Promoting evidence-based clinical audit for continuous improvement of clinical quality_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

ZHOU Yingfeng ,  HU Yan , XING Weijie , ZHU Zheng , CHEN Yu

School of Nursing, Fudan University, Fudan University Centre of Evidence-based Nursing: a JBI Center of Excellence, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

HU Yan, Email: huyan@fudan.edu.cn

Keywords：

Clinical audit; Evidence-based nursing practice; Evidence implementation; Continuous quality improvement

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202001003

Video：

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This paper introduces the background, significance, definition and types of clinical audit and describes five stages of clinical audit, including preparing for clinical audit, selecting criteria, measuring performance and sustaining improvement. This paper also introduces the international and national status quo of implementing clinical audit in nursing practice and describes the reporting guideline for articles of clinical audit. Finally, this article suggests that providing methodological training and creating a supportive environment are crucial strategies to promote the implementation of clinical audit and bridge the gaps between evidence and practice.

Citation： ZHOU Yingfeng, HU Yan, XING Weijie, ZHU Zheng, CHEN Yu. Promoting evidence-based clinical audit for continuous improvement of clinical quality. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2020, 20(6): 621-627. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202001003 Copy

1.	Brook RH. The end of the quality improvement movement: long live improving value. JAMA, 2010, 304(16): 1831-1832.
2.	Pearson A, Jordan Z. Evidence-based clinical practice in nursing and health care: assimilating research, experience and expertise. Sydney: Wiley, 2009: 137-153.
3.	NHS Centre for Review and Dissemination. Getting evidence into practice. Effective health care. New York: University of York, 1999.
4.	Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ, 1996, 312(7023): 71-72.
5.	Morris ZS, Wooding S, Grant J. The answer is 17 years, what is the question: understanding time lags in translational research. J R Soc Med, 2011, 104(12): 510-520.
6.	Burnett AC, Winyard G. Clinical audit at the heart of clinical effectiveness. J Qual Clin Pract, 1998, 18(1): 3-19.
7.	Tierney A. Florence nightingale: measuring hospital care outcomes. J Adv Nurs, 2000, 32(1): 265.
8.	Department of Health. Working for patients. London: The Stationery Office, 1989.
9.	National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Principle for best practice in clinical audit. Abingdon: Radcliffe Medical Press, 2002.
10.	Boult M, Maddern GJ. Clinical audits: why and for whom. ANZ J Surg, 2007, 77(7): 572-578.
11.	Institute of Medicine. Guidelines for clinical practice: from development to use. Washington DC: National Academic Press, 1992.
12.	Baker R, Fraser RC. Development of review criteria: linking guidelines and assessment of quality. BMJ, 1995, 311(7001): 370-373.
13.	Rosenfield RH, Wilson DC. Change in organizations. Managing organizations. Text, readings and cases (2nd edition). Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill, 1999: 283-298.
14.	Robertson N. A systematic approach to managing change. In: Baker R, Hearnshaw H, Robertson N, eds. Implementing change with clinical audit. Chichester: Wiley, 1999: 37-56.
15.	Lopez-Campos JL, Asensio-Cruz MI, Castro-Acosta A, et al. Results from an audit feedback strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in-hospital care: a joint analysis from the AUDIPOC and European COPD audit studies. PLoS One, 2014, 9(10): e110394.
16.	Francis-Coad J, Etherton-Beer C, Bulsara C, et al. Using a community of practice to evaluate falls prevention activity in a residential aged care organisation: a clinical audit. Aust Health Rev, 2017, 41(1): 13-18.
17.	Francis-Code J, Phty M, Etherton-Beer C, et al. Can a web-based community of practice be established and operated to lead falls prevention activity in residential care? Geriatric nursing, 2017, 38(2): 133-140.
18.	Francis-Coad J, Etherton-Beer C, Bulsara C, et al. Evaluating the impact of a falls prevention community of practice in a residential aged care setting: a realist approach. BMC Health Serv Res, 2018, 18(1): 21.
19.	Rafiq MS, Rafiq M, Rafiq MI, et al. Doing pre-operative investigations in emergency department; a clinical audit. Emerg (Tehran), 2017, 5(1): e20.
20.	The Joanna Briggs Institute. Evidence-based clinical fellowships program. Promoting and supporting best practice. Adelaide: The Joanna Briggs Institute, 2006.
21.	郑文燕, 程立宏, 胡雁, 等. 眼部护理循证标准在重症监护患者中的应用. 中华护理杂志, 2012, 47(10): 903-905.
22.	周英凤, 胡雁, 邢唯杰, 等. 证据转化与临床应用培训项目的设计与实施. 护理学杂志, 2018, 33(12): 59-62.
23.	周英凤, 张俊平, 丁焱, 等. 基于循证的产后妇女乳房胀痛的预防和管理. 护理学杂志, 2013, 28(22): 18-20.
24.	顾莺, 胡雁, 张玉侠, 等. 儿科外周静脉留置针维护的最佳证据应用. 护理学杂志, 2014, 29(15): 52-55.
25.	Ogrinc G, Davies L, Goodman D, et al. SQUIRE 2.0(Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence): revised publication guidelines from a detailed consensus process. BMJ Qual Saf, 2016, 25(12): 986-992.
26.	邢唯杰, 朱政, 成磊, 等. 质量改进研究的报告规范—SQUIRE清单介绍及解读. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2018, 13(2): 141-144.
27.	Brouwers M, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREEⅡ: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in healthcare. Can Med Assoc J, 2010, 182: E839-842.
28.	Lord J, Littlejohns P. Evaluating healthcare policies: the case of clinical audit. BMJ, 1997, 315(7109): 668-671.
29.	Jamtvedt G, Young JM, Kristoffersen DT, et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, (2): CD000259.

