WANG Jun 1 , DENG Jun 2 , LI Shuo 1 , LI Facan 1 , LI Yanlin 1 , CHEN Miao 1
  • 1. Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China;
  • 2. Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China;
LI Yanlin, Email: 852387873@qq.com; CHEN Miao, Email: 249487505@qq.com
Proximal humerus; three-dimensional reconstruction technique; anatomic measurement; shoulder hemiarthroplasty; prosthesis design
10.7507/1002-1892.202506035
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Objective To conduct a comprehensive analysis of proximal humeral anatomical characteristics in the Chinese population utilizing three-dimensional reconstruction technology, thereby establishing an evidence base for the enhancement of shoulder hemiarthroplasty procedures and the development of domestically manufactured prostheses. Methods  The study cohort comprised 30 patients (60 shoulders) presenting with cervicoscapular pain between July 2023 and June 2025, with equal gender distribution (15 males and 15 females); age distribution ranged from 20 to 75 years (mean, 53.7 years). Data acquisition was performed via high-resolution CT imaging (technical parameters: slice thickness 0.625 mm, voltage 120 kV, current 150 mA, matrix 512×512). Subsequently, CT datasets were processed in DICOM format using Mimics17.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction, followed by quantitative assessment via Imageware12.0 software to evaluate key proximal humeral parameters: humeral head dimensions (coronal diameter, sagittal diameter, surface curvature diameter, thickness), angular measurements [neck-shaft angle, retroversion angle (retroversion angle 1 was the angle between the humeral head axis and the line connecting the medial and lateral condyles, and retroversion angle 2 was the angle between the humeral head axis and the tangent of the trochlea)], and positional metrics (medial offset, posterior offset). Statistical analysis incorporated Pearson correlation coefficients to determine parameter relationships, with comparative evaluations conducted across demographic variables including gender, height, body mass, and age. Results  Quantitative analysis yielded the following measurements: humeral head coronal diameter (41.8±3.6) mm, sagittal diameter (39.1±4.1) mm, surface curvature diameter (44.9±4.6) mm, thickness (17.2±1.8) mm, neck-shaft angle (128.4±4.2)°, retroversion angle 1 (16.9±8.9)°, retroversion angle 2 (21.4±11.3)°, medial offset (3.8±1.7) mm, and posterior offset (5.1±1.6) mm. Correlation analysis demonstrated the most pronounced positive relationship between humeral head surface curvature diameter and thickness (r=0.966), with additional significant positive correlations observed between surface curvature diameter and coronal diameter (r=0.842), posterior offset and retroversion angle (r=0.766), and coronal diameter and thickness (r=0.727). Demographic analysis revealed significantly greater dimensions in males compared to females for humeral head surface curvature diameter, coronal diameter, sagittal diameter, and thickness (P<0.05), with these parameters demonstrating progressive increases corresponding to height (P<0.05). With the exception of neck-shaft angle, all parameters exhibited a positive correlation with body mass. No significant age-related differences were detected across parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion  The proximal humeral morphology in the Chinese population exhibits substantial variability, necessitating optimization of prosthetic designs based on population-specific anatomical metrics to enhance the efficacy of personalized clinical interventions.

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