Epilepsy is one of the common nervous system diseases in children, due to its complex etiology and diverse seizure types, the current treatment are accompanied by many different side effects. Physical activity refers to any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure above the resting metabolic rate and involves muscle contraction. As a complementary and alternative therapy physical activity has gradually gained attention among epilepsy patients. However, there are still great misconceptions among the society, family members, and even medical personnel about whether children with epilepsy participate in sports, resulting in a low level of physical activity in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Current studies have shown that physical activity has a variety of positive effects, such as the frequency of epileptic seizures, improving the cognitive function of children, and improving the quality of life of patients. It is recommended that children and adolescents with epilepsy should regularly in physical activities to improve their physical and mental health. This article provides a domestic and foreign review from the concept of physical activity, measurement tools, the current situation of physical activity in and adolescents with epilepsy, the positive effect of physical activity on children and adolescents with epilepsy, and the factors affecting physical activity in children and adolescents with epilepsy, etc. in order to provide feasible suggestions for subsequent investigation and research, and to provide reliable basis for the clinical formulation of reasonable individualized programs.
Continuous activation of Janus kinase (JAK)- signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is prevalent in leukemia cells, and it has been found that this pathway plays an important role in acute leukemia (AL). JAK2/JAK1 gene mutations are found in both acute myelocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia and may have implications for the treatment and overall prognosis of the disease. Among the STAT family members, STAT3 and STAT5 proved to be key factors in AL. These gene mutations may provide new targets and new ideas for the treatment of AL. This article provides a review of the research progress of JAK-STAT signaling pathway, related gene mutations and AL.
Objective To compare the positive rate of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glyco- protein between primary hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） tissues and paratumor tissues， and to explore the relationship between the 3 kinds of proteins and pathological features of HCC. Methods Thirty-two HCC tissues and 26 paratumor tissues resected from patients with HCC treated in our hospital from Feb. 2009 to Aug. 2010 were enrolled. Clinical data were also collected from files. The expressions of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein were tested by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rate of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein in HCC tissues were 87.5%（28/32）， 81.3%（26/32）， and 65.6%（21/32）， respectively， which were higher than that in paratumor tissues〔61.5%（16/26）， 34.6%（9/26）， and 30.8%（8/26）， respectively〕， P＜0.05. The three kinds of proteins were all closely related with HbsAg， and zinc finger protein A20 was related with cirrhosis in addition （P＜0.05）. Conclusions The positive rate of zinc protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein are much higher in primary HCC tissues than that in paratumor tissus， and they may play an important role in preoperative determination of hepatic tumors.
ObjectiveTo explore the application of 10% sodium chloride for stage-Ⅲ pressure ulcer debridement. MethodsAccording to the standard, 68 stage-Ⅲ pressure ulcer cases were selected from January 2011 to December 2014. All the patients had yellow surface and positive bacterium cultivation suggesting wound infection. They were randomly divided into control group and trial group. The control group used traditional treatment for debridement, while the trial group used 10% sodium chloride, until the end of debridement where the granulation became fresh and bacterium cultivation negative. Then we compared these two groups in terms of debridement time, wound drainage, wound smell, granulation growth, pain score and cost. ResultsThe control group debridement time was 18-32 days, averaging (22.4±10.8) days, and the trial group debridement time was 5-13 days, averaging (11.6±4.0) days (P<0.05). The control group wound drainage ratings score was 6.70±2.87, while the trial group wound drainage ratings score was 3.65±1.23 (P<0.05). In terms of the wound smell, the control group had a score of 2.74±1.62, and the score for the experimental group was 1.26±0.51 (P<0.05). The average cost of the control group was (975.00±10.29) yuan, while the experimental group was (626.00±8.18) yuan (P<0.05). ConclusionThe application of 10% sodium chloride for stage-Ⅲ pressure ulcer debridement can shorten debridement time, promote the growth of granulation and reduce the economic burden, which is worth clinical promotion.
