目的:探讨微创经皮肾通道碎石(Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, mPCNL)与改良经皮肾通道碎石治疗复杂上尿路结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2003年10月至2009年2月经皮肾镜碎石术治疗上尿路结石430例,据术中建立的碎石通道将其分为mPCNL组(220例)和改良经皮肾通道组(210例),分析其术中出血量、手术时间、结石清除率、术后感染率、胸腹腔积液等指标。结果: mPCNL组和改良通道PCNL组均于术后24h复查血红蛋白分别下降(28±6) g/L,(30±5) g/L。其中术中或者术后输血者各为12例和11例,两组各有一例因术后大出血而行超选择动脉栓塞治愈。mPCNL组手术时间90~180 min平均为120 min。改良通道PCNL组手术时间50~150 min平均为90 min。结石清除率mPCNL组84.5%而改良通道PCNL组达到94.8%,两组残余结石均经二期、三期取石或者体外碎石排出。其mPCNL组与改良通道PCNL组损伤胸腹膜者各有3例。术后发生尿路感染分别有28例和25例,经选用敏感抗生素治疗3~5天体温降至正常。结论:采用改良经皮肾通道治疗复杂性上尿路结石能明显缩短手术时间,提高结石取净率并不增加出血、感染、胸腹腔损伤等并发症。
Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of foreign body incarceration in upper digestive tract, and to explore the risk factors of its complications. Methods The clinical data of patients with foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including demographic data, foreign body type, incarceration site, incarceration time, causes, symptoms, treatment methods and complications of foreign body incarceration. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of complications. Results A total of 721 patients were finally included, ranging in age from 3 months to 90 years old, with an average age of 26.76 years. The proportion of foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract in patients ≤14 years old was the highest (51.18%), and the duration of foreign body incarceration<12 hours was the highest (55.34%). The most common sharp foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract were animal bones (228 cases), and the most common round shaped foreign bodies were coins (223 cases). The most common impaction site was the upper esophageal segment (85.02%). 105 patients (14.56%) had complications, and perforation was the most common (5.55%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio (OR)=0.523, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.312, 0.875), P=0.014], foreign body type [OR=0.520, 95%CI (0.330, 0.820), P=0.005], incarceration site [OR=2.347, 95%CI (1.396, 3.947), P=0.001], incarceration time [OR=0.464, 95%CI (0.293, 0.736), P=0.001] were the influencing factors of complications. Conclusions The majority of foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract are animal bones. The incidence of complications increase in patients with age ≥ 60 years, sharp foreign body edges, incarceration in the upper segment of the esophagus, and long incarceration time. It is recommended to remove the sharp foreign bodies incarcerated in the upper segment of the esophagus from the elderly as soon as possible.
Since 1987, One hundred and fifty-four patients suffered from alopecia, neck and facial scar, and nasal defect had been treated with skin soft tissue expansion. The incidence of complication was decreased markedly, compared to previons report which was 11.7%. Two cases of this group were given up this procedure. The lessous learned from these case were as following. Strictly evaluated the case according to the indication, examined the expander carefully, improved the techniques to inbed the expander and infilled the sailine, those of which could obtain satisfactory result.