【摘要】 目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）的发生率及危险因素。 方法 收集2007年12月-2008年12月在四川省人民医院、成都市妇幼保健院、成都市妇产科医院住院的85例体重≤2 000 g或有严重疾病的早产儿,自出生后4~6周或矫正胎龄32周开始筛查，至周边视网膜血管化。 结果 85例早产儿中，有9例发生ROP，发病率10.58%。其中出生体重lt;1 500 g的早产儿ROP发病率为17.07%，孕周lt;30周的早产儿ROP发病率为40%。 结论 低体重、胎龄小、吸氧为早产儿发生ROP的重要危险因素；尽早进行眼底筛查是早期发现、诊断及治疗ROP的关键。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the occurrence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods A total of 85 premature infants were enrolled from Sichuan provincial people′s hospital, Chengdu maternal and child health hospital, and Chengdu obstetric and gynecology hospital. The infants were born between December 2007 and December 2008, with a birth weight less than 2 000 g. The ocular funds examination was carried out four to six weeks after the birth or at the 32nd week of the corrected gestational age;the infants were followed up until the retina was entirely vascularized. Results ROP was found in 9 of the 85 premature infants, with a percentage of 10.58%. About 17.07% premature infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g and 40% infants with a gestational age shorter than 30 weeks had ROP. Conclusions A lower birth weight, a shorter gestational age and oxygen usage are the risk factors of ROP. It′s important to examine the ocular fundus in premature infants as early as possible so as to identify, diagnose and treat ROP at an early stage.
Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019, and to explore the influence of age, period and cohort on the incidence and mortality of asthma. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, the incidence and mortality of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed, and the time variation trend of age-standardized incidence and mortality was analyzed by using Joinpoint software, and the average annual variation percentage was calculated. The age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the influence of age, period and birth cohort on the incidence and mortality trend of asthma. Results In 2019, the incidence of asthma in China was 264.44/100 000, and the mortality rate was 1.74/100 000. The incidence rate of asthma in males (300.94/100 000) and mortality rate (1.99/100 000) were higher than those in females (226.51/100 000 and 1.49/100 000). From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence of asthma in China showed a downward trend, but the trend was not statistically significant (P>0. 05), and the age-standardized mortality showed a downward trend, with an average annual decrease of 4.90%, with a statistically significant trend (P<0.05). The results of age effect showed that the incidence of asthma in China showed a downward trend, and the death first showed a downward trend, and then increased in the age group of 55-59. The results of period effect show that the risk of asthma is decreasing, and then it is increasing from 2015 to 2019, and the risk of asthma mortality is decreasing. The results of cohort effect show that the later people are born, the lower the risk of asthma onset and death. The death of asthma is attributed to behavioral risk, high body mass index and tobacco, and the occupational risk tends to decrease. ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, the incidence and mortality of asthma in China showed a decreasing trend, and the incidence and mortality of men were higher than that of women. The risk factors of behavioral risk, high body mass index and tobacco were still on the rise, so corresponding measures should be taken to carry out early screening, early detection, and early treatment for key populations.
Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of acute viral hepatitis in China, project its trends from 2022 to 2030, and provide valuable insights for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis. Methods The incidence and mortality rates of acute viral hepatitis in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. The change rates and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for each indicator were calculated. Additionally, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to project the incidence and mortality of acute viral hepatitis in China from 2022 to 2030. Results From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rates of acute hepatitis A (AHA), acute hepatitis B (AHB), acute hepatitis C (AHC), and acute hepatitis E (AHE) in China all showed a declining trend (EAPC=−1.980%, −2.664%, −2.078%, −1.686%; P<0.05), with a particularly marked decrease in mortality (EAPC=−11.662%, −7.411%, −12.541%, −7.504%; P<0.05). According to ARIMA model projections, the incidence rates of AHA and AHB were expected to continue declining from 2022 to 2030, while the incidence rates of AHC and AHE were expected to rise. In 2030, the projected incidence rates of AHA, AHB, AHC, and AHE were 890.425/100000, 824.158/100000, 59.202/100000, and 300.377/100000, respectively. The mortality rates of AHA, AHC, and AHE were projected to remain stable from 2022 to 2030, while the mortality rate of AHB was expected to decline. In 2030, the projected mortality rates of AHA, AHB, AHC, and AHE were 0.002/100000, 0/100000, 0.004/100000, and 0.011/100000, respectively. Conclusions From 1990 to 2021, the overall incidence and mortality of acute viral hepatitis in China showed a downward trend. However, the incidence rates of AHC and AHE may present an upward trend in the future, which suggests that the government and relevant health authorities should adjust their prevention and control strategies in a timely manner.
