Structural contradictions and innovative pathways in China’s rehabilitation industry: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace and R language_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

ZHONG Yuxi ^1,2 , ZHANG Jinlong ^1,2 ,  HE Chengqi ^1,2

1. Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HE Chengqi, Email: hxkfhcq2015@126.com

Keywords：

Rehabilitation industry; policy-driven research; bibliometric analysis; rehabilitation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202411001

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To systematically analyze the research landscape of China’s rehabilitation industry, identify core contradictions and evolutionary pathways, and provide evidence for policy optimization and academic innovation. Methods Literature published up to December 31, 2024 was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chongqing VIP databases using rehabilitation industry as the subject term. Bibliometric methods such as keyword clustering, strategic coordinate analysis, temporal evolution (CiteSpace and R language) were employed to dissect research patterns, hotspot evolution, and innovation bottlenecks of the rehabilitation industry. Results Finally, 183 articles were included for analysis. China’s rehabilitation research exhibits a policy-driven, fragmented pattern (policy-focused journals accounted for 25.68% of publications; the Ministry of Civil Affairs had the highest publication volume, accounting for 2.19%. There was a structural disconnect between demand and research: on the one hand, the outbreak of elderly rehabilitation demand was marginalized in research (located in the lower left quadrant of the strategic coordinates, but keyword clustering dissolved in the “# 0 rehabilitation industry”); on the other hand, although exercise rehabilitation was a hot topic (ranked first in frequency, centrality>0.1), its maturity was insufficient (located in the lower right quadrant of the strategic coordinates). The research hotspots continued to shift towards “integration of industry and education” and “high-quality development” (temporal evolution), with the emergence of the term “rehabilitation” (strength=4.09) marking a historical focus, while technology transformation and collaboration in the public welfare market (isolation of the language rehabilitation industry) had become key breakthrough directions. Conclusion The rehabilitation industry in China urgently needs to break the dilemma of “high yield and low cooperation”, promote research and practice collaboration through three-dimensional innovation of technology education system, and support the rehabilitation needs of an aging society.

Citation： ZHONG Yuxi, ZHANG Jinlong, HE Chengqi. Structural contradictions and innovative pathways in China’s rehabilitation industry: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace and R language. West China Medical Journal, 2025, 40(6): 889-895. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202411001 Copy

