ObjectiveTo systematically review the trend of tuberculosis among Chinese students. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the incidence and trend of tuberculosis among students in China from inception to August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software. ResultsA total of 97 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the overall incidence of tuberculosis among students in China was 18.63 per 100 000 persons. The incidence in the northwest, south, northeast, north, east, central, and southwest 46.81, 11.22, 24.38, 12.77, 12.03, 18.95, and 39.26 per 100 000 persons, respectively. The incidence among university students, senior high school students, junior school students, and primary school students 38.17, 33.84, 8.85, and 1.68 per 100 000 persons, respectively. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of tuberculosis among students in China is high. Among them, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the central and western regions, universities and high school students is relatively high.
目的 了解5.12汶川大地震24个月后震区小学生的心理健康状况，为进行震后长期心理危机干预提供依据。 方法 于2010年5月即汶川大地震发生后24个月，分别使用创伤应激量表儿童版（CRIES-13）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）、长处与困难问卷（SDQ）学生版，调查了553名来自于彭州灾区的小学生的心理健康状况及其影响因素。 结果 ① 灾区小学生CRIES-13总分为（22.98 ± 12.29）分，其中大于划界分（30分）者为143人，占总人数的25.9%；女性总分高于男性（Z=?2.031，P=0.042）；震后被转移至安全地点的时间越长（OR=1.025，P=0.012）、家人伤亡越严重（OR=1.141，P=0.021），其CRIES-13总分大于划界分的可能性越高。② 灾区小学生DSRSC总分为（11.07 ± 5.78）分，其中总分大于划界分（15分）者为120人，占总人数的21.7%；女性总分高于男性（Z=?2.508，P=0.012）；灾区小学生的年龄（r=0.098，P=0.021）、震后被转移至安全地点的时间（r=0.117，P=0.004）与DSRSC总分呈正相关。③ 灾区小学生SDQ总困难因子得分为（14.97 ± 5.44）分，62.9%的人报告自身存在主观困难；女性的情绪因子、亲社会因子得分高于男性（Z=?3.123，P=0.002；Z=?2.243，P=0.025）；年龄越大，品行因子（χ2=7.604，P=0.023）、亲社会因子（χ2=8.102；P=0.017）得分增加。 结论 震后灾区小学生的心理健康状况受到性别、年龄、震后被转移至安全地点的时间、家人伤亡程度的影响，震后长期心理危机干预应综合考虑这些相关因素以确定高危人群。
Modern medical education faces multiple challenges, and there is a gap between the social needs and the methods of cultivating medical talents. The current undergraduate education in clinical medicine is subject centered, and the traditional model is difficult to cultivate students’ clinical abilities, practical skills, and research thinking effectively. Therefore, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University has proposed a new education model of “Four-Early and Three-Entry”, aiming to cultivate students’ professional ethics, clinical abilities, and scientific research innovation abilities through early clinical practice, scientific research participation, and social integration. This article will introduce the practice and preliminary results of the “Four-Early and Three-Entry” model, aiming to provide effective ways to improve the quality of medical undergraduate education and cultivate more comprehensive medical professionals.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of tessellation fundus (TF) among Tianjin Medical University students with different refractive statuses. MethodsA cross-sectional study. From September to December 2019, 346 students from Tianjin Medical University were randomly selected and underwent slit-lamp examination, non-cycloplegic auto-refraction, subjective refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, ocular biometric measurement, and non-dilation fundus photography. The differences in the prevalence of TF in basic characteristics and ocular biometric parameters were compared. Based on the equivalent spherical (SE), refractive status was divided into the non-myopia group (SE＞－0.50 D) and the myopia group (SE≤－0.50 D). The myopia group was further divided into mild myopia group (－3.00 D＜SE≤－0.50 D), moderate myopia group (－6.00 D＜SE≤－3.00 D), and high myopia group (SE≤－6.00 D). According to the axis length (AL), the subjects were divided into AL＜24 mm group, 24-26 mm group, and ＞26 mm group. The logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting TF. Trend tests were performed for each risk factor and TF. ResultsOf the 346 subjects, 324 (93.6%, 324/346) were myopia, of whom 73 (21.1%, 73/346), 167 (48.3%, 167/346), and 84 (24.3%, 84/346) were mild myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia, respectively; 22 (6.4%, 22/346) were non-myopia. There were 294 (85.0%, 294/346) students with TF in the macula, including 9 (40.91%, 9/22), 58 (79.45%, 58/73), 145 (86.83%, 145/167), and 82 (97.62%, 82/84) in non-myopia, low myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia group, respectively; 52 (15.0%, 52/346) students were without TF in the macula. There were statistically significant gender differences (χ2=4.47), SE (t=6.29), AL (t=－8.29), anterior chamber depth (Z=－2.62), lens thickness (Z=－2.23), and average corneal radius (Z=－3.58) between students with and without TF in the macula (P＜0.05). Spherical equivalent and axial length were independent risk factors for TF and its severity (P≤0.001). With an increasing degree of myopia, and increasing axial length, the risk of TF increased (P for trend＜0.001). ConclusionsThe prevalence of TF is 85.0% among Tianjin Medical University students. TF is detected in the fundus of no myopia, mild myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia. The degree of myopia is higher, the AL is longer, the possibility of TF is higher.
