- Breast Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China;
XIE Hui,
Email: Hxie@njmu.edu.cn
Endoscopic technology can reduce the surgical incision, and on the basis of ensuring tumor safety, effectively improve aesthetic outcomes and enhance patient satisfaction. Endoscopic breast-conserving surgery can offer benefits to scar appearance for patients with early breast cancer; however, for patients with tumors in the lower quadrant, the trauma of surgery should be carefully considered. Endoscopic breast reconstruction provides a preferred option for the patients underwent total mastectomy by reshaping a scarless breast. The choice of surgery should be considered by oncological safety, postoperative aesthetic effects, patient’s willingness, and medical conditions. The more high-quality clinical studies are needed to provide reference for decision-making. The development of endoscopic technology will provide better treatment options for patients with breast cancer.
Citation： QIU Mengxue, XIE Hui. Choice of breast-conserving surgery and reconstruction surgery in endoscopic era. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2025, 32(3): 272-276. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202502031 Copy
Copyright © the editorial department of CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
| 1. | Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249. |
| 2. | Sinnadurai S, Kwong A, Hartman M, et al. Breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomy in young women with breast cancer in Asian settings. BJS Open, 2018, 3(1): 48-55. |
| 3. | Kimball CC, Nichols CI, Vose JG, et al. Trends in lumpectomy and oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery in the US, 2011-2016. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(13): 3867-3873. |
| 4. | Galimberti V, Vicini E, Corso G, et al. Nipple-sparing and skin-sparing mastectomy: Review of aims, oncological safety and contraindications. Breast, 2017, 34 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S82-S84. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.06.034. |
| 5. | Kim MK, Kim T, Moon HG, et al. Effect of cosmetic outcome on quality of life after breast cancer surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2015, 41(3): 426-432. |
| 6. | Angarita FA, Castelo M, Englesakis M, et al. Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy: systematic review. Br J Surg, 2020, 107(12): 1580-1594. |
| 7. | Mok CW, Lai HW. Endoscopic-assisted surgery in the management of breast cancer: 20 years review of trend, techniques and outcomes. Breast, 2019, 46: 144-156. |
| 8. | 万安弟, 齐晓伟, 张毅, 等. 乳腺癌微创手术的研究现状与进展. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2022, 29(11): 1433-1438. |
| 9. | Wang ZH, Ng HI, Teng CS, et al. Outcomes of single-port gasless laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer: An observational study. Breast J, 2019, 25(3): 461-464. |
| 10. | Xie F, Wang ZH, Wu SS, et al. Comparing outcomes of single-port insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery and conventional open approach for breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol, 2022, 20(1): 335. doi: 10.1186/s12957-022-02798-6. |
| 11. | Lai HW, Mok CW, Chang YT, et al. Endoscopic assisted breast conserving surgery for breast cancer: Clinical outcome, learning curve, and patient reported aesthetic results from preliminary 100 procedures. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2020, 46(8): 1446-1455. |
| 12. | Nakajima H, Fujiwara I, Mizuta N, et al. Clinical outcomes of video-assisted skin-sparing partial mastectomy for breast cancer and immediate reconstruction with latissimus dorsi muscle flap as breast-conserving therapy. World J Surg, 2010, 34(9): 2197-2203. |
| 13. | Yamashita K, Shimizu K. Transaxillary retromammary route approach of video-assisted breast surgery enables the inner-side breast cancer to be resected for breast conserving surgery. Am J Surg, 2008, 196(4): 578-581. |
| 14. | Yamashita K, Shimizu K. Endoscopic video-assisted breast surgery: procedures and short-term results. J Nippon Med Sch, 2006, 73(4): 193-202. |
| 15. | Takemoto N, Koyanagi A, Yamamoto H. Ten-year follow up of cosmetic outcome, overall survival, and disease-free survival in endoscope-assisted partial mastectomy with filling of dead space using absorbable mesh for stage ≤ ⅡA breast cancer: comparison with conventional conservative method. BMC Womens Health, 2021, 21(1): 253. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01399-x. |
| 16. | Saimura M, Mitsuyama S, Anan K, et al. Endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2013, 6(3): 203-208. |
| 17. | Ozaki S, Ohara M, Shigematsu H, et al. Technical feasibility and cosmetic advantage of hybrid endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer patients. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2013, 23(2): 91-99. |
| 18. | Takemoto N, Koyanagi A, Yamamoto H. Comparison between endoscope-assisted partial mastectomy with filling of dead space using absorbable mesh and conventional conservative method on cosmetic outcome in patients with stage I or II breast cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2012, 22(1): 68-72. |
