. Mulieri PJ, Holcomb JO, Dunning P, et al. Is a formal physical therapy program necessary after total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis?. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2010, 19(4): 570-579.
26. Edwards PK, Ebert JR, Joss B, et al. A randomised trial comparing two rehabilitation approaches following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder Elbow, 2021, 13(5): 557-572.
27. Eichinger JK, Galvin JW. Management of complications after total shoulder arthroplasty. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2015, 8(1): 83-91.
28. Denard PJ, Lädermann A. Immediate versus delayed passive range of motion following total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2016, 25(12): 1918-1924.
29. Lee J, Consigliere P, Fawzy E, et al. Accelerated rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(9): e545-e557.
30. Jacobs CA, Morris BJ, Sciascia AD, et al. Comparison of satisfied and dissatisfied patients 2 to 5 years after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2016, 25(7): 1128-1132.
31. Stith E, Borrero L, Santurri L, et al. Patient perceptions of acute phases of rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty. Open J Occup Ther, 2020, 8: 1-13.
32. Böhm E, Scheibel M, Lädermann A. Subscapularis insufficiency: what’s all the fuss about?. J Shoulder Elbow Arthropl, 2018, 2: 247154921879237.
33. Friedman RJ, Flurin PH, Wright TW, et al. Comparison of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes with and without subscapularis repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2017, 26(4): 662-668.
34. Berliner JL, Regalado-Magdos A, Ma CB, et al. Biomechanics of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015, 24(1): 150-160.
35. Agostini M, Moja L, Banzi R, et al. Telerehabilitation and recovery of motor function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare, 2015, 21(4): 202-213.
36. Kohan EM, Chalmers PN, Salazar D, et al. Dislocation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2017, 26(7): 1238-1245.
37. Cherney LR, Lee JB, Kim KA, et al. Web-based Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (Web ORLA^®): a pilot randomized control trial. Clin Rehabil, 2021, 35(7): 976-987.
38. Erickson BJ, Shishani Y, Gobezie R. Remote patient monitoring of postoperative rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 2023, 34(2): 489-497.
39. Pastora-Bernal JM, Martín-Valero R, Barón-López FJ, et al. Evidence of benefit of telerehabitation after orthopedic surgery: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res, 2017, 19(4): e142.
40. Shukla H, Nair SR, Thakker D. Role of telerehabilitation in patients following total knee arthroplasty: evidence from a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare, 2017, 23(2): 339-346.
41. Palm KB, Blazar PE, Manna JC, et al. Feasibility, effectiveness and patient satisfaction of telerehabilitation after thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a pilot study. J Telemed Telecare, 2023, 29(7): 521-529.
42. Davis DE, Cox R, Patel MS, et al. Successful outcomes achieved via web-based, home program after total shoulder arthroplasty. Arch Bone Jt Surg, 2020, 8(6): 661-667.
43. Schick S, Elphingstone J, Paul K, et al. Home-based physical therapy results in similar outcomes to formal outpatient physical therapy after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2023, 32(8): 1555-1561.
44. Chalmers PN, Tashjian RZ, Keener JD, et al. Active physical therapy does not improve outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a multi-center, randomized clinical trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2023, 32(4): 760-770.
45. Yildiz TI, Kara D, Demirci S, et al. Recovery of the shoulder kinematics after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Biomech (Bristol), 2023, 107: 106013.
46. Levy JC, Everding NG, Gil CC Jr, et al. Speed of recovery after shoulder arthroplasty: a comparison of reverse and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(12): 1872-1881.
47. Mulieri P, Dunning P, Klein S, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tear without glenohumeral arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2010, 92(15): 2544-2556.
48. Pelletier-Roy R, Ratté-Larouche M, Laurendeau S, et al. Electromyographic and kinematic study of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: an observational prospective cohort study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(1): 165-171.
49. Rienmüller A, Maffiuletti NA, Schwyzer HK, et al. Shoulder muscle strength and neuromuscular activation 2 years after reverse shoulder prosthesis-an experimental case control study. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(2): 365.
50. Lawrence TM, Ahmadi S, Sanchez-Sotelo J, et al. Patient reported activities after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: part II. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(11): 1464-1469.
51. Blasco JM, Navarro-Bosch M, Aroca-Navarro JE, et al. A virtual assistant to guide early postoperative rehabilitation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a pilot randomized trial. Bioengineering (Basel), 2024, 11(2): 152.
52. Wagner ER, Solberg MJ, Higgins LD. The utilization of formal physical therapy after shoulder arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2018, 48(11): 856-863.
53. Uschok S, Herrmann S, Pauly S, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: the role of physical therapy on the clinical outcome in the mid-term to long-term follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2018, 138(10): 1347-1352.

West China Medical Journal

Research progress of rehabilitation therapy of shoulder arthroplasty

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content