【摘要】 目的 了解在校大学生的自杀倾向及其危险因素，为自杀行为的早期干预提供依据。 方法 2010年10—11月，采用贝克绝望量表以及自编的一般资料问卷对在校大学生进行现场调查，对自杀倾向的影响因素进行单因素与多因素分析。 结果 自杀倾向总检出率为14.9%，单因素分析显示女性、低年级、成绩差、来自县城、独生子女、非班干部、父母职业为知识分子、父母文化程度为大学及以上的大学生自杀倾向发生率明显高于其他；通过Logistic多元回归分析筛选出来与自杀倾向相关的危险因素有一年级、来自城市及县城、家庭收入低。 结论 在校大学生自杀问题应引起足够重视，关注特殊群体，有效预防自杀行为发生。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the prevalence of suicidal tendency and its related risk factors in undergraduates and provide the basis for early intervention to prevent suicide. Methods The undergraduates were investigated by Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and self-made questionnaire in this study. Results The generalized prevalence of suicidal tendency was 14.9%. Female, freshman, bad grades, coming from county or one-child family, non class leader, parents’ occupations as intellectuals and parents having a cultural degree of university and above were high risk factors for suicidal tendency. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that risk factors for suicidal tendency were freshman, coming from city, county or poor family. Conclusion The suicide problem in special population like undergraduates in the university needs more attention, and measures have to be taken to effectively prevent suicidal behaviors.
Moral education and professional quality training remain important part of medical education and talent training. This article aimed to conduct a questionnaire survey on medical college students about their professional ethics status and school education in professional ethics, so as to explore the paths and measures of medical students' professional ethics education. College education bears the primary responsibility for the medical students' professional ethics education, thus reasonable curriculum should be set up and teaching methods should be innovated; Industry environment and social ethos also have important implications on medical students' professional ethics cognition and behavior, so it is necessary to regulate the behavior of the medical industry according to law; Information age requires correct public opinion by means of network guidance, and under the impact of the pluralistic culture and values, doctors need to adapt themselves to our excellent traditional culture.
ObjectiveTo understand the adaptation condition of undergraduate nursing students at the early stage of enrollment so as to provide reference frame for the development of college students' adaptability and mental health education. MethodTotally 75 full-time baccalaureate nursing students were recruited from a comprehensive university by convenience sampling method In November 2014. Adaptation condition was investigated with China College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS). Statistical analysis methods were applied to analysis differences of the adaptability of college and its various dimensions scores in general data statistics. ResultsThe average score of adaptation ability was (206.88±31.02) points. There were significant differences in the level of getting along with their parents and confidence in nursing speciality (P<0.05) , while no significant differences were found among students in gender, nationality, only China one students, students' regions and reasons of choosing nursing speciality （P>0.05) . ConclusionsThe current adaptation situation of nursing undergraduates freshmen should be improved. It is necessary to carry out a series of targeted activities for the entrance education of college students to promote the adaptability of university life.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the detection rate of sub-health status of Chinese college students. MethodsThe CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, VIP, PubMed, EMbase and Web of Science databases were searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the detection rate of sub-health among Chinese college students from inception to February 1, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. At the same time, GIS technology was used to analyze the spatial distribution of the detection rate of sub-health status of college students in China. ResultsA total of 44 articles were included, with a total sample size of 63 435 cases, including 29 255 cases of sub-health status. The results of meta-analysis showed that the detection rate of sub-health status of Chinese college students was 51.2% (95%CI 44.1 to 58.4). The temporal distribution showed a gradual decrease in the detection rate of sub-health states among college students between 2016 and 2020, with a rebound after 2020. The detection rates of sub-health states among college students in different regions and survey instruments varied significantly, with 74.1%, 61.8%, 58.4%, 56.1%, 47.0%, 42.3% and 21.6% in Southwest, Northeast, South, North, Central, East and Northwest China, respectively. The detection rates of sub-health states among college students in Jilin, Sichuan and Hebei provinces were the top 3, and Shanxi province had the lowest detection rate. ConclusionThe detection rate of university sub-health status in China is high, and the detection rate decreased significantly from 2016 to 2020, with a rebound trend in recent years, and there are differences in the detection rate of university sub-health status in different regions and survey instruments. Due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of the included studies, the above findings need to be verified by more high-quality literature.