1. Brook RH. The end of the quality improvement movement: long live improving value. JAMA, 2010, 304(16): 1831-1832.
2. Pearson A, Jordan Z. Evidence-based clinical practice in nursing and health care: assimilating research, experience and expertise. Sydney: Wiley, 2009: 137-153.
3. NHS Centre for Review and Dissemination. Getting evidence into practice. Effective health care. New York: University of York, 1999.
4. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ, 1996, 312(7023): 71-72.
5. Morris ZS, Wooding S, Grant J. The answer is 17 years, what is the question: understanding time lags in translational research. J R Soc Med, 2011, 104(12): 510-520.
6. Burnett AC, Winyard G. Clinical audit at the heart of clinical effectiveness. J Qual Clin Pract, 1998, 18(1): 3-19.
7. Tierney A. Florence nightingale: measuring hospital care outcomes. J Adv Nurs, 2000, 32(1): 265.
8. Department of Health. Working for patients. London: The Stationery Office, 1989.
9. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Principle for best practice in clinical audit. Abingdon: Radcliffe Medical Press, 2002.
10. Boult M, Maddern GJ. Clinical audits: why and for whom. ANZ J Surg, 2007, 77(7): 572-578.
11. Institute of Medicine. Guidelines for clinical practice: from development to use. Washington DC: National Academic Press, 1992.
12. Baker R, Fraser RC. Development of review criteria: linking guidelines and assessment of quality. BMJ, 1995, 311(7001): 370-373.
13. Rosenfield RH, Wilson DC. Change in organizations. Managing organizations. Text, readings and cases (2nd edition). Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill, 1999: 283-298.
14. Robertson N. A systematic approach to managing change. In: Baker R, Hearnshaw H, Robertson N, eds. Implementing change with clinical audit. Chichester: Wiley, 1999: 37-56.
15. Lopez-Campos JL, Asensio-Cruz MI, Castro-Acosta A, et al. Results from an audit feedback strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in-hospital care: a joint analysis from the AUDIPOC and European COPD audit studies. PLoS One, 2014, 9(10): e110394.
16. Francis-Coad J, Etherton-Beer C, Bulsara C, et al. Using a community of practice to evaluate falls prevention activity in a residential aged care organisation: a clinical audit. Aust Health Rev, 2017, 41(1): 13-18.
17. Francis-Code J, Phty M, Etherton-Beer C, et al. Can a web-based community of practice be established and operated to lead falls prevention activity in residential care? Geriatric nursing, 2017, 38(2): 133-140.
18. Francis-Coad J, Etherton-Beer C, Bulsara C, et al. Evaluating the impact of a falls prevention community of practice in a residential aged care setting: a realist approach. BMC Health Serv Res, 2018, 18(1): 21.
19. Rafiq MS, Rafiq M, Rafiq MI, et al. Doing pre-operative investigations in emergency department; a clinical audit. Emerg (Tehran), 2017, 5(1): e20.
20. The Joanna Briggs Institute. Evidence-based clinical fellowships program. Promoting and supporting best practice. Adelaide: The Joanna Briggs Institute, 2006.
21. 郑文燕, 程立宏, 胡雁, 等. 眼部护理循证标准在重症监护患者中的应用. 中华护理杂志, 2012, 47(10): 903-905.
22. 周英凤, 胡雁, 邢唯杰, 等. 证据转化与临床应用培训项目的设计与实施. 护理学杂志, 2018, 33(12): 59-62.
23. 周英凤, 张俊平, 丁焱, 等. 基于循证的产后妇女乳房胀痛的预防和管理. 护理学杂志, 2013, 28(22): 18-20.
24. 顾莺, 胡雁, 张玉侠, 等. 儿科外周静脉留置针维护的最佳证据应用. 护理学杂志, 2014, 29(15): 52-55.
25. Ogrinc G, Davies L, Goodman D, et al. SQUIRE 2.0(Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence): revised publication guidelines from a detailed consensus process. BMJ Qual Saf, 2016, 25(12): 986-992.
26. 邢唯杰, 朱政, 成磊, 等. 质量改进研究的报告规范—SQUIRE清单介绍及解读. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2018, 13(2): 141-144.
27. Brouwers M, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREEⅡ: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in healthcare. Can Med Assoc J, 2010, 182: E839-842.
28. Lord J, Littlejohns P. Evaluating healthcare policies: the case of clinical audit. BMJ, 1997, 315(7109): 668-671.
29. Jamtvedt G, Young JM, Kristoffersen DT, et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, (2): CD000259.

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