Objective To observe the biocompatibility of the acellular corneal stroma materials prepared by three different methods. Methods Three different serial digestion methods were used to produce the acellular corneal stroma materials. The biocompatibility of the materials was investigated by the cell seeding and the materials were implanted into the rabbit corneal stroma layer. Results The cells in the materials 1 and 2 were not decellularized completely. The rabbit corneal fibroblasts died on the materials 1 and 2 after the cell seeding for 3-4 days. An obvious rejection could be observed after the implantation. The cells in material 3 were decellularized completely and the collagen fibers or elastic fibers were reserved integrally，showing a typical three-dimensional net work. The rabbit corneal fibroblasts could expand on the materials in vitro. No obvious rejection could be observed and the materials were gradually absorbed. Conclusion The acellular porcine cornea stroma materials prepared by trypsin-Dnase-Rnase are suitable for reconstruction of the tissue engineered cornea.
This paper proposes algorithm in predicting the RNA secondary structure that combines several sequence comparisons, searches the eigenvalue for subsequence division with dynamic programing, utilizing the minimum free energy method. Moreover, the paper assesses the results derived from this new algorithm based on base-pairs distance, climbing distance and morphology distance. The paper also compares the assessment result and the prediction results of different prediction tools, and analyzes the advantages of the new method and its improvement direction.
ObjectivesTo compare and analyze the differences between local and the national indicator systems, so as to provide reference for the improvement of health city indicator system in various regions and the implementation of national health city evaluation.MethodsWe performed electronic searches of the CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, website of WHO, website of Commission of Health &Family Planning prior to March, 2018. We included documents of Chinese healthy city indicator system. Literature selection and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently, and the included indicator systems were systematic reviewed.ResultsA total of 26 documents were included, involving 14 dimensions and 1 531 indicators. Health (population/level) dimension was used by 24 healthy city indicators systems and included 82 indicators. Health services dimension had been used by 22 healthy city indicators systems and including 113 indicators. Health environments dimension was used by 22 healthy city indicators systems and included 121 indicators. Health society was used by 19 systems and included 113 indicators. Health culture dimension had been used by 4 systems