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Followup Study on the Growth of Anastomotic Stoma after Arteries Switch Operation

Objective To analyze the growth of anastomotic stoma of aortic(AO) and pulmonary artery (PA) after arteries switch operation(ASO) so as to assess the longterm efficacy of ASO . Methods The data of 331 patients who had undergone ASO in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center of Jiaotong University from December 1999 to December 2007 was analysed retrospectively. One hundred eleven patients had complete transposition of great arteries complicated with intact ventricular septum(TGA/IVS), 123 had complete transposition of great arteries complicated with ventricular septal defect(TGA/VSD), 73 had TaussigBing complicated with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension, and 24 underwent StageSwitch. Of the 331 patients 228 were followedup, and the followup time was 20.4±18.6 months. There were 752 ultrasonic cardiograph reports, 3.3per patient on average. The growth of anastomosis was analysed according to the diameters of AO and PA. Results The AO and PA anastomosis diameters of TGA/IVS patients（before discharge 0.74±0.17 cm and 0.65±0.13 cm, latest followup 1.09±0.31cm and 0.84±0.21 cm）, TGA/VSD patients (before discharge 0.76±0.20 cm and 0.63±0.14 cm, latest followup 1.09±0.24 cm and 0.82±0.22 cm) and TaussigBing patients（before discharge 0.84±0.25 cm and 0.74±0.20 cm, latest followup 1.05±0.30 cm and 0.85±0.24 cm） growed significantly（Plt;0.05）. The AO anastomotic stoma diameters of patients who had underwent StageSwtich (before discharge 0.93±0.19 cm, latest followup 1.19±0.29 cm) growed significantly（Plt;0.05）. The PA anastomotic stoma diameter growed（before discharge 0.90±0.27 cm, latest followup 1.00±0.32 cm）, but had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). Till November 2008, Six patients needed reoperation because of the right or left ventricle outflow tract obstruction. After reoperation, 3 had no residual obstruction, 3 had residual obstruction. Conclusion After the section and suture of ASO, aortic and pulmonary artery can grow with age, but sometimes stenosis happens to some patients. During the followingup, some patients need reoperation.

Surgical treatment of infants with transposition of the great arteries and intramural coronary artery

ObjectiveTo summarize the surgical experience of infants with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and intramural coronary artery (IMCA) in our center, and analyze the early and mid-term outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 384 infants with TGA undergoing arterial switch operation (ASO) from June 2010 to December 2018 at Fuwai Hospital. According to operative records, 21 (5.5%) infants had IMCA, among whom 20 were males, with a median age of 33 (9-319) d. Coronary transfer using double coronary buttons with unroofed intramural course was performed in all 21 infants.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the early mortality after ASO between infants with IMCA and infants with normal coronary anatomy (9.5% vs. 3.0%, P=0.15). In the IMCA group, 2 dead patients presented inadequate coronary artery perfusion after first aortic unclamping. In addition, 1 patient underwent extracorporeal membrane pulmonary support for myocardial dysfunction. The follow-up was available for all 19 survivors, with an average follow-up time of 29.0-120.0 (74.8±27.3) months. During the follow-up, all patients had no obvious symptoms, death, reoperation, or coronary complications. One patient developed moderate pulmonary valve regurgitation and another patient developed distal stenosis of the right pulmonary artery.ConclusionFor infants with TGA and IMCA, coronary transfer using double coronary buttons with unroofed intramural course is a safe and reliable technique, with satisfactory early and mid-term outcomes.

Comparative study of rapid and long-term two-stage arterial switch operation in treatment of transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septal

ObjectiveTo summarize the experience of surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septal (TGA-IVS) after left ventricular regression by comparing the characteristics of rapid and long-term two-stage arterial switch operation (ASO).MethodsForty-one patients who were mainly diagnosed with TGA-IVS from January 2007 to January 2019 and underwent two-stage ASO were included. They were divided into a rapid two-stage ASO group (19 patients) and a long-term two-stage ASO group (22 patients) according to the interval of left ventricular training surgery and ASO. The clinical effectiveness of the two groups was compared.ResultsThere was a statistical difference in age, body weight, blood oxygen saturation before ASO, end diastolic diameter of left ventricle before training, and thickness of posterior left ventricular wall before ASO (P<0.05). Children older than 1 year was an independent risk factor for long-term two-stage ASO.ConclusionLong-term two-stage ASO is suitable for children who are older than 1 year and who have severe left ventricular regression.

