As emerging means of cancer treatment, immunotherapy is the fourth major therapeutic strategy after surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy, which benefits patients a lot. It has been more than 100 years for the medical community exploring how to harness the immune system to fight cancer. Since the advent of ipilimumab in 2011, the first checkpoint inhibitor, cancer immunotherapy represented by checkpoint inhibitors has exploded. Several programmed death protein-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors have successively been approved to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the second-line setting or even the first-line setting. But checkpoint inhibitors therapy has only achieved limited benefit at the present stage. Exploring potential predictive biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance are in need of further consideration to optimize immunotherapy.
目的 比较经尿道前列腺剜除术（TUEP）与经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）的疗效。 方法 2010年11月－2011年3月，收治前列腺增生（BPH）患者58例，分别采用TUEP（30例）、TURP（28例）治疗。患者年龄55～87岁，平均73岁；病程1～12年，平均5年。术前常规行直肠指检前列腺光滑无结节；经直肠前列腺彩色超声多普勒检查，测得前列腺体积为50～80 mL，平均62 mL；血清前列腺特异性抗原＜10 ng/mL。 结果 TUEP组术中出血量、术后冲洗时间均短于TURP，切除前列腺组织体积大于TURP组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后拔除尿管后发生暂时性尿失禁TUEP组1例，TURP组发生2例，两组比较差异无统计学意义；两组均无永久性尿失禁发生。 结论 TUEP与TURP相比较，TUEP手术疗效好，出血少、恢复快，且并发症少。
The 12th Asian Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology (ACPE) has been successfully held from October 11st to 13rd, 2019 in Kyoto, Japan. More than 600 representatives from 33 countries and regions participated in the meeting. The arrangement of this conference mainly included: education session program, contributed papers report, symposium and poster presentation, which provided good opportunity for participants to communicate. Moreover, it promoted the dissemination and utilization of advanced methods and technologies of global pharmacoepidemiology, especially in Asia region, and provided technical support in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of public. Moreover, it was the first time that the symposium on herbal and Traditional Medicines has been set up in the ACPE. This paper introduced the main details of the contents
目的:探讨B超监测下输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效及可行性。方法:2007年12月~2008年12月采用B超监测下输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石患者34例,结石位于上段4例,中段11例,下段19例。结果:一次性碎石治愈者33例,一次性碎石成功率97%,手术时间(40±15)min,术后2~7天排尽结石,术后住院平均时间3.5(2～5)天。结论:B超监测下输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石对于手术操作者易于随时动态观察结石情况,对于大于0.4 cm的碎石块无遗漏,增加术中一次碎石成功率,可行性高。
ObjectiveTo discuss the effect of Cabrol in treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection.MethodsThe clinical data of patients whom were diagnosed with type A aortic dissection of Stanford in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All of 40 patients underwent Cabrol surgical procedure. There were 31 males and 9 females aged 26–75 (48.8±3.3) years. The surgical treatment effect of the patients was evaluated, mainly including the aortic index, the changes in cardiac function before and after operation, and the postoperative follow-up.ResultsAll the 40 patients completed the operation successfully. The diameter of ascending aorta and aortic sinus in postoperative patients were smaller than those before operation (P<0.05). Postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output increased, central venous pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased, and cardiac function indexes were significantly different from those before the operation (P<0.05). Seven patients suffered complications in postoperative follow-up including one stenting leakage, three neurological diseases and three acute renal failure. Two patients died postoperatively.ConclusionCabrol’s operation is effective in the treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection, which can significantly improve the cardiac function of patients, simplify the anastomosis of coronary artery ostia and decrease amount of bleeding.
Objective To investigate the surgical effect on different types of spinal canal stenosis of retrograde degeneration. Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on 96 patients (85 males, 11 females; average age 54, range 39-71) admitted from September 2001 to January 2004 for spinal canal stenosis of retrograde degeneration. The patients were divided into five groups according to their clinical symptoms and signs and the imaging of the spinal cord. In group A, 39 patients had one segment of the spinal canal stenosis and they underwent the recessively expanding operation through the intervertebral canal by opening a window between the vertebral plates. In group B,21 patients had stenosis of the central vertebral canal of one segment and theyunderwent excision of the intervertebral disc through the window opened betweenthe vertebral plates and the recessively expanding operation.In group C, 18 patients had degenerative spinal derangement of one segment and they underwent decompression through the window opened between the bilateral vertebral plates and the recessively expanding operation, and then underwent the internal fixation and bone grafting. In group D, 11 patients had the mixed stenosis of the vertebralcanal of more than 2 segments and they underwent the recessively expanding operation through the window opened bilaterally on the diseased segment and excisionof the yellow ligament and the intervertebral disc. In group E, 7 patients had degenerative lateral curvature of the spine and they underwent the combined surgical procedures including decompression, internal fixation, and bone grafting. All the patients were followed up after operation. Results The follow-up of the 96 patients for 6-36 months with an average of 12.2 months showed that they had no postoperative complications. According to the JOA Scoring,85 patients had an excellent result, 9 had a good result, 1 had a fair result, and only 1 had a poor result. The X-ray films revealed no mistaken placing of the nails on the vertebral arch, broken nails or loosened nails. Conclusion The limited surgery and effective decompression can improve curative effects and reduce complications of spinal canal stenosis of retrograde degeneration. The imaging of the spinal cord has an important value in the choice of surgical protocols for spinal canal stenosis of retrograde.