目的 探讨双源CT腰椎检查中低剂量扫描方法及其临床应用价值。 方法 将2011年8月－2012年5月行双源CT腰椎检查的714例患者随机分为7组。均采用管电压120 kV，分别依次采用常规参考管电流量250 mAs和低管电流量240、230、220、210、200、190 mAs，且均采用CARE DOSE技术采集数据。扫描参数：准直器64 mm×0.6 mm，重建层厚0.75 mm，重建间隔0.7 mm，FOV 180～200 mm。采集图像后，测量腰3椎体的CT值及同层面的脊髓的CT值、背脊肌的CT值及噪声；腰5椎体的CT值及同层面的脊髓的CT值、背脊肌的CT值及噪声，并计算腰3、腰5椎体及相应层面脊髓的信噪比(SNR)和其相对于背脊肌的对比噪声比（CNR）。应用统计学软件对不同管电流下的CNR、SNR、盲法评分的数值以及射线剂量指数（CTDI）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）、有效剂量（ED）进行分析。 结果 第1组和第2组比较，图像的背脊肌SD值；腰3、腰5椎体和脊髓的SNR值进行比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。第1组与第3、4、5、6、7组比较，腰3、腰5低管电流量各组间图像的背脊肌SD值；腰3、腰5椎体和脊髓的SNR值与常规管电流量组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。腰3和腰5各组图像的椎体-背脊肌和脊髓-背脊肌CNR值分别行单因素方差分析，结果差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 双源CT腰椎检查时，通过阶段性逐步降低管电流量的方法，使诊断医生逐渐适应低剂量图像质量，从而实现现有设备的低剂量扫描的方法是可行的。对于体质量指数（BMI）≤25 kg/m2的患者，可以采用190 mAs的参考管电流量进行腰椎扫描，不仅降低了患者接受的辐射剂量，同时也能获得满足临床诊断的合格图像，并且保护患者和减小设备损耗。
Objective To investigate the effects of QUE on proliferation and DNA synthesis of cultured retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) cells with or without EGF. Methods With or without EGF, cultured RPE cells were treated with QUE by various concentrations(200,100,50,1mu;mol/L) and with QUE 200mu;mol/L at different times(24-168 hr), cells proliferation and DNA synthesis were evaluated by cell count method and the uptake of thymidine. The viability of cells was determined by trypanblue exclusion. Results The best concentration of QUE which inhibits proliferation and DNA synthesis of PRE cells was 200mu;mol/L. The significant inhibition effect of QUE occurred at 48hr, and the best inhibition of QUE occurred at 96hr. QUE had more powerful effect of antiproliferation on RPE cells, and the viability of RPE cells was over85%. Conclusion The results suggested that QUE could inhibit the proliferation of RPE cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, especially inhibit the proliferation induced by EGF stimulating. QUE had no cyto-toxic effect on RPE cells cultured in vitro. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:27-29)
摘要:目的:了解2007~2008年成都地区17家医院生物制品及生化药品的使用状况。方法:采用限定日剂量(DDD)的方法,对成都地区2007~2008年17家医院生物制品及生化药品的销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)等进行统计分析。结果:2007年、2008年成都地区17家医院生物制品及生化药品销售总额分别为7338万元、9786万元;分别占总销售额的4.83%、5.00%。销售金额进入总销售额排名前100位的生物制品及生化药品有:人血白蛋白、胸腺肽、丙种球蛋白、促白细胞生长素和环磷腺苷。环磷腺苷在生物制品及生化药品中的DDDs最高。结论:生物制品及生化药品的价格及供给对其临床使用有较大的限制。Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the current situation and the trend of biological products and biochemical drugs used in Chengdu city in 2007 to 2008. Methods: Consumption of biological products and biochemical drugs used in 17 hospitals of Chengdu city in 2007 to 2008 were analyzed by the way of sum DDD and DDDs ranking. Results: The total cost of the biological products and biochemical drugs used in Chengdu city in was 73.38 and 97.86 million yuan in 2007 to 2008, it accounted for 4.83% and 5.00% of the total cost. Human serum albumin, thymosin, gamma globulin, interleukin promoting growth hormone and adenosine cyclophosphate were the drugs in the first 100 cost list. The DDDs of adenosine cyclophosphate was highest among biological products and biochemical drugs. Conclusion: The cost and supply of biological products and biochemical drugs were great limitations of their clinical application.
ObjectiveTo compare the X-ray projection doses during leadless pacemaker implantation and conventional single chamber ventricular pacemaker (VVI) implantation. MethodsThis study included all patients who underwent leadless pacemaker implantation and VVI pacemaker implantation performed by the same principal investigator team using the same digital subtraction angiography (DSA) machine in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from August 3rd, 2018 to February 18th, 2020. Among the enrolled patients, 27 who underwent leadless pacemaker implantation were included in the case group, whereas 38 who underwent conventional VVI implantation were included in the control group. Data regarding the intraoperative dose area product (DAP), air kerma (AK), duration of X-ray fluoroscopy, number of exposed sequences on the film, total number of frames on the film, operation time, and BMI were collected to investigate the causes of the differences. ResultsThe case group received a higher X-ray projection dose than the control group, and there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of DAP, AK, duration of X-ray fluoroscopy, the number of exposed sequences on the film, the total number of frames on the film, and operation time (P<0.05). ConclusionPatients who underwent leadless pacemaker implantation are exposed to more radiation than those who underwent conventional VVI implantation.
目的：了解2007年成都地区17家医院间心血管系统药物的使用状况。方法：采用限定日剂量(DDD)的方法，对成都地区2007年17家医院中心血管系统用药的销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)等进行统计分析。结果：2007年成都地区17家医院心血管系统用药总金额为13 753.86万元，占所有药物销售总额的9.05%。在金额排序和用药频度排序前列中，主要包括中药制剂、钙离子拮抗剂等，中药制剂类产品也销售状况良好。结论：中药制剂发挥巨大作用，依从性好、不良反应发生率低、疗效确切的药物已成为临床医师治疗心血管疾病的首选。
Dose-response relationship model has been widely used in epidemiology studies, as well as in evidence-based medicine area. In dose-response meta-analysis, the results are highly depended on the raw data. However, many primary studies did not provide sufficient data and led the difficulties in data analysis. The efficiency and response rate of collecting the raw data from original authors were always low, thus, evaluating and transforming the missing data is very important. In this paper, we summarized several types of missing data, and introduced how to estimate the missing data and transform the effect measure using the existed information.