1.	Fauser D, Wienert J, Schmielau J, et al. Work-related medical rehabilitation for cancer patients receiving non-postacute rehabilitation. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2023, 120(49): 841-842.
2.	Glinac A, Sinanović O, Sinanović S. Multicomponent educational-rehabilitation approach in rehabilitation of patients after stroke. Eurasian J Med, 2022, 54(3): 292-298.
3.	Satpute S, Cooper R, Dicianno BE, et al. Mini-review: rehabilitation engineering: research priorities and trends. Neurosci Lett, 2021, 764: 136207.
4.	韩文龙, 张瑞生, 赵峰. 新质生产力水平测算与中国经济增长新动能. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2024, 41(6): 5-25.
5.	Schlosser M, Klimecki OM, Collette F, et al. An 18-month meditation training selectively improves psychological well-being in older adults: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One, 2023, 18(12): e0294753.
6.	Liu F, Chen N, Wang R, et al. Visual analysis of allergic rhinitis in children based on web of science and CiteSpace software. Front Pediatr, 2022, 10: 911293.
7.	Sun W, Kang X, Zhao N, et al. Study on dysphagia from 2012 to 2021: a bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace. Front Neurol, 2022, 13: 1015546.
8.	伍清芳, 刘可欣, 杨诗雯, 等. 基于 CiteSpace 的国内外家庭药师实践进展. 医药导报, 2024, 43(1): 68-77.
9.	Chen L, Yu WY, Liu R, et al. A bibliometric analysis on the progress of myocardial bridge from 1980 to 2022. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2023, 9: 1051383.
10.	Aria M, Cuccurullo C. bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr, 2017, 11(4): 959-975.
11.	朱冉冉, 王津翔, 潘蓓, 等. 脑卒中中西医结合康复临床循证实践指南. 上海中医药杂志, 2024, 58(6): 1-11.
12.	Guo C, Cun Y, Xia B, et al. An analysis of stimulation methods used in rehabilitation equipment for children with cerebral palsy. Front Neurol, 2024, 15: 1371332.
13.	Tao Q, Chao H, Fang D, et al. Progress in neurorehabilitation research and the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2022. Neural Regen Res, 2024, 19(1): 226-232.
14.	Geng F, Liu Z, Yan R, et al. Post-acute care in china: development, challenges, and path forward. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2024, 25(1): 61-68.
15.	Jing Q, Xing Y, Duan M, et al. Study on the rehabilitation therapist estimation under institutional perspective by applying the workload indicators of staffing needs in the aging context. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 929675.
16.	Zhang X, Lu Z, Zhu D, et al. How do policies promote the sustainable development of older-adult care industry? A configuration analysis based on policy tools. Front Public Health, 2024, 12: 1430679.
17.	Menzel-Begemann A, Gissendanner S, Knoop T, et al. Consensus imperatives for research-to-practice transfer in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation (Stuttg), 2025, 64(2): 111-115.
18.	Carr LM, Mustafa S, Care A, et al. More than a number: incorporating the aged phenotype to improve in vitro and in vivo modeling of neurodegenerative disease. Brain Behav Immun, 2024, 119: 554-571.
19.	Guo X, Huo J, Dai W, et al. Current state and challenges of rehabilitation needs among elderly - China, 1990-2019. China CDC Wkly, 2022, 4(39): 871-874.
20.	陈卫. 中国人口负增长与老龄化趋势预测. 社会科学辑刊, 2022(5): 133-144.
21.	任亮亮, 周新成. 家国一体: 应对城乡居民养老问题的政策演进与实践基础. 西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2025, 46(2): 173-184.
22.	瞿凌云. 未来人口老龄化趋势及其对潜在经济增速影响的估算. 上海金融, 2021(8): 27-36.
23.	上海艾瑞市场咨询有限公司. 中国康复医疗行业研究报告//上海艾瑞市场咨询有限公司. 艾瑞咨询系列研究报告(2022 年第 6 期). 上海: 上海艾瑞市场咨询有限公司, 2022: 47.
