Objective To investigate the expressions of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL） and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in human rectal cancer tissues and normal rectal tissues. MethodsThe expressions of TRAIL and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in 31 cases of human rectal cancer tissues and 20 cases of normal rectal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. ResultsThe positive expression rates of TRAIL, DR4 and DcR1 （32.26%， 29.03%， 0） were lower than those of normal rectal tissues （55.00%， 70.00%， 65.00%）, the difference was statistically significant(P=0.015， P=0.000， P=0.000). There were no relation between the expressions of TRAIL, DR4 and DcR1 and clinicopathologic characteristics (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionThe expressions of TRAIL and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in human rectal cancer tissues were lower than those of normal rectal tissues, which may suggest that the apoptotic effect induced by the interaction between TRAIL and its receptors has attenuated in human rectal cancer.
Objective To study the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plasmid on poly frosted-defrosted allogenic nerve transplantation. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups equally. A 2.0 cm sciatic nerve segment, 5 mm away from infrapiriformis muscle space, was removed and the defect was repaired with poly frosteddefrosted allogenic nerve. The TGF-β1 plasmids were injected into the nerve anastomosis and adjacent muscles in the experimental group, normal saline in the control group. The nerve specimens were sectioned for staining in the 6th and 12th weeks . Axonal count and statistical analyses were done. Results The grafted and distal nerve segments showed regenerated fibers in both groups. In the experimental group,less edema and more nerve fibers were observed in the 6th week. The grafted nerve segment was filled with regeneration axons, the myelinated nerve fibers arranged regularly, and the axons and the myelin sheaths developed well in the 12th week. There was significant difference in the number of regenerating axons between the experimental group 98.6±4.8／μm2 and control group 75.8±5.1／μm2 (Plt;0.01). Conclusion Multiple frost-defrost of allogenic nerve can reduce its antigenicity and increase itsusefulness in repairing nerve defects. Local use of TGF-β1 plasmid can enhance immunosuppression to reduce immuno rejection.
Fungal infection is an important clinical problem for patients with immune deficiency or immunosuppression. With deadly fungus infection case increasing, the development of antifungal vaccine attracts the attention of researchers. Dendritic cell (DC) is the unique antigen presenting cell (APC) to trigger the antifungal immune reaction, and recent studies indicate that the targeted vaccination strategy based on DC have prospective antifungal potentials. In this paper, we review the antifungal immunity mechanism and recent development of the targeted DC antifungal strategy.
Objective To investigate the expression of costimulatory molecules, Fas/FasL, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class II antigens in normal ocular tissues. Methods Twelve eyes were obtained from the eye bank of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center within 16 to 24 hours postmortem. Six eyes were used for making the retinal wholemounts, and the tissues (iris and ciliary body, choroid, and retina) of the others were used for making the frozen sections. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on these retinal wholemounts as well as on tissue sections to investigate the exprenion of B7-1 and B7-2 (costimulatory molecules), HLA-DR(MHC class II), CD68 (macrophages), Fas/FasL. Results The results of immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of B7-2, FasL, CD68 and HLA-DR in the iris and ciliary body. Expression of B7-1, FasL, CD 68, and HLA-DR was found in the choroid while HLA-DR, CD68 and FasL were detec table in the retina. Conclusion Expression of costimulatory molecu les, MHC-class II molecules and molecules related to apoptosis is different in the iris, ciliary body, choroid, and retina, which may play an important role in the stability of the immunological microenvironment of these tissues.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：109-112)
Objective To study the effect of splenectomy on the anti-tumor immunity in rats with induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods At the second and fourth month of the induced HCC, the NK cell activity, TNF-α level and total lymphcyte in blood were measured in the group of splenectomy and the control group. Results There were no different in the total lymphcyte and TNF-α in the blood in two groups, but there were significant difference in the NK cell activity between the group of splenectomy and the control group (Ｐ＜0.05). Conclusion There are some change in the anti-tumor immunity after splenectomy in rats, in which NK cell activity is at low level continuously. TNF-α isn′t affected after the second month after splenectomy.
Objective To study the relationship between the expression of p53，bcl-2 and nm23 and clinicopathology in the patients with gastric cancer and to probe the correlation among the expression of three kinds of oncogene.Methods Eighty cases of different differentiated gastric cancer, 37 cases of peri-tumor atypical mucosa hyperplasia and 20 cases of normal gastric mucosa were stained by immunohistochemistry (SP method).The expression of p53,bcl-2 and nm23 was analyzed with their relation to histologic type，differentiation，lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.Results The positive rates of bcl-2 protein expression in mild,middle and severe peritumor atypical hyperplasia were 7.1%, 18.1% and 25.0%. There was no obvious difference among 3 groups (Pgt;0.05). The bcl-2 positive rates of welldifferentiated and poordifferentiated gastric cancer were 78.2% and 48.5% respectively, the difference was obvious (P＜0.05). The positive expression rate of p53 protein in welldifferentiated gastric cancer was 72.5%, obviously lower than that of poordifferentiated gastric cancer (86.2%,P＜0.05). The positive rate of nm23 in welldifferentiated gastric cancer was 84.3%, obviously higher than that of poordifferentiated (17.2%),and the expression rate of nonlymph node metastasis group was higher than that of lymph node metastasis group (P＜0.05). The expression rate of nm23 protein was closely correlated to tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between p53 and bcl-2 expression. Conclusion bcl-2 and p53 can be important indices for tumor differentiation and prognosis. nm23 protein plays an important inhibiting role in the process of gastric cancer metastasis and may be a molecular biological basis for the evaluation of patients prognosis in gastric cancer.
Great progress has been made in immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in recent years. However, for thoracic surgeons, immunotherapy is still a new thing and they lack enough experience. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss some hot issues of immunotherapy, including the indications, side effects, clinical efficacy and evaluation of efficacy. The author hopes that this article will help and attract the attention of thoracic surgeons.