This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin (Cur) against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in vitro. Human embryonic lung fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. The tetrazolium salt (MTS) method was used to detect the effects of Cur on cell viability. The cells were divided into control group, HCMV group, HCMV + (PFA) group and HCMV + Cur group in this study. The cytopathic effect (CPE) of each group was observed by plaque test, then the copy number of HCMV DNA in each group was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the expression of HCMV proteins in different sequence was detected by Western blot. The results showed that when the concentration of Cur was not higher than 15 μmol/L, there was no significant change in cell growth and viability in the Cur group compared with the control group (P>0.05). After the cells were infected by HCMV for 5 d, the cells began to show CPE, and the number of plaques increased with time. Pretreatment with Cur significantly reduced CPE in a dose-dependent manner. After the cells were infected by HCMV, the DNA copy number and protein expression gradually increased in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with Cur significantly inhibited HCMV DNA copies and downregulate HCMV protein expression levels in a concentration-dependent manner, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, Cur may exert anti-HCMV activity by inhibiting the replication of HCMV DNA and down-regulating the expression levels of different sequence proteins of HCMV. This study provides a new experimental basis for the development of anti-HCMV infectious drugs.
Stomach cancer is a malignancy arising from the stomach mucous epithelium. It accounts for 95% of all stomach malignancy cancer. The prevalence of stomach cancer is high in China and the treatment is debated, especially regarding choice of chemotherapy and treatment duration. In order to identify the best treatment and follow-up for patient with stage T2N0M0 stomach sinus cancer, we searched MEDLINE, SUMsearch, The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2004), Clinical Evidence (Issue 4, 2003) and CBMdisc (1981 to 2004). A total of 3 systematic reviews, 28 randomized controlled trails, 3 cohort studies and 3 observational studies were identified. We evaluated the quality of included studies.All studies were divided into 5 grades by the levels and grades of recommendation. We drew a conclusion by synthesizing the results of included studies: The primary treatment for the patient was surgery treatment including gastric deuto-total resection and D1 lymph node dissection. There was no evidence supporting chemotherapy use in either systematic or abdominal cavity after surgery. The survival rate was high in 5 years and 10 years, so the follow-up time should not be long and the follow-up infermission should not less than 1 year. Follow-up included the dynamic and delayed MR sequence with Gd-DTPA, the level of serum CA199, endoscope, and stool occult blood test.
Objective To report evidence-based treatment for 2 case of Ⅱ B stage non-small cell lung cancer. Methods We searched systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials in The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2009), MEDLINE (PubMed, January 1970 to June 2009) and ACP Journal Club (1996 to June 2009), and evaluated the evidence. Results The best clinical evidence for Ⅰ and Ⅱ stage non-small cell lung cancer patients showed that in the patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy could not improve survival compared with surgery alone. We did not find evidence which indicated that preoperative chemotherapy improved survival in people with resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusion In accordance with the wishes of the patient and family, they do not accept the radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but choose palliative and supportive therapy.
ObjectiveTo analyze and reduce the defects in nursing records for blood transfusion by continuous quality improvement (CQI) method, in order to prevent blood transfusion related medical disputes. MethodsIn October 2014, CQI team was established to analyze the reason for transfusion record defects and make standardized process and quality monitoring forms for nursing record of blood transfusion. Six months after the implementation of CQI, 40 records were randomly selected before the CQI implementation (April to September 2014) and after the implementation (April to September 2015) for comparison and analysis. ResultAfter 6 months of implementation of CQI, nursing record defects of blood transfusion decreased significantly from 228 to 55 items. ConclusionUsing CQI method can effectively reduce nursing record defects of blood transfusion. CQI can also improve the quality of nursing records and prevent medical disputes caused by blood transfusion.
Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of statins for adult osteoporosis. Methods We electronically searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2007), MEDLINE (1990 to November 2007), EMBASE (1990 to November 2007), Current Controlled Trials, The National Research Register, CBM (1990 to November 2007), VIP (1990 to November 2007) and CNKI (1990 to November 2007). We also handsearched some related journals and identified randomized controlled trials of statins versus placebo in adults with osteoporosis. Results Two randomized controlled trials were included. We didn’t perform meta-analysis due to heterogeneity. No significant differences were observed in the changes of bone density at the lumbar spine and total hip from baseline between statins and placebo. However, a significant increase in bone density was found in response to simvastatin at the forearm. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism changes from baseline did not differ significantly between statins and placebo groups. Conclusions The evidence currently available does not support the use of statins in the treatment of osteoporosis. Further randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed in order to define the efficacy and acceptability of statins in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Delirium is an acute cognitive disorder caused by a variety of factors which lead to cerebral cortical dysfunction. At present the studies on the pathophysiology of delirium is still very few. But studies on serum biomarker of delirium can help to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of delirium, and the studies are significant for delirium diagnosis, severity classification and prediction of long-term outcome. This review examines three major groups of delirium related serum biomarkers: ① risk markers: those that are present or elevated prior to disease onset, including serum chemistries, genetic markers and so on; ② disease markers: those markers elevate with delirium onset and fall when delirium recovery, including acetylcholine and serum anticholinergic activity, serotonin, serum amino acids, and melatonin, interleukin, C-reactive protein; and ③ end products: those that rise in proportion to the consequences of disease, including S-100ß and neuron specific enolase. The three markers mentioned above are helpful to further investigate the mechanism of delirium.
Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of linezolid with vancomycin for the treatment of people with Gram-positive bacteraemia. Methods We electronically searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2009), MEDLINE, EMbase, Current Controlled Trials, The National Research Register, CBM disc and CNKI. We also handsearched some relevant journals. The search time was up to March 10, 2009. Randomized controlled trials of linezolid versus vancomycin for treatment of Gram-positive bacteraemia were included. Meta-analyses were performed for the results of homogeneous studies using the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.0 software. Results A total of 8 randomized controlled trials involving 670 patients with Gram-positive bacteraemia were included. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between linezolid and vancomycin groups in treatment of Gram-positive bacteraemia [RR= 1.07, 95%CI (0.98,1.17), P= 0.15], MRSA bacteraemia [RR=1.22, 95%CI (0.97,1.53), P= 0.10] or catheter-related bacteraemia [RR= 1.01, 95%CI (0.86,1.19), P= 0.90]. There was no difference between groups in the total adverse effect (P=0.64). The rate of renal dysfunction was higher in vancomycin group (P=0.0003) and the rate of thrombopenia was higher in linezolid group (P=0.01). Conclusion Linezolid is associated with the outcomes that are not inferior to those of vancomycin in the patients with Gram-positive bacteraemia. More high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials exclusive for the bacteraemia are required.
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of Zhiling decoction for vascular dementia. Methods The Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group was searched in Feb. 2004 using the term Zhiling. In addition, we handsearched 83 traditional Chinese medicine journals （1993 to 2004 ）. We included all randomized controlled trials（RCTs）of Zhiling decoction treating people with vascular dementia. We also evaluated the internal validity of the RCTs . If all included RCTs were of high quality and homogeneity, then the meta-analysis was conducted. Results Only one RCT was identified. The outcomes were listed as the followings ： ① The Hasegawa＇ s dementia scale scoring （ HDS ） scores of the patients in Zhiling decoction group were improved significantly from baseline after 8 weeks course of treatment and there was no significant difference in the control group. The HDS scores improvement was greater than control group（P 〈0.01 ）o ② The latency of P3 was shorter in both groups after treatment, and there was a significant treatment effect in Zhiling group （t = -52. 09, 95% CI -69.79 to -34.39, P 〈0. 000 01 ）. The amplitude of 173 increased in both groups after treatment, and there was a non-sigmficant treatment effect in Zhiling group for change from baseline （t =1.40, 95% CI -0.02 to 2.82, P =0.05）. ③ Brain electrical activity monitoring （BEAM） showed that benefits in those treated by Zhiling decoction were higher than those treated by Naofukang with OR9.90 （ 95% CI 3.34 to 29.38）. ④In the Zhiling group serum cholesterol （P 〈0.01 ） , serum triglyceride （P 〈0.01 ） and LPO（P 〉0. 01 ） decreased after treatment. There was an increase in the level of high density lipoprotein （HDL） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in red blood cells compared with baseline for Zhiling groups （P 〈0.01 ）. ⑤ The cerebral blood flow decreased in both groups after treatment, and there was a significant treatment effect in favour of Zhiling （treatment effect t = -1.03, 95% CI -1.26 to -0.80, P 〈0. 00001 ）.⑥ No side effects on heart, liver or renal function were reported in Zhiling decoction group. Conclusions The currendy available evidence is insufficient to assess the potential efficacy for Zhiling decoction in the treatment of vascular dementia. Just one RCT concerning the management of Zhifing decoction versus Naofukang suggests that Zhiling decoction may be effective in treating vascular dementia. Further randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are urgendy needed .