Objective To review the methods and progress of arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate l igament (ACL) with the remnant preservation technique. Methods Recent l iterature about arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL with the remnant preservation technique was reviewed and analyzed. Results The preserved ACL after injuries could be single-bundle or remnant. The preserved remnant provided synovium for the reconstructed ACL, and it could accelerate revascularization of the graft, and it was benefit for the proprioception too, and certain kinds of remnant could contribute to the stabil ity of the joint. The preserved remnant could prevent the washing-effect of the joint fluid, then prevent the enlargement of the tibial tunnel. Cyclops or impingement may occurred in remnant preservation technique. Conclusion Remnant preservation in ACL reconstruction can provide good cl inical result. But remnant preservation is a skill demanded technique. There should be more research and cl inical trials about remnant preservation in ACL reconstruction about its necessity and advantage, also disadvantage.
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of clopidogrel combined with Suxiao Jiuxin Pills on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MethodsNinety-seven patients with ACS diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2011 were divided into the treatment group (treated with clopidogrel combined with Suxiao Jiuxin Pills) (n=48) and the control group (treated with single clopidogrel) (n=49). One month was regarded as a treatment course. After one month, we observed the clinical effect, heart attacks frequency, ST segment changes and adverse reactions for the patients. ResultsThe total effective rate was 79.2% in the treatment group and was 51.0% in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Heart attacks frequency and ST segment were reduced significantly in both the two groups after treatment (P<0.05). The curative effect in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). ConclusionClopidogrel combined with Suxiao Jiuxin Pills have a better clinical effect in the treatment of ACS than single clopidogrel.
Vascular endothelial cell(VEC) is a kind of simple squamous epithelium lined on the inner surface of blood vessels. VEC is an important barrier between the blood and tissue and it also plays a key role in regulating inflammation, thrombosis, endothelial cells mediated vasodilatation and endothelial regeneration. These processes should be controlled by a variety of complex mechanism which requires us to find out. With results of the researches in vascular endothelial cell function, the important roles that microRNA in vascular endothelial cell function draws more and more researchers' attention. MicroRNAs control gene expression in post-transcriptional level and affect the function of endothelial cells. This review focuses on the research progress on regulatory mechanism of microRNA to endothelial cell inflammation, thrombosis, vasodilation and endothelium regeneration.
ObjectiveTo compare the effects on the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) between hypoxia and hypoxia mimetic agents dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) under normal oxygen condition. MethodsBMSCs were isolated and cultured from healthy 3-4 weeks old Kunming mouse. Cell phenotype of CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD34 was assayed with flow cytometry; after osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic induction, alizarin red staining, oil red O staining, and toluidine blue staining were performed. The passage 3 BMSCs were cultured under normal oxygen in control group (group A), under 1%O2 in hypoxia group (group B), and under normal oxygen and 0.5 mmol/L DMOG in DMOG intervention group (group C). BMSCs proliferation was estimated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. Alkaline phophatase (ALP) expression was determined at 7 and 14 days after osteogenic induction. Western blot was employed for detecting hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) at 24 hours. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was employed for detecting the mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osterix at 3 and 7 days. Alizarin red staining was applied to assess the deposition of calcium tubercle at 21 days. ResultsThe BMSCs presented CD29(+), CD44(+), CD90(+), and CD34(-); and results of the alizarin red staining, oil red O staining, and toluidine blue staining were positive after osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic induction. No significant difference in BMSCs proliferation was observed among 3 groups at 1 day (P>0.05); compared with group A, BMSCs proliferation was inhibited in group C at 2, 3, and 4 days, but no significant difference was observed (P>0.05); compared with group A, BMSCs proliferation was significantly promoted in group B (P < 0.05). At each time point, compared with group A, the ALP expression, HIF-1αprotein relative expression, and mRNA relative expressions of RUNX2 and Osterix were significantly up-regulated in groups B and C (P < 0.05); compared with group B, the ALP expression, the RUNX2 and Osterix mRNA relative expression were significantly up-regulated in group C (P < 0.05); compared with group C, the HIF-1αprotein relative expression was significantly up-regulated in group B (P < 0.05). The alizarin red staining showed little red staining materials in group A, some red staining materials in group B, and a large number of red staining materials in group C. ConclusionHypoxia can promote BMSCs proliferation, DMOG can not influence the BMSCs proliferation; both hypoxia and DMOG can improve osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and DMOG is better than hypoxia in improving the BMSCs osteogenesis.