Objective To evaluate the control status and knowledge level about disease in asthmatic patients in hospitals of different grades in Gansu province, and provide a basis for proposing a work plan forprevention and treatment of asthma in Gansu province.Methods We performed a questionnaire investigation in a face-to-face manner in asthmatic patients from hospitals of three different grades, which included a grade 3A hospital, a grade 3B hospital, and a grade 2A hospital.Results A total of 542 asthmatic patients were investigated. The percentage of complete controlled, well controlled and uncontrolled were 3. 5% , 16. 9% and 79. 5% respectively. The rate of complete controlled was low in three hospitals without significant difference ( 3. 6% , 3. 4% , and 3. 3% , respectively) . The rate of well controlled in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals was higher than that in the grade 2A hospital ( 20. 4% and 18. 3% vs. 8. 2% ,P lt;0. 05) . 41. 4% of the respondents had been hospitalized for exacerbation in the past one year, and the rate was higher in the grade 2A hospital than that in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals ( 58. 2% vs. 31. 8% and 42. 9%, P lt;0. 01) . 46. 9% of the patients had visited the emergency department, and the rate was higher in the grade 2A hospital than that in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals ( 63. 9% vs. 41. 6% and 42. 3% , P lt;0. 01) . 23. 6% of the respondents had underwent lung function test follow-up during the past one year, andthe rate in the grade 3A hospital was higher than that in the grade 3B and 2A hospitals( 79. 2% vs. 44% and 40. 2%, P lt;0. 01) . Only 2. 8% of the patients in the grade 3A hospital had used peak flowmeter regularly.There were 19. 7% of the patients received a long-term treatment plan by specialists, and the rate in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals was higher than that in the grade 2A hospital ( 22. 4% and 21. 7% vs. 11. 5% ,P lt;0. 05) . 30. 6% of the respondents insisted on using inhaled corticosteroid ( ICS) or combination of ICS and long acting β2 -agonist ( ICS/LABA) , and the rate was higher in the grade 3A and 3B hospitals than that in the grade 2A hospital ( 33. 9% and 32. 6% vs. 21. 3% , P lt;0. 05) . 27. 7% of the patients had used the theophylline drugs regularly, and there were no significant differences in three hospitals. 30. 3% of the patients did not used the drugs regularly, and most of these patients were from the grade 2A and 3B hospitals ( 54. 1% and 32. 9% respectively) . 11. 4% of the patients has used antibiotics, herbal medicine or other drugs. And most of these patients were from the grade 2A and 3B hospitals ( 50% and 30. 6% respectively) . 26. 2% of the patients believed that asthma is an inflammatory disease. 51. 3% of the patients selected ICS ( or ICS/LABA) as the first line medicine, and the rate in the grade 3A hospital was higher than that in the grade 3B and 2A hospitals ( P lt;0. 05) . Only13. 1% -14. 7% of the patients attended the lecture about asthma in hospitals in the past one year, and the rate in the grade 3A hospital was thehighest, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions The lack of the awareness, the poor control, and the non-standardized treatment and management of the disease are the main obstacles in the control of asthma in Gansu province, especially in township hospitals.
ObjectiveTo observe and analyze the changes of macular retinal thickness and related factors in children with occult myopia. MethodsA prospective longitudinal control study. From February 2021 to February 2022, 120 eyes of 60 children who first visited Department of Ophthalmology of The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College without any corresponding myopia correction treatment were included in the study. There were 32 males (64 eyes) and 28 females (56 eyes), with the age of 4-6 years. Visual acuity, medical optometry, corneal topography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and axial length (AL) were measured at the first visit and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The children were divided into occult myopia group with 60 eyes of 30 cases and control group with 60 eyes of 30 cases according to visual acuity, equivalent spherical refraction (SE), AL and corneal curvature (CC). The macular fovea retinal thickness was measured by spectral-domain OCT enhanced deep imaging technique. According to the treatment and study of diabetic retinopathy, the retina within the 6 mm of the macular center was divided into three concentric circles with the macular fovea as the center, the central fovea of 1 mm, the inner ring of 1-3 mm and the outer ring of 3-6 mm. In the inner ring and outer ring, the retina was divided into 4 areas, upper and lower, left and right, with a total of 9 regions. The four regions of the inner ring and the outer ring were superior, inferior, nasal and temporal, respectively. The differences of AL, CC, SE, macular retinal thickness and the changes of related factors with time were compared between the occult myopia group and the control group. SE, AL, CC and retinal thickness in different macular regions of the two groups were compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance. In pairwise comparison, the minimum significant difference t test was used in different measurement time points, and the independent sample t test was used between groups at the same measurement time points. ResultsAt first diagnosis and after diagnosis, there were significant differences in SE (F=783.710), AL (F=742.192), macular fovea (F=330.292), inferior and temporal (F=158.250, 108.292) side of the outer ring retinal thickness in occult myopia group (P＜0.01). In the control group, there were significant differences in the retinal thickness of SE (F=1 793.976), AL (F=457.362), macular fovea (F=31.029), inferior and temporal (F=7.405, 77.245) side of the outer ring retinal thickness (P＜0.01). In both groups, with the prolongation of the time after the first diagnosis, the SE gradually increased, the AL gradually lengthened, and the thickness of the macular fovea, inferior and temporal side of the outer ring retinal thickness gradually thinned. Independent sample t test was performed on the data with differences between groups at the same time, and the results showed that at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after first diagnosis, there were significant differences in SE, AL and CC between the occult myopia group and the control group (t=－4.801,－11.532, 16.276,－17.145), AL (t=24.203, 26.353, 27.057, 25.552); CC (t=－23.362,－25.382,－25.890,－24.350; P＜0.01). There were significant differences in macular fovea, inferior and temporal side of the outer ring retinal thickness at 6, 9 and 12 months, macular fovea (t=－2.596,－2.542, －2.941; P＜0.05), outer ring temporal (t =－2.285, －2.610, －2.506; P＜0.05). ConclusionThe SE and AL of the occult myopia group and the control group increase with time, and the former increase more rapidly than the latter; the macular fovea, inferior and temporal side of the outer ring retinal become thinner, and the former become thinner than the latter.