| 19. | Park HS, Lee JS, Lee JS, et al. The feasibility of endoscopy-assisted breast conservation surgery for patients with early breast cancer. J Breast Cancer, 2011, 14(1): 52-57. |
| 20. | Lee EK, Kook SH, Park YL, et al. Endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer. World J Surg, 2006, 30(6): 957-964. |
| 21. | Tamaki Y, Sakita I, Miyoshi Y, et al. Transareolar endoscopy-assisted partial mastectomy: a preliminary report of six cases. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2001, 11(6): 356-362. |
| 22. | Lu S, Yang J, Wei T, et al. Single-incision endoscope-assisted breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy: prospective SINA-BCS cohort study. Br J Surg, 2023, 110(9): 1076-1079. |
| 23. | Nakajima H, Fujiwara I, Mizuta N, et al. Video-assisted skin-sparing breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer and immediate reconstruction with autologous tissue: clinical outcomes. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(7): 1982-1989. |
| 24. | 邱梦雪, 杨焕佐, 周娇, 等. 基于华西三号孔的腋窝入路腔镜乳腺良性肿瘤切除及恶性肿瘤保乳术技巧与疗效分析. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2023, 30(3): 350-356. |
| 25. | Nakajima H, Fujiwara I, Mizuta N, et al. Video-assisted skin-sparing breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer and immediate reconstruction with autologous tissue. Ann Surg, 2009, 249(1): 91-96. |
| 26. | Lai HW, Chen ST, Lin YJ, et al. Minimal access (endoscopic and robotic) breast surgery in the surgical treatment of early breast cancer-trend and clinical outcome from a single-surgeon experience over 10 years. Front Oncol, 2021, 11: 739144. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739144. |
| 27. | Lai HW, Chen ST, Liao CY, et al. Oncologic outcome of endoscopic assisted breast surgery compared with conventional approach in breast cancer: an analysis of 3 426 primary operable breast cancer patients from single institute with and without propensity score matching. Ann Surg Oncol, 2021, 28(12): 7368-7380. |
| 28. | Zhang P, Li CZ, Wu CT, et al. Comparison of immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy and mastectomy alone for breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2017, 43(2): 285-293. |
| 29. | Nelson JA, Allen RJ, Polanco T, et al. Long-term patient-reported outcomes following postmastectomy breast reconstruction: an 8-year examination of 3 268 patients. Ann Surg, 2019, 270(3): 473-483. |
| 30. | Lai HW, Chen ST, Lin SL, et al. Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with gel implant: technique, preliminary results and patient-reported cosmetic outcome. Ann Surg Oncol, 2019, 26(1): 42-52. |
| 31. | Du Z, Zhou Y, Chen J, et al. Retrospective observational study of breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap following skin-sparing mastectomy. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(31): e10936. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010936. |
| 32. | Yang H, Liang F, Xie Y, et al. Single axillary incision reverse-order endoscopic nipple/skin-sparing mastectomy followed by subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction: Technique, clinical outcomes, and aesthetic results from 88 preliminary procedures. Surgery, 2023, 174(3): 464-472. |
| 33. | Feng Y, Liang F, Wen N, et al. An innovative and highly efficient single-port endoscopic nipple-/skin-sparing mastectomy and dual-plane direct-to-implant breast reconstruction: A prospective study from a single institution. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2024, 48(6): 1133-1141. |
| 34. | Zhang S, Xie Y, Liang F, et al. Video-assisted transaxillary nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate implant-based breast reconstruction: A novel and promising method. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2022, 46(1): 91-98. |
| 35. | Zhang S, Xie Y, Liang F, et al. Endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with direct-to-implant subpectoral breast reconstruction in the management of breast cancer. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2021, 9(12): e3978. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003978. |
| 36. | Wang ZH, Gao GX, et al. Single-port nipple-sparing subcutaneous mastectomy with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction for breast cancer. Surg Endosc, 2023, 37(5): 3842-3851. |
| 37. | Park HS, Lee J, Lai HW, et al. Surgical and oncologic outcomes of robotic and conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction: International multicenter pooled data analysis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2022, 29(11): 6646-6657. |
| 38. | Lai HW, Chen DR, Liu LC, et al. Robotic versus conventional or endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate prosthesis breast reconstruction in the management of breast cancer: A prospectively designed multicenter trial comparing clinical outcomes, medical cost, and patient-reported outcomes (RCENSM-P). Ann Surg, 2024, 279(1): 138-146. |