24.	Jin L, Han Y, Dong J, et al. Current status of rehabilitation services and problems in Yunnan province, southwest China: a general doctors’ questionnaire-based study. Ann Med, 2023, 55(2): 2268123.
25.	Xu L, Xue C, Yang K, et al. A latent class analysis of community-based rehabilitation needs among Chinese older adults: a mixed study protocol. Front Public Health, 2024, 11: 1301752.
26.	Xue C, Xu L, Yang K, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of a digital health intervention to community-based rehabilitation in older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol. Digit Health, 2024, 10: 20552076241252648.
27.	Huang L, Jiang L, Xu Y, et al. Design and implementation of informatization for unified management of stroke rehabilitation in urban multi-level hospitals. Front Neurosci, 2023, 17: 1100681.
28.	Zhong J, Xuan Z, Wang K, et al. A BERT-span model for Chinese named entity recognition in rehabilitation medicine. PeerJ Comput Sci, 2023, 9: e1535.
29.	Li H, Chen C, Chen A, et al. Effect of a three-years preventive medicine vocational education program on county-level healthcare workforce development in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2025 Apr 11;25(1): 522.
30.	Tian T, Zhu L, Fu Q, et al. Needs for rehabilitation in China: estimates based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2019. Chin Med J (Engl), 2025, 138(1): 49-59.
31.	Li X, Shi Y, Zhao D, et al. Unmet needs for rehabilitation service of middle-aged and older adult residents in Chengdu, Sichuan, China: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 11989.
32.	Lubbe AL, Schellekens J, Pol MC, et al. “Treat people with human dignity”: the perspective of older adults on the quality of geriatric rehabilitation. Eur Geriatr Med, 2024, 15(6): 1783-1792.
33.	Pozzi C, Tatzer VC, Strasser-Gugerell C, et al. Innovative non-pharmacological management of delirium in persons with dementia: new frontiers for physiotherapy and occupational therapy?. Geriatrics (Basel), 2023, 8(2): 28.
34.	Guo Q, Sun Y, Fan M, et al. What is the degree of social disability risk in China under the background of the aging population? Social disability risk measurement index system design and evaluation research based on China. Front Public Health, 2023, 11: 1087276.
35.	Guo J, Zhang X, Chen L, et al. Level measurement, regional variations, and the dynamic evolution of active aging in China-analysis based on CHARLS tracking data. Front Public Health, 2025, 12: 1504907.
36.	Sun S, Lin X, Ouyang X, et al. Education and development of rehabilitation therapy in China under the background of aging. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 1000048.
37.	Verstraeten LMG, Reijnierse EM, Spoelstra T, et al. The impact of mobility limitations on geriatric rehabilitation outcomes: positive effects of resistance exercise training (RESORT). J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2024, 15(5): 2094-2103.
38.	Doornebosch AJ, Achterberg WP, Smaling HJA. Interprofessional collaboration during multidisciplinary team meetings in geriatric rehabilitation: an observational study. BMC Geriatr, 2025, 25(1): 213.
39.	Tsekoura M, Katsoulaki M, Kastrinis A, et al. The effects of exercise in older adults with hyperkyphotic posture. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2023, 1425: 501-506.
40.	Zang W, Chen H, Yan J, et al. Research trends and hotspots of exercise for people with sarcopenic: a bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2023, 102(50): e35148.
