目的 探讨腹腔镜技术在急腹症诊治中的作用。方法 回顾性分析笔者所在医院2008年10月至2011年12月期间收治的128例急腹症患者应用腹腔镜技术进行诊治的临床资料。结果 127例均明确诊断，１例十二指肠迟发性破裂腹腔镜探查漏诊，患者2d后因腹痛剧烈而行剖腹探查术，发现为十二指肠破裂， 确诊率为99.2％。103例（80.5％）于腹腔镜下完成手术，11例（8.6％）中转开腹手术，14例经腹腔镜检查明确诊断后行保守治疗。所有手术患者术后无严重并发症发生，全部患者均痊愈出院。平均手术时间为72min （32 ～166min）；平均出血量为125ml （20～230ml）； 平均住院时间为5d （3～12d）。结论 急腹症应用腹腔镜技术是一种十分安全有效的方法，具有诊断治疗一体化、创伤小、恢复快，住院时间短等优点。
目的:探讨B超检查对急腹症的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析326例急腹症的超声表现并与手术后、病理诊断以及随访结果进行对照。结果:326例急腹症中以急性胆囊炎、输尿管结石、急性阑尾炎以及妇科急症常见,共289例,占88％,其他急腹症37例,占12％。经手术和病理证实217例,109例临床随访证实。超声符台率89.9％。结论:B超检查对急腹症的早期诊断以及鉴别诊断具有重要临床意义,是急腹症首选的诊断方法。
ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen. MethodsThe clinical data of 81 patients with acute abdomen treated in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsOf the 81 patients with acute abdomen, there were 38 cases of acute appendicitis, 15 cases of gastric perforation, 10 cases of duodenal ulcer perforation, 10 cases of acute cholecystitis, 1 case of mesenteric artery embolism, 2 cases of internal hernias, 2 cases of ileocecal tumor, 2 cases of sigmoid colon rupture, 1 case of intestinal adhesion. The 81 cases were treated by laparoscopy, including 79 cases (97.5%) were clearly diagnosed; 73 cases were succeeded by laparoscopy, and 8 cases converted to laparotomy. The operation time were 35-191 minutes, with an average of 76 minutes; the intraoperative blood loss were 20-130 mL, with an average of 43 mL; the postoperative hospital stay were 3-13 days, with an average of 5.6 days. Seventy-six patients received followed-up for 2-24 months, and the median time were 14 months, no special complications occurred during follow-up period, but 1 case of ileocecal tumor suffered from lung metastases in 12 months after operation. ConclusionsLaparoscopy can be used in the preferred way of diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen.
Laparoscopy has become a commonly used approach to diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen, and it has good diagnostic value and therapeutic effect in selective cases. It should be practiced by experienced surgeons in laparoscopic surgery and emergency abdominal surgery. Hemodynamic instability, severe abdominal distension, fecal peritonitis, and tumor perforation are contraindications to laparoscopy. In recent years, more and more acute abdominal diseases can be successfully treated by laparoscopy. Randomized controlled trials have proved the laparoscopic treatment in acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, peptic ulcer perforation, acute gynecological diseases was comparable to open surgery, and had advantages of fewer complications and faster postoperative recovery. The utilization of laparoscopy in other diseases such as blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma, small intestinal obstruction, and diverticulitis with perforation remains controversial, and needs more randomized controlled trials to investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery.
China has entered an aging society. Elderly patients with acute abdomen have complex clinical manifestations and often have more complications. For elderly acute abdomen, the results of abdominal physical examination and laboratory testing often can not reflect the patient’s condition. The differential diagnosis of diseases should be emphasized in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The treatment of acute abdomen in the elderly not only needs standardized analgesic treatment, but also pays attention to the evaluation of the disease, and adopts multidisciplinary cooperation to formulate appropriate treatment plans.
自1985年第一例腹腔镜胆囊切除术成功，腹腔镜逐渐成为治疗结石性胆囊疾病的金标准。近10年来其应用范围迅速扩展，并被广大普外科医生接受和认可，开创了医学领域高速发展的历史新纪元。急腹症是指能够引起急腹痛的腹腔内急性病变，要求外科医生做出快速、准确判断，而不允许花费更多的时间做全面的辅助检查。要想做出快速诊断又不耽误病情，近年来微创外科同行认识到腹腔镜兼有诊断和治疗的特点，在外科急腹症中发挥了重要的作用，现分述之。