| 39. | Qiu J, Wen N, Xie Y, et al. Novel technique for endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with endoscopic-assisted latissimus dorsi muscle flap harvest through a single axillary incision: a retrospective cohort study of comparing endoscopic and open surgery. Gland Surg, 2022, 11(8): 1383-1394. |
| 40. | Feng Y, Wen N, Liang F, et al. Endoscopic nipple- or skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with endoscopic harvesting of the latissimus dorsi flap: A preliminary experience of an innovative technique. Breast J, 2022, 2022: 1373899. doi: 10.1155/2022/1373899. |
| 41. | Yao CC, Liu C, Xian J. Comparison of single-pore non-liposuction near-infrared laparoscopy with conventional open surgery for axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early breast cancer: a single-center, small-sample retrospective study. World J Surg Oncol, 2023, 21(1): 66. doi: 10.1186/s12957-023-02942-w. |
| 42. | 中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会, 中国医师协会外科医师分会乳腺外科医师委员会, 上海市抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会. 乳腺肿瘤整形与乳房重建专家共识(2022年版). 中国癌症杂志, 2022, 32(9): 836-924. |
| 43. | Shin H. Current trends in and indications for endoscopy-assisted breast surgery for breast cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2021, 1187: 567-590. |
| 44. | Kaufman CS. Increasing role of oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer. Curr Oncol Rep, 2019, 21(12): 111. doi: 10.1007/s11912-019-0860-9. |
| 45. | Ollila DW, Hwang ES, Brenin DR, et al. The changing paradigms for breast cancer surgery: Performing fewer and less-invasive operations. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(10): 2807-2812. |
| 46. | Hanson SE, Lei X, Roubaud MS, et al. Long-term quality of life in patients with breast cancer after breast conservation vs mastectomy and reconstruction. JAMA Surg, 2022, 157(6): e220631. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.0631. |
| 47. | Razdan SN, Panchal H, Albornoz CR, et al. Impact of contralateral symmetry procedures on long-term patient-reported outcomes following unilateral prosthetic breast reconstruction. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2019, 35(2): 124-128. |
| 48. | Qiu M, Yang H, Zhou J, et al. Short-term safety and cosmetic outcomes of endoscopic direct-to-implant breast reconstruction and simultaneous contralateral breast augmentation for breast cancer: a prospective analysis of 33 patients. World J Surg Oncol, 2023, 21(1): 201. doi: 10.1186/s12957-023-03089-4. |
| 49. | Chen R, You S, Yin Z, et al. Non-doctoral factors influencing the surgical choice of Chinese patients with breast cancer who were eligible for breast-conserving surgery. World J Surg Oncol, 2019, 17(1): 189. doi: 10.1186/s12957-019-1723-4. |
| 50. | Ahn SJ, Song SY, Park HS, et al. Early experiences with robot-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction. Arch Plast Surg, 2019, 46(1): 79-83. |
| 51. | Satake T, Narui K, Muto M, et al. Endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate multistage fat grafting for total breast reconstruction: A new combination for minimal scar breast cancer surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018, 142(5): 816e-818e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004908. |
- 1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249.
- 2. Sinnadurai S, Kwong A, Hartman M, et al. Breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomy in young women with breast cancer in Asian settings. BJS Open, 2018, 3(1): 48-55.
- 3. Kimball CC, Nichols CI, Vose JG, et al. Trends in lumpectomy and oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery in the US, 2011-2016. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(13): 3867-3873.
- 4. Galimberti V, Vicini E, Corso G, et al. Nipple-sparing and skin-sparing mastectomy: Review of aims, oncological safety and contraindications. Breast, 2017, 34 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S82-S84. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.06.034.
- 5. Kim MK, Kim T, Moon HG, et al. Effect of cosmetic outcome on quality of life after breast cancer surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2015, 41(3): 426-432.
- 6. Angarita FA, Castelo M, Englesakis M, et al. Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy: systematic review. Br J Surg, 2020, 107(12): 1580-1594.
- 7. Mok CW, Lai HW. Endoscopic-assisted surgery in the management of breast cancer: 20 years review of trend, techniques and outcomes. Breast, 2019, 46: 144-156.
- 8. 万安弟, 齐晓伟, 张毅, 等. 乳腺癌微创手术的研究现状与进展. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2022, 29(11): 1433-1438.
- 9. Wang ZH, Ng HI, Teng CS, et al. Outcomes of single-port gasless laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer: An observational study. Breast J, 2019, 25(3): 461-464.
- 10. Xie F, Wang ZH, Wu SS, et al. Comparing outcomes of single-port insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery and conventional open approach for breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol, 2022, 20(1): 335. doi: 10.1186/s12957-022-02798-6.
