ObjectiveTo review the research advances in molecular biology of vascular restenosis.MethodsThe literatures about molecular biology of vascular restenosis were reviewed.ResultsCurrent transgenic ways had some advantages and disadvantages. Gene therapy with HSV-tk, Rb,p21，p27,p53,c-myc, c-myb, vascular endothelial growth factor,bFGF,platelet derived growth facfor，nuclear factor-κB and so on inhibited vascular restenosis.ConclusionA better transgenic system and gene-combination therapy will be effective to treat vascular restenosis.
Objective The currently pertinent articles about the molecular mechanism of recurrence and metastasis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were reviewed. Methods Literatures that related to the molecular mechanism of the recurrence and metastasis of HCC were summarized retrospectively in this review. Results Several genes, such as the growth factors and the corresponding receptors, the adhesive molecule, and the extracellular matrix and many factors, such as the oxygen supply, tumor angiogenesis and the immune system, all took important roles in the process of recurrence and metastasis of HCC, which involves many steps. Conclusion The study of the recurrence and metastasis of HCC should be emphasized further since early intervening the genes that are related to the recurrence and metastasis may help prevent the recurrence and metastasis of HCC completely, decrease the death rate and improve patients’ life quality in the long term.
Objective To summarize the research progress of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). Method The domestic and international published literatures related to IPMNs in recent years were collected and reviewed． Results Based on the site of tumor involved, IPMNs were classified into main duct, branch duct, and mixed types. According to the histologic features, IPMNs were divided into intestinal, pancreatobiliary, gastric, and oncocytic types. The pathological and clinical presentations of IPMNs were vary, and multiple imaging approaches including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), CT, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) combined with MRI, could display morphologic and functional characteristics of IPMNs. In additon, the risk of malignancy in IPMNs could be evaluated and the functions of some genes (including KRAS, BRAF, GNAS, and so on) in the development process of IPMNs had been confirmed. Conclusion IPMNs is a kind of disease different from other tumors of the pancreas in clinicopathologic features, imaging performance, and molecular biology changes, and how to link the above three aspects needs to be further studied.
Objective To compare the differences of chromosome aberration and Rb 1 gene mutation among 3 cloned cells of SO-Rb50 cell line of retinoblastoma. Methods 1.Three cell cloned strains named MC2, MC3, MC4 were isolated from SO-Rb50. 2. Gbanding and karyotype analysis were performed on the llth passage cells of the 3 cell strains.3.All exons and the promoter region of the Rb gene were detected by PCR-SSCP analysis in tumor cell DNA extracted from the 3 cell strains. Results 1.Both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations could be observed in these 3 cell strains.Several kinds of structural chromosomal aberrations were observed.The chromosome aberrations in the same passage of different cell strains were different.Aberration of chromosome 13 was rare and the aberration feature was different in the 3 cell strains.Five marker chromosomes were identified.M1,t(1;1)qter-p35∷q24-ter could befound in all cell strains.Two of them M4 and M5,have not been reported in SO-Rb50 cell line previously.2.SSCP analysis of exon 24 showed that MC411 and MC3138 had abnormal band. Conclusions The characteristics of heterogeneity of the original tumor cell line SO-Rb50are still kept during a long-term culture in vitro and the cloned strains had dynamic changes during this period.Aberration of chromosome 13 is not the only cause of RB;aberration of chromosome 1,a commom event in some neoplasias as well as in SO-Rb50, plays a meaningful role in the immortalization of this cell line. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 146-148)
Objective To review the research progress of pathological changes of glenohumeral capsule in patients with recurrent shoulder anterior dislocation (RSAD). Methods The literature on shoulder capsules, both domestic and international, was reviewed. The anatomy, histology, and molecular biology characteristics of the glenohumeral capsule in RSAD patients were summarized. Results Anatomically, the glenohumeral capsule is composed of four distinct parts: the upper, lower, anterior, and posterior sections. The thickness of these sections is uneven, and the stability of the capsule is further enhanced by the presence of the glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments. Histologically, the capsule tissue undergoes adaptive changes following RSAD, which improve its ability to withstand stretching and deformation. In the realm of molecular biology, genes associated with the regulation of structure formation, function, and extracellular matrix homeostasis of the shoulder capsule’s collagen fibers exhibit varying degrees of expression changes. Specifically, the up-regulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β receptor 1, lysyl oxidase, and procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 facilitates the repair of the joint capsule, thereby contributing to the maintenance of shoulder joint stability. Conversely, the up-regulation of collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 (COL1A1), COL3A1, and COL5A1 is linked to the recurrence of shoulder anterior dislocation, as these changes reflect the joint capsule’s response to dislocation. Additionally, the expressions of tenascin C and fibronectin 1 may play a role in the pathological processes occurring during the early stages of RSAD. ConclusionGlenohumeral capsular laxity is both a consequence of RSAD and a significant factor contributing to its recurrence. While numerous studies have documented alterations in the shoulder capsule following RSAD, further research is necessary to confirm the specific pathological anatomy, histological, and molecular biological changes involved.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of mucinous breast cancer (MBC). MethodsLiteratures about the recent studies of MBC were reviewed. ResultsMBC was one of special subtype of infiltrating breast cancer. According to the mucus ingredient in the ratio of the mass, MBC was divided into pure mucinous breast cancer (PMBC) and mixed mucinous breast cancer (MMBC). Compared to infiltrating ductal cancer-not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS), MBC showed higher positive expression rates of estrogen receptor (ER) and progestrogen receptor (PR), with reduced lymph node metastasis rate and better prognosis. PMBC had lower lymph node metastasis rate and better outcome than MMBC. ConclusionsThere is significant difference about clinical and pathological characteristics between MBC and IDC-NOS. Researches are generally believed that MBC is an uncommon breast neoplasm which is associated with a good prognosis.