41.	Kong LN, Lyu Q, Liu DX, et al. Effects of exercise interventions on physical, psychological and social outcomes in frail older adults: an overview of systematic reviews. J Clin Nurs. 2024: 1-18.
42.	Lau LK, Tou NX, Jabbar KA, et al. Effects of exercise interventions on physical performance and activities of daily living in oldest-old and frail older adults: a review of the literature. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2023, 102(10): 939-949.
43.	Yang X, Li S, Xu L, et al. Effects of multicomponent exercise on frailty status and physical function in frail older adults: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Exp Gerontol, 2024, 197: 112604.
44.	Veneberg B, Tijsen LMJ, Wirtz MJ, et al. The development of indicators to measure the quality of care in geriatric rehabilitation. Int J Qual Health Care, 2023, 35(3): mzad044.
45.	Shoukat F, Ur Rehman SS, Ahmed A. Effects of physical exercise intervention on improving physical functioning and quality of life among geriatric population: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Pak Med Assoc, 2024, 74(8): 1481-1487.
46.	Niyazi A, Mir E, Ghasemi Kahrizsangi N, et al. The effect of functional exercise program on physical functioning in older adults aged 60 years or more: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Geriatr Nurs, 2024, 60: 548-559.
47.	Yi Q, Wang S, Feng X, et al. Global trends and hotspots of exercise interventions for mild cognitive impairment: a global bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2024, 103(37): e39550.
48.	Lu JK, Guan L, Wang W, et al. The association between blood biological age at rehabilitation admission and physical activity during rehabilitation in geriatric inpatients: RESORT. Geroscience, 2024, 46(5): 4505-4515.
49.	Zhang S, Sun J. Investigation of medical image technology based on big data neuroscience in exercise rehabilitation. Curr Med Imaging, 2024, 20: 1-13.
50.	Kraaijkamp JJM, Persoon A, Chavannes NH, et al. eHealth in geriatric rehabilitation: an international consensus study. Eur Geriatr Med, 2025: 1-13.
51.	Wen S, Huang R, Liu L, et al. Robotic exoskeleton-assisted walking rehabilitation for stroke patients: a bibliometric and visual analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2024, 12: 1391322.
52.	Zhang Y, Liu X, Qiao X, et al. Characteristics and emerging trends in research on rehabilitation robots from 2001 to 2020: bibliometric study. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e42901.
53.	Zhang X, Li H, Kang Q, et al. Government regulation or market mechanism? A study on the collaborative innovation pathways of the emergency industry based on evolutionary game models. PLoS One, 2025, 20(5): e0322563.
54.	Zhang X, Qiu KY, Chen SZ. Professional identity among new rehabilitation graduates in china: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Ethiop J Health Sci, 2023, 33(5): 859-868.
55.	Liu J, Shen Y, Fan W, et al. Industrial technological advance and the employment demand for China’s labour force-micro evidence from labour hiring in companies. PLoS One, 2024, 19(11): e0307564.
56.	彭宗超, 兰雨潇. 安全应急产品服务供需均衡: 产业与文化的智慧化协同发展. 北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版), 2024, 37(5): 15-25.
57.	应惟伟. 公益赋能: 为养老从业者提供更多关爱和保障. 中国社会工作, 2022(32): 9.
58.	汤匀, 王宏杨, 胡何欣, 等. 我国智慧能源产业政策量化评价——基于文本挖掘和 PMC 指数优化模型. 世界科技研究与发展, 2023, 45(6): 761-774.
59.	黄幸婷, 杨煜. “社会-技术”范式视角下突破能源系统碳锁定的政策工具组合研究. 软科学, 2023, 37(8): 86-93.