- 11. Lai HW, Mok CW, Chang YT, et al. Endoscopic assisted breast conserving surgery for breast cancer: Clinical outcome, learning curve, and patient reported aesthetic results from preliminary 100 procedures. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2020, 46(8): 1446-1455.
- 12. Nakajima H, Fujiwara I, Mizuta N, et al. Clinical outcomes of video-assisted skin-sparing partial mastectomy for breast cancer and immediate reconstruction with latissimus dorsi muscle flap as breast-conserving therapy. World J Surg, 2010, 34(9): 2197-2203.
- 13. Yamashita K, Shimizu K. Transaxillary retromammary route approach of video-assisted breast surgery enables the inner-side breast cancer to be resected for breast conserving surgery. Am J Surg, 2008, 196(4): 578-581.
- 14. Yamashita K, Shimizu K. Endoscopic video-assisted breast surgery: procedures and short-term results. J Nippon Med Sch, 2006, 73(4): 193-202.
- 15. Takemoto N, Koyanagi A, Yamamoto H. Ten-year follow up of cosmetic outcome, overall survival, and disease-free survival in endoscope-assisted partial mastectomy with filling of dead space using absorbable mesh for stage ≤ ⅡA breast cancer: comparison with conventional conservative method. BMC Womens Health, 2021, 21(1): 253. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01399-x.
- 16. Saimura M, Mitsuyama S, Anan K, et al. Endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2013, 6(3): 203-208.
- 17. Ozaki S, Ohara M, Shigematsu H, et al. Technical feasibility and cosmetic advantage of hybrid endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer patients. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2013, 23(2): 91-99.
- 18. Takemoto N, Koyanagi A, Yamamoto H. Comparison between endoscope-assisted partial mastectomy with filling of dead space using absorbable mesh and conventional conservative method on cosmetic outcome in patients with stage I or II breast cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2012, 22(1): 68-72.
- 19. Park HS, Lee JS, Lee JS, et al. The feasibility of endoscopy-assisted breast conservation surgery for patients with early breast cancer. J Breast Cancer, 2011, 14(1): 52-57.
- 20. Lee EK, Kook SH, Park YL, et al. Endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer. World J Surg, 2006, 30(6): 957-964.
- 21. Tamaki Y, Sakita I, Miyoshi Y, et al. Transareolar endoscopy-assisted partial mastectomy: a preliminary report of six cases. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2001, 11(6): 356-362.
- 22. Lu S, Yang J, Wei T, et al. Single-incision endoscope-assisted breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy: prospective SINA-BCS cohort study. Br J Surg, 2023, 110(9): 1076-1079.
- 23. Nakajima H, Fujiwara I, Mizuta N, et al. Video-assisted skin-sparing breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer and immediate reconstruction with autologous tissue: clinical outcomes. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(7): 1982-1989.
- 24. 邱梦雪, 杨焕佐, 周娇, 等. 基于华西三号孔的腋窝入路腔镜乳腺良性肿瘤切除及恶性肿瘤保乳术技巧与疗效分析. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2023, 30(3): 350-356.
- 25. Nakajima H, Fujiwara I, Mizuta N, et al. Video-assisted skin-sparing breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer and immediate reconstruction with autologous tissue. Ann Surg, 2009, 249(1): 91-96.
- 26. Lai HW, Chen ST, Lin YJ, et al. Minimal access (endoscopic and robotic) breast surgery in the surgical treatment of early breast cancer-trend and clinical outcome from a single-surgeon experience over 10 years. Front Oncol, 2021, 11: 739144. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739144.
- 27. Lai HW, Chen ST, Liao CY, et al. Oncologic outcome of endoscopic assisted breast surgery compared with conventional approach in breast cancer: an analysis of 3 426 primary operable breast cancer patients from single institute with and without propensity score matching. Ann Surg Oncol, 2021, 28(12): 7368-7380.
- 28. Zhang P, Li CZ, Wu CT, et al. Comparison of immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy and mastectomy alone for breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2017, 43(2): 285-293.
- 29. Nelson JA, Allen RJ, Polanco T, et al. Long-term patient-reported outcomes following postmastectomy breast reconstruction: an 8-year examination of 3 268 patients. Ann Surg, 2019, 270(3): 473-483.
- 30. Lai HW, Chen ST, Lin SL, et al. Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with gel implant: technique, preliminary results and patient-reported cosmetic outcome. Ann Surg Oncol, 2019, 26(1): 42-52.
- 31. Du Z, Zhou Y, Chen J, et al. Retrospective observational study of breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap following skin-sparing mastectomy. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(31): e10936. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010936.