ObjectiveTo explore whether the vaginal environment changes of pregnant women were correlated with pathogenesis of fungal vaginitis. MethodsWe selected 166 women in their early pregnancy in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic between July 2011 and July 2012 as the study objects (excluding fungal vaginitis patients already confirmed). Two important indicators of changes in pH and the amount of vaginal lactobacilli were chosen to determine changes in the vaginal environment. Using prospective study method, by checking changes in the vaginal environment, the objects were divided into two groups: 96 were in the changing environment group, and 70 were in the normal environment group. Sixty seven of them had a pH value lower or equal to 4.0, and 99 higher than 4.0. Fifty-eight of them had a reduced amount of lactobacillus, and 108 had a normal amount of lactobacillus. The rate of fungal vaginitis in each group was counted. ResultsThe morbidity rate in patients whose pH value was lower than or equal to 4.0 was 17.9% (12/67), while it was 6.1% (6/99) in patients with a pH value higher than 4.0, and the difference was significant (χ2=5.804, P=0.016). The morbidity rate in patients with a reduced amount of lactobacillus was 25.9% (15/58), and it was 2.8% (3/108) in patients with normal lactobacillus, and the difference was also significant (χ2=20.800, P=0.000). The morbidity rate for patients with changing vaginal environment was 16.7% (16/96), and for those with normal environment was 2.9% (2/70), and the difference was significant (χ2=7.985, P=0.005). In those with normal lactobacillus, the reduction of pH value was not correlated with the occurrence of fungal vaginitis (χ2=0.000, P=1.000). ConclusionThe vaginal environment changes during pregnancy (pH value decrease and Lactobacillus decrease) are associated with the incidence of fungal vaginitis, and it can be prevented and treated based on this phenomenon.
目的：分析我院近10年来异位妊娠发生率、发病年龄、诊断和治疗。方法：以5年为一个时间段回顾分析我院1997年1月至2006年12月异位妊娠发生率、发病年龄、诊断和治疗。结果：我院1997年1月至2006年12月共收治异位妊娠740例。异位妊娠数与同期宫内妊娠数之比，由1997年1月至2001年12月的1∶23.99上升为2002年1月至2006年12月的1∶11.60（P＜0.01）。≤25岁异位妊娠的发病率由1997年至2001年的14.7%上升到2002年至2006年的289%，其中≤20岁妇女及合并不孕者有增多趋势。异位妊娠的早期诊断率增高，发生异位妊娠破裂者由1997年至2001年的120例（45.3%）下降至2002年至2006年的85例（17.9%）（P＜0.01）。经腹行输卵管切除仍为主要治疗手段，但腹腔镜手术及保守性手术逐渐增多，非手术治疗明显增多。结论：异位妊娠发生率呈上升趋势，发病年龄年轻化，近年早期诊断率增高，减少误诊及异位妊娠破裂发生，经腹手术仍为主要治疗手段，但腹腔镜和保守治疗上升。
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathologic and epidemiological characteristics of patients with gastric cancer at our hospital in the past six years． Methods A total of 958 patients with gastric cancer were selected from January 2004 to December 2009 and clinicopathologic characteristics such as basic data, pathological type, tumor location, and TNM stage were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsOf the 958 patients，697 cases (72.8%) were male and 261 cases (27.2%) were female, and the age ranged from 26 to 91 years old (mean 62.6 years old). The occurrence rate of gastric cancer was higher in the patients of 46-65 years old (49.4%, 473/958) than that in the patients of ≥66 years old (42.3%, 405/958) and ≤45 years old (8.3%, 80/958). Regarding pathologic type, the majority of advanced gastric cancers (70.1%) were Borrmann Ⅱ, the adenocarcinoma and signetring cell carcinoma accounted for 82.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The cancer of gastric cardia accounted for 53.0%. Stagestratified analysis revealed that the majority of gastric cancers (47.4%) were stage Ⅲ. Conclusion①A prevalence of gastric cancer is found in middle, elderly male patients. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in cardia is prominent. ②Patients with high malignant ganstrie cancer are younger. ③The majority of patients who underwent the surgical treatments have advanced or metastatic tumor, therefore it is necessary to improve the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic trend of thyroid cancer in China from 2005 to 2018, and understand the estimated epidemiological situation of thyroid cancer in China in 2022 based on the thyroid cancer registration data reported by the National Cancer Registration Center and the China Cancer Registration Annual Report. MethodsThe cases of new thyroid cancer and deaths in China were analyzed according to the data of approximately 700 cancer registries in 2018 and the data of 106 cancer registries from 2005 to 2018, then stratified by sex, age, urban and rural areas, and main regions in China. And the estimated incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China in 2022 were analyzed based on the population data in 2020. Results① The age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age standardized mortality (ASMR) of thyroid cancer in China from 2005 to 2018: in the whole population, the ASIR showed a relatively rapid upward trend and the ASMR showed a relatively slower upward trend; The ASIR and ASMR of men were lower than those of women and the trend of change was also slower than that of women; The ASIR of thyroid cancer in the whole urban population was markedly higher than that in the rural population and the average annual rising rate (AARR) in the urban and rural areas was 6.31% and 0.38% respectively, while the ASMR had no obviously difference between the urban and rural populations (the AARR was 3.23% and 2.33% respectively); The ASIR of thyroid cancer was the highest in the eastern region with a markedly rising, but its ASMR had a relatively lower rising rate, while the ASIR in the western region was relatively lower and the ASMR also showed a downward trend, and the ASMR in the central region had a relatively obvious rising rate. ② The estimated incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China in 2022: the estimated ASIR and ASMR of the whole population in 2022 was still rising as compared with in 2018 (ASIR: 24.64 per 100 000 vs. 12.01 per 100 000; ASMR: 0.45 per 100 000 vs. 0.37 per 100 000 ); The estimated ASIR and ASMR in women were still much higher than in men (ASIR: 