1. Fauser D, Wienert J, Schmielau J, et al. Work-related medical rehabilitation for cancer patients receiving non-postacute rehabilitation. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2023, 120(49): 841-842.
2. Glinac A, Sinanović O, Sinanović S. Multicomponent educational-rehabilitation approach in rehabilitation of patients after stroke. Eurasian J Med, 2022, 54(3): 292-298.
3. Satpute S, Cooper R, Dicianno BE, et al. Mini-review: rehabilitation engineering: research priorities and trends. Neurosci Lett, 2021, 764: 136207.
4. 韩文龙, 张瑞生, 赵峰. 新质生产力水平测算与中国经济增长新动能. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2024, 41(6): 5-25.
5. Schlosser M, Klimecki OM, Collette F, et al. An 18-month meditation training selectively improves psychological well-being in older adults: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One, 2023, 18(12): e0294753.
6. Liu F, Chen N, Wang R, et al. Visual analysis of allergic rhinitis in children based on web of science and CiteSpace software. Front Pediatr, 2022, 10: 911293.
7. Sun W, Kang X, Zhao N, et al. Study on dysphagia from 2012 to 2021: a bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace. Front Neurol, 2022, 13: 1015546.
8. 伍清芳, 刘可欣, 杨诗雯, 等. 基于 CiteSpace 的国内外家庭药师实践进展. 医药导报, 2024, 43(1): 68-77.
9. Chen L, Yu WY, Liu R, et al. A bibliometric analysis on the progress of myocardial bridge from 1980 to 2022. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2023, 9: 1051383.
10. Aria M, Cuccurullo C. bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr, 2017, 11(4): 959-975.
11. 朱冉冉, 王津翔, 潘蓓, 等. 脑卒中中西医结合康复临床循证实践指南. 上海中医药杂志, 2024, 58(6): 1-11.
12. Guo C, Cun Y, Xia B, et al. An analysis of stimulation methods used in rehabilitation equipment for children with cerebral palsy. Front Neurol, 2024, 15: 1371332.
13. Tao Q, Chao H, Fang D, et al. Progress in neurorehabilitation research and the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2022. Neural Regen Res, 2024, 19(1): 226-232.
14. Geng F, Liu Z, Yan R, et al. Post-acute care in china: development, challenges, and path forward. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2024, 25(1): 61-68.
15. Jing Q, Xing Y, Duan M, et al. Study on the rehabilitation therapist estimation under institutional perspective by applying the workload indicators of staffing needs in the aging context. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 929675.
16. Zhang X, Lu Z, Zhu D, et al. How do policies promote the sustainable development of older-adult care industry? A configuration analysis based on policy tools. Front Public Health, 2024, 12: 1430679.
17. Menzel-Begemann A, Gissendanner S, Knoop T, et al. Consensus imperatives for research-to-practice transfer in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation (Stuttg), 2025, 64(2): 111-115.
18. Carr LM, Mustafa S, Care A, et al. More than a number: incorporating the aged phenotype to improve in vitro and in vivo modeling of neurodegenerative disease. Brain Behav Immun, 2024, 119: 554-571.
19. Guo X, Huo J, Dai W, et al. Current state and challenges of rehabilitation needs among elderly - China, 1990-2019. China CDC Wkly, 2022, 4(39): 871-874.
20. 陈卫. 中国人口负增长与老龄化趋势预测. 社会科学辑刊, 2022(5): 133-144.
21. 任亮亮, 周新成. 家国一体: 应对城乡居民养老问题的政策演进与实践基础. 西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2025, 46(2): 173-184.
22. 瞿凌云. 未来人口老龄化趋势及其对潜在经济增速影响的估算. 上海金融, 2021(8): 27-36.
23. 上海艾瑞市场咨询有限公司. 中国康复医疗行业研究报告//上海艾瑞市场咨询有限公司. 艾瑞咨询系列研究报告(2022 年第 6 期). 上海: 上海艾瑞市场咨询有限公司, 2022: 47.
24. Jin L, Han Y, Dong J, et al. Current status of rehabilitation services and problems in Yunnan province, southwest China: a general doctors’ questionnaire-based study. Ann Med, 2023, 55(2): 2268123.
25. Xu L, Xue C, Yang K, et al. A latent class analysis of community-based rehabilitation needs among Chinese older adults: a mixed study protocol. Front Public Health, 2024, 11: 1301752.
26. Xue C, Xu L, Yang K, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of a digital health intervention to community-based rehabilitation in older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol. Digit Health, 2024, 10: 20552076241252648.
27. Huang L, Jiang L, Xu Y, et al. Design and implementation of informatization for unified management of stroke rehabilitation in urban multi-level hospitals. Front Neurosci, 2023, 17: 1100681.
28. Zhong J, Xuan Z, Wang K, et al. A BERT-span model for Chinese named entity recognition in rehabilitation medicine. PeerJ Comput Sci, 2023, 9: e1535.
29. Li H, Chen C, Chen A, et al. Effect of a three-years preventive medicine vocational education program on county-level healthcare workforce development in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2025 Apr 11;25(1): 522.
30. Tian T, Zhu L, Fu Q, et al. Needs for rehabilitation in China: estimates based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2019. Chin Med J (Engl), 2025, 138(1): 49-59.
31. Li X, Shi Y, Zhao D, et al. Unmet needs for rehabilitation service of middle-aged and older adult residents in Chengdu, Sichuan, China: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 11989.
32. Lubbe AL, Schellekens J, Pol MC, et al. “Treat people with human dignity”: the perspective of older adults on the quality of geriatric rehabilitation. Eur Geriatr Med, 2024, 15(6): 1783-1792.