Long-term outcome and risk factor analysis of tricuspid valve replacement for adult patients with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term clinical effect and risk factors of tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) as a relief treatment for adult patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great artery (CCTGA).Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 47 adult patients with CCTGA who underwent tricuspid valve replacement in Fuwai Hospital between 2000 and 2017 year. There were 27 males and 20 females with operation age of 14–62 (38.8±13.5) years. Preoperative echocardiography showed moderate or more tricuspid regurgitation in all patients. The basic data of patients before and during operation were recorded. Survival was followed up by telephone and ultrasound report.ResultsThe average follow-up time was 6.5±3.7 years. The 1-year, 5-year and 10-year survival rate or the incidence of heart transplant-free was 94.6%, 90.5% and 61.7%, respectively. During the follow-up period, the long-term right ventricular ejection fraction of most patients (>90%) was still greater than or equal to 40%. Increased preoperative right ventricular end diastolic diameter (RVEDD) was a risk factor for death or heart transplantation (risk ratio 1∶11, P=0.04). The survival rate of patients with RVEDD (>60 mm) before operation was significantly reduced (P=0.032).ConclusionTVP is a feasible treatment for adult patients with CCTGA. The increase of preoperative RVEDD is a risk factor for long-term mortality.

主动脉弓离断合并完全性大动脉转位一例

体外膜式氧合在大动脉转位术后心室功能恢复与训练中的应用

摘要： 目的 评价体外膜式氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO）支持在婴幼儿大动脉错位（TGA）患者大动脉转位术（ASO）后心室功能恢复和适应性训练的临床结果及可行性。 方法 2005年1月至2008年8月，北京阜外心血管病医院7例TGA患者接受ASO后需要ECMO支持，其中男3例，女4例；年龄3周～14个月。ASO后心室不能适应新的血流动力学和/或合并心功能受损，采用静脉-动脉-ECMO辅助，占同期小儿先天性心脏病患者术后应用ECMO的36.84%（7/19）。插管途径为经胸右心房引流,升主动脉灌注；采用ECMO 系统为：Biomedicu(Medtronic)4例, Jostra 2例，Medos 1例；辅助流量20～100 ml/kg。 结果 7例患者平均转流时间174 h（64~266 h）,心室训练时间平均96 h。4例成功脱离ECMO，脱机率5714%（4/7）; 3例出院。死亡4例，其中3例不能脱离ECMO直接死亡，死亡原因为肾功能衰竭1例，出血1例，多器官功能衰竭1例；1例在脱离ECMO后6 d感染死亡。 结论 ECMO能为TGA患者ASO后心功能的恢复和左心室适应性训练提供有效的支持。

The myocardial protection of HTK versus del Nido cardioplegia solutions in neonates with surgeries for transposition of the great arteries : A propensity score matching study

ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the effect of myocardial protection between HTK and del Nido cardioplegia solutions in neonates with surgeries for transposition of the great arteries. MethodsThe clinical data of 208 neonates with complete transposition of the great arteries in our institution from 2014 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the cardioplegia solutions utilized in the operations, the patients were divided into two groups: a HTK group and a del Nido group. Propensity score matching was conducted to eliminate the biases. The cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamping time, total amount of cardioplegia solutions, transfusion frequency of cardioplegia, ICU stay time, mechanical support time, inotropic score, hospital stay, left ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal proBNP and troponin I were compared and analyzed between the two groups after matching. ResultsAfter 1:1 propensity score matching, a total of 54 patients were analyzed with 27 patients in each group. In the HTK group, there were 22 males and 5 females with a median age of 7.0 (2.0, 11.0) d. In the del Nido group, there were 23 males and 4 females with a median age of 8.0 (3.0, 11.0) d. A total of 3 children died after the surgery: 2 (7.4%) patients in the HTK group and 1 (3.7%) patient in the del Nido group. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality between the two groups (P=1.000). The total amount of cardioplegia solutions in the HTK group was significantly higher than that of del Nido group (P<0.001). Transfusion frequency of cardioplegia in del Nido group was significantly higher than that of the HTK group (P=0.043). There was no significant difference in the postoperative ICU time, mechanical support time, length of hospital stay, inotropic score, left ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor or troponin I between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionFor neonates with surgeries for complete transposition of the great arteries, HTK cardioplegia solutions can provide effective and safe myocardial protection, which is similar to del Nido cardioplegia solutions.