Objective To investigate the inhibition effect of salazosulfapyridine (SF) on the formation of post-operative abdominal adhesion and its possible mechanism. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (Sham group), blank control group (BC group), sodium hyaluronate (HA) group, low dose of SF group (LSF group), and high dose of SF group (HSF group). Except the Sham group, all the rats in other 4 groups were created abdominal adhesion model by abrasion of caecum and its opposite abdominal wall. Rats of the BC group didn’t received any treatment after model establishment. Before closing the abdominal wall, the rats of the HA group were treated by 2 mL HA. After the operation, the rats of the LSF group and the HSF group were daily orally administrated with different dose of SF (50 mg/kg for the LSF group and 100 mg/kg for the HSF group), while the other 3 groups treated with same dose of normal saline. Seven days after operation, the rats of 5 groups were killed and abdominal adhesion conditions was evaluated by Nair’s score system. Then the abdominal adhesion tissues or blood were collected to underwent HE staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The HE staining was used to assess the inflammation score and fibrillation score of rats in 5 groups and immunohistochemistry staining was used to evaluate expression of the α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in adhesion tissues. The ELISA test was used to detect the concentration of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in rats of 5 groups. Results ① The gross evaluation of adhesion condition:3 rats of the Sham groups had incision adhesion; in the BC group, 4 rats had incision adhesion, 8 rats had cecum to the abdominal wall adhesion, 2 rats had viscera to viscera adhesion; in the HA group, 2 rats had incision adhesion and5 rats had cecum to the abdominal wall adhesion; in the LSF group, 2 rats had incision adhesion, 6 rats had cecum to the abdominal wall adhesion, and 1 rat had viscera to viscera adhesion; in the HSF group, 2 rats had incision adhesion and 4 rats had cecum to the abdominal wall adhesion. Compared with the Sham group, the Nair’s scores of the other4 groups were higher (P<0.05); compared with the BC group, the Nair’s scores of the HA group, the LSF group, and the HSF group were all lower (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference on the Nair’s scores among the HA group, the LSF group, and the HSF group (P>0.05). ② Inflammation score and fibrillation score: on the inflammation score, compared with the Sham group, the inflammation scores of the others 4 groups were higher (P<0.05); compared with the BC and HA group, the inflammation scores of the LSF group and the HSF group were both lower (P<0.05); compared with the LSF group, there was no significant difference on the inflammation score of the HSF group (P>0.05). On the fibrillation score, compared with the Sham group, the fibrillation scores of the others 4 groups were higher (P<0.05); compared with the BC group, the fibrillation scores of the HA group, the LSF group, and the HSF group were all lower (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference on the fibrillation scores among the HA group, the LSF group, and the HSF group (P>0.05). ③ The expression scores of α-SMA: compared with the Sham group, the expression scores of α-SMA in the others 4 groups were higher (P<0.05); compared with the BC group, the expression scores of α-SMA in the HA group, the LSF group, and the HSF group were all lower (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference on the expression scores of α-SMA among the HA group, the LSF group, and the HSF group (P>0.05). ④ Concentration of serum IL-1β and TGF-β1: on the concentration of serum IL-1β, compared with the Sham group, the concentrations of serum IL-1β in the others 4 groups were higher (P<0.05); compared with the BC group, the concentrations of serum IL-1β in the HA group, the LSF group, and the HSF group were all lower (P<0.05); compared with the HA and the LSF group, the concentration of serum IL-1β in the HSF group was lower (P<0.05). On the concentration of serum TGF-β1, compared with the Sham group, the concentrations of serum TGF-β1 in the others 4 groups were higher (P<0.05); compared with the BC group, the concentrations of serum TGF-β1 in the HA group, the LSF group, and the HSF group were all lower (P<0.05); compared with the HA group, the concentrations of serum TGF-β1 in the LSF group and the HSF group were both lower (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the LSF group and the HSF group (P>0.05). Conclusion SF can reduce the formation of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rat models via inhibiting inflammation and fibrillation.
With high morbidity, branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common retinal vascular disease in the clinic. Although the classic characteristics of BRVO have been recognized for a long time, the traditional understanding of BRVO has been challenged along with development and application of new imaging technologies, including the reasonable classification and staging of the disease, and the vascular characteristics at the occlusive site via multimodal imaging, etc. Thus, re-summarizing and refining these features as well as further improving and optimizing traditional imaging evaluation, can not only deepen the correct acknowledge of the entity, but also find biomarkers of prognosis of visual function, which is helpful to establish better diagnosis and treatment strategy. In the meanwhile, it is necessary that clinical characteristics of BRVO on imaging and the reliability of these imaging techniques are worth correct understanding and objective assessment.