33. Pozzi C, Tatzer VC, Strasser-Gugerell C, et al. Innovative non-pharmacological management of delirium in persons with dementia: new frontiers for physiotherapy and occupational therapy?. Geriatrics (Basel), 2023, 8(2): 28.
34. Guo Q, Sun Y, Fan M, et al. What is the degree of social disability risk in China under the background of the aging population? Social disability risk measurement index system design and evaluation research based on China. Front Public Health, 2023, 11: 1087276.
35. Guo J, Zhang X, Chen L, et al. Level measurement, regional variations, and the dynamic evolution of active aging in China-analysis based on CHARLS tracking data. Front Public Health, 2025, 12: 1504907.
36. Sun S, Lin X, Ouyang X, et al. Education and development of rehabilitation therapy in China under the background of aging. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 1000048.
37. Verstraeten LMG, Reijnierse EM, Spoelstra T, et al. The impact of mobility limitations on geriatric rehabilitation outcomes: positive effects of resistance exercise training (RESORT). J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2024, 15(5): 2094-2103.
38. Doornebosch AJ, Achterberg WP, Smaling HJA. Interprofessional collaboration during multidisciplinary team meetings in geriatric rehabilitation: an observational study. BMC Geriatr, 2025, 25(1): 213.
39. Tsekoura M, Katsoulaki M, Kastrinis A, et al. The effects of exercise in older adults with hyperkyphotic posture. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2023, 1425: 501-506.
40. Zang W, Chen H, Yan J, et al. Research trends and hotspots of exercise for people with sarcopenic: a bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2023, 102(50): e35148.
41. Kong LN, Lyu Q, Liu DX, et al. Effects of exercise interventions on physical, psychological and social outcomes in frail older adults: an overview of systematic reviews. J Clin Nurs. 2024: 1-18.
42. Lau LK, Tou NX, Jabbar KA, et al. Effects of exercise interventions on physical performance and activities of daily living in oldest-old and frail older adults: a review of the literature. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2023, 102(10): 939-949.
43. Yang X, Li S, Xu L, et al. Effects of multicomponent exercise on frailty status and physical function in frail older adults: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Exp Gerontol, 2024, 197: 112604.
44. Veneberg B, Tijsen LMJ, Wirtz MJ, et al. The development of indicators to measure the quality of care in geriatric rehabilitation. Int J Qual Health Care, 2023, 35(3): mzad044.
45. Shoukat F, Ur Rehman SS, Ahmed A. Effects of physical exercise intervention on improving physical functioning and quality of life among geriatric population: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Pak Med Assoc, 2024, 74(8): 1481-1487.
46. Niyazi A, Mir E, Ghasemi Kahrizsangi N, et al. The effect of functional exercise program on physical functioning in older adults aged 60 years or more: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Geriatr Nurs, 2024, 60: 548-559.
47. Yi Q, Wang S, Feng X, et al. Global trends and hotspots of exercise interventions for mild cognitive impairment: a global bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2024, 103(37): e39550.
48. Lu JK, Guan L, Wang W, et al. The association between blood biological age at rehabilitation admission and physical activity during rehabilitation in geriatric inpatients: RESORT. Geroscience, 2024, 46(5): 4505-4515.
49. Zhang S, Sun J. Investigation of medical image technology based on big data neuroscience in exercise rehabilitation. Curr Med Imaging, 2024, 20: 1-13.
50. Kraaijkamp JJM, Persoon A, Chavannes NH, et al. eHealth in geriatric rehabilitation: an international consensus study. Eur Geriatr Med, 2025: 1-13.
51. Wen S, Huang R, Liu L, et al. Robotic exoskeleton-assisted walking rehabilitation for stroke patients: a bibliometric and visual analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2024, 12: 1391322.
52. Zhang Y, Liu X, Qiao X, et al. Characteristics and emerging trends in research on rehabilitation robots from 2001 to 2020: bibliometric study. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e42901.
53. Zhang X, Li H, Kang Q, et al. Government regulation or market mechanism? A study on the collaborative innovation pathways of the emergency industry based on evolutionary game models. PLoS One, 2025, 20(5): e0322563.
54. Zhang X, Qiu KY, Chen SZ. Professional identity among new rehabilitation graduates in china: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Ethiop J Health Sci, 2023, 33(5): 859-868.
55. Liu J, Shen Y, Fan W, et al. Industrial technological advance and the employment demand for China’s labour force-micro evidence from labour hiring in companies. PLoS One, 2024, 19(11): e0307564.
56. 彭宗超, 兰雨潇. 安全应急产品服务供需均衡: 产业与文化的智慧化协同发展. 北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版), 2024, 37(5): 15-25.
57. 应惟伟. 公益赋能: 为养老从业者提供更多关爱和保障. 中国社会工作, 2022(32): 9.
58. 汤匀, 王宏杨, 胡何欣, 等. 我国智慧能源产业政策量化评价——基于文本挖掘和 PMC 指数优化模型. 世界科技研究与发展, 2023, 45(6): 761-774.
59. 黄幸婷, 杨煜. “社会-技术”范式视角下突破能源系统碳锁定的政策工具组合研究. 软科学, 2023, 37(8): 86-93.

West China Medical Journal

Structural contradictions and innovative pathways in China’s rehabilitation industry: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace and R language

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