36.51 per 100 000 vs. 13.25 per 100 000; ASMR: 0.55 per 100 000 vs. 0.35 per 100 000); Among the urban and rural populations, the estimated ASIR in urban was still higher than in rural areas (27.87 per 100 000 vs. 17.66 per 100 000), while the estimated ASMR had no marked difference between them (0.41 per 100 000 vs. 0.52 per 100 000). Compared with 2018, the development trend of the ASIR was still rising (urban: 27.87 per 100 000 vs. 15.58 per 100 000; rural: 17.66 per 100 000 vs. 8.95 per 100 000). The age specific ASIR of thyroid cancer showed a marked sex differences, that is, it began to rise rapidly from the 20–30 years old group, and reached the peak at the 45–50 years old group (the highest ASIR was 97.00 per 100 000) in women; However, which had been in a slower upward trend from the 0 to 20 years old group, while it had been rising rapidly from the 20 to 25 years old group, reaching the peak at the 30–35 years old group (the highest ASIR was 31.60 per 100 000) in men. The overall trend of age specific ASMR for thyroid cancer was similar for both males and females, with a slower increase starting from the 0–35 years old age group and continuous rising till 85 years old and above. ConclusionsThe incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China are rising, and the disease burden is still severe and the differences are existed in urban and rural areas, sex, age, and main regions. Overall, the prevention and control situation is complex and severe in China.
Objective To analyze the epidemic trend of prostate cancer in China from 1992 to 2021, and predict its epidemic trends from 2022 to 2032. Methods Based on the data of Chinese population and prostate cancer incidence and mortality from Global Burden of Disease Database, the Joinpoint log-linear model was used to analyze the trends of prostate cancer incidence and mortality, use the age-period-cohort model to analyze the effects of age, period and cohort on changes in incidence and mortality, and the gray prediction model was used to predict the trends of prostate cancer. Results From 1992 to 2021, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China showed an upward trend, with AAPC of 5.652% (P<0.001) and 3.466% (P<0.001), and the AAPC of age-standardized incidence decreased to 1.990% (P<0.001), the age-standardized mortality showed a downward trend and was not statistically significant. The results of the age-period-cohort model showed that the net drift values of prostate cancer incidence and mortality were 3.03% and −1.06%, respectively, and the risk of incidence and mortality gradually increased with age and period. The results of the grey prediction model showed that the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer showed an upward trend from 2022 to 2032, and the incidence trend was more obvious. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China showed an increasing trend, with a heavy disease burden and severe forms of prevention and control, so it is necessary to do a good job in monitoring the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer, and strengthen the efficient screening, early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the trend of tuberculosis among Chinese students. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the incidence and trend of tuberculosis among students in China from inception to August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software. ResultsA total of 97 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the overall incidence of tuberculosis among students in China was 18.63 per 100 000 persons. The incidence in the northwest, south, northeast, north, east, central, and southwest 46.81, 11.22, 24.38, 12.77, 12.03, 18.95, and 39.26 per 100 000 persons, respectively. The incidence among university students, senior high school students, junior school students, and primary school students 38.17, 33.84, 8.85, and 1.68 per 100 000 persons, respectively. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of tuberculosis among students in China is high. Among them, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the central and western regions, universities and high school students is relatively high.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trends of incidence, mortality, and burden of disease of cervical cancer in Chinese females from 1990 to 2019.MethodsThe global burden of disease database (GBD) and China health statistics yearbook data was used to analyze the incidence, standardized incidence, mortality, standardized mortality, urban and rural mortality, and burden of cervical cancer among Chinese females using Excel, SPSS 21.0 and Joinpoint Regression Program 4.8.0.1.ResultsThe standardized incidence of cervical cancer among Chinese females increased from 9.21/100 000 in 1990 to 12.06/100 000 in 2019, and the standardized mortality decreased from 8.40/100 000 to 7.36/100 000. The standardized mortality of cervical cancer in 2018 decreased when compared with 2015 in both urban and rural areas. Changes in age-group incidence and mortality indicated that there was a younger trend in cervical cancer. The disease burden indicators (DALY, YLL, and YLD) were increased from 86.49, 84.01, and 1.52 ten thousand person/years to 162.22, 157.40, and 4.83 ten thousand person/years, in which the YLD increased the most (217.76%). The APC of DALY, YLL and YLD were 2.39%, 2.56% and 4.25%, respectively. The proportion of cervical cancer disease burden in female cancer increased in 2019 compared with 1990. And DALY, YLL and YLD increased in the age group of 40 or over, in which DALY of the age group 50-54 increased 167.15%.ConclusionsThe situation of cervical cancer is not optimistic in China. Although the mortality of cervical cancer has decreased in recent years, the number of cases and mortalities is still increasing. Not only the burden of disease is continuously increasing, there is also a younger trend in cervical cancer. Active preventive measures should be taken to reduce the burden of cervical cancer.