135例动脉转位术患者围手术期监护

目的 总结动脉转位术（ASO）围手术期监护的经验，为提高其疗效提供借鉴。 方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年6月广东省人民医院收治的135例完全型大动脉转位（TGA）患者行ASO的临床资料，男110例，女25例；手术时日龄1～160 d（27.24±26.49 d），体重2.4~5.0 kg（3.52±0.66 kg）。室间隔完整61例，室间隔缺损74例。术前动态监测血乳酸水平，纠正心功能不全，对98例（72.59%）明显低氧血症患者给予持续静脉注射前列腺素E1［PGE1，2~200 ng/（kg·min）］。手术在低温体外循环下施行，同期矫治合并畸形。术后严密监测凝血指标、左心功能，以间歇指令通气+容量保证通气（SIMV+VG）模式进行呼吸支持。22例术后应用PGE1［4~20 ng/（kg·min）］。 结果 全组体外循环时间36~423 min（189.20±59.94 min），主动脉阻断时间0~219 min（120.07±31.09 min），118例术后即时血氧饱和度95%~100%。术后机械通气时间24~792 h（168.24±154.80 h），总住院时间1~89 d（30.31±17.21 d）。生存108例，死亡27例（20.00%），主要死亡原因为低心排血量综合征。2001~2003年病死率为50.00%，2004~2006年为36.36%，2007~2009年后为8.43%，明显下降（χ2=18.323，Plt;0.001）。术后并发症：感染30例（22.22%），肺不张35例（25.93%）；心电图检查示：STT改变50例（37.04%），心律失常44例（32.59%）；超声心动图提示：吻合口狭窄36例（26.67%），肺动脉狭窄33例（24.44%）。 结论 ASO应用于TGA手术效果良好，除手术、麻醉操作外，术前维持内环境稳定、控制血乳酸水平，术后注意呼吸管理、维护左心功能是成功的关键。

老年先天性矫正型大动脉转位行心瓣膜置换术一例

Mid and Long Term Outcomes of the Morphologic Tricuspid Valve Replacement for Patients with Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

Objective To investigate the surgical indications and the mid and long term results of morphologic tricuspid valve replacement for corrected transposition of the great arteries（cTGA）. Methods From September 1997 to September 2007, 18 cases with cTGA were treated in Fu Wai Hospital. There were 15 male and 3 female, aged from 16 to 51 years（33.3±12.8 years）, and weighed from 47 to 90 kg(60.9±14.7 kg). There were 10 cases with isolated morphologic tricuspid valve insufficiency, 3 complicated with ventricular septal defect, 2 complicated with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve stenosis, 2 with morphologic tricuspid valve insufficiency after septal defect repair, and 1 with mechanical valve dysfunction after morphologic tricuspid valve replacement. The preoperative mean morphologic right ventricle ejection fraction was 562%±11.6%. Of the 18 cases, 12 were in grade Ⅱ and 6 were in grade Ⅲ according to New York Heart classification（NYHA）.All the cases had undergone morphologic tricuspid valve replacement. Postoperative indices such as cardiac function and morphological right ventricle ejection fraction were followed up. Results One patient died of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. Two had pervavlvular leak, which were cured by pervavlvular leak repair at 7th and 30th day after operation, respectively. Sixteen were followed up with a followup time of 57.0±407 months. There was no statistical significance between preoperative and postoperative mean morphologic right ventricle ejection fraction（52.8%±9.2% vs.56.2%±11.6%; t=2.062, Pgt;0.05）. The followup showed that 12 were in NYHA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ, and 4 were in NYHA grade Ⅲ. There was no statistical significance between preoperative and postoperative percentage of cases in NYHA grade Ⅲ（χ2=1.532，Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion Morphologic tricuspid valve replacement can prevent the further damage to morphologic right ventricular function caused by morphologic tricuspid valve insufficiency. The mid and long term results were satisfying. During the followup, the morphologic right ventricle can function appropriately.