- 32. Yang H, Liang F, Xie Y, et al. Single axillary incision reverse-order endoscopic nipple/skin-sparing mastectomy followed by subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction: Technique, clinical outcomes, and aesthetic results from 88 preliminary procedures. Surgery, 2023, 174(3): 464-472.
- 33. Feng Y, Liang F, Wen N, et al. An innovative and highly efficient single-port endoscopic nipple-/skin-sparing mastectomy and dual-plane direct-to-implant breast reconstruction: A prospective study from a single institution. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2024, 48(6): 1133-1141.
- 34. Zhang S, Xie Y, Liang F, et al. Video-assisted transaxillary nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate implant-based breast reconstruction: A novel and promising method. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2022, 46(1): 91-98.
- 35. Zhang S, Xie Y, Liang F, et al. Endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with direct-to-implant subpectoral breast reconstruction in the management of breast cancer. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2021, 9(12): e3978. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003978.
- 36. Wang ZH, Gao GX, et al. Single-port nipple-sparing subcutaneous mastectomy with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction for breast cancer. Surg Endosc, 2023, 37(5): 3842-3851.
- 37. Park HS, Lee J, Lai HW, et al. Surgical and oncologic outcomes of robotic and conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction: International multicenter pooled data analysis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2022, 29(11): 6646-6657.
- 38. Lai HW, Chen DR, Liu LC, et al. Robotic versus conventional or endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate prosthesis breast reconstruction in the management of breast cancer: A prospectively designed multicenter trial comparing clinical outcomes, medical cost, and patient-reported outcomes (RCENSM-P). Ann Surg, 2024, 279(1): 138-146.
- 39. Qiu J, Wen N, Xie Y, et al. Novel technique for endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with endoscopic-assisted latissimus dorsi muscle flap harvest through a single axillary incision: a retrospective cohort study of comparing endoscopic and open surgery. Gland Surg, 2022, 11(8): 1383-1394.
- 40. Feng Y, Wen N, Liang F, et al. Endoscopic nipple- or skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with endoscopic harvesting of the latissimus dorsi flap: A preliminary experience of an innovative technique. Breast J, 2022, 2022: 1373899. doi: 10.1155/2022/1373899.
- 41. Yao CC, Liu C, Xian J. Comparison of single-pore non-liposuction near-infrared laparoscopy with conventional open surgery for axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early breast cancer: a single-center, small-sample retrospective study. World J Surg Oncol, 2023, 21(1): 66. doi: 10.1186/s12957-023-02942-w.
- 42. 中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会, 中国医师协会外科医师分会乳腺外科医师委员会, 上海市抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会. 乳腺肿瘤整形与乳房重建专家共识(2022年版). 中国癌症杂志, 2022, 32(9): 836-924.
- 43. Shin H. Current trends in and indications for endoscopy-assisted breast surgery for breast cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2021, 1187: 567-590.
- 44. Kaufman CS. Increasing role of oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer. Curr Oncol Rep, 2019, 21(12): 111. doi: 10.1007/s11912-019-0860-9.
- 45. Ollila DW, Hwang ES, Brenin DR, et al. The changing paradigms for breast cancer surgery: Performing fewer and less-invasive operations. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(10): 2807-2812.
- 46. Hanson SE, Lei X, Roubaud MS, et al. Long-term quality of life in patients with breast cancer after breast conservation vs mastectomy and reconstruction. JAMA Surg, 2022, 157(6): e220631. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.0631.
- 47. Razdan SN, Panchal H, Albornoz CR, et al. Impact of contralateral symmetry procedures on long-term patient-reported outcomes following unilateral prosthetic breast reconstruction. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2019, 35(2): 124-128.
- 48. Qiu M, Yang H, Zhou J, et al. Short-term safety and cosmetic outcomes of endoscopic direct-to-implant breast reconstruction and simultaneous contralateral breast augmentation for breast cancer: a prospective analysis of 33 patients. World J Surg Oncol, 2023, 21(1): 201. doi: 10.1186/s12957-023-03089-4.
- 49. Chen R, You S, Yin Z, et al. Non-doctoral factors influencing the surgical choice of Chinese patients with breast cancer who were eligible for breast-conserving surgery. World J Surg Oncol, 2019, 17(1): 189. doi: 10.1186/s12957-019-1723-4.
- 50. Ahn SJ, Song SY, Park HS, et al. Early experiences with robot-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction. Arch Plast Surg, 2019, 46(1): 79-83.
- 51. Satake T, Narui K, Muto M, et al. Endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate multistage fat grafting for total breast reconstruction: A new combination for minimal scar breast cancer surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018, 142(5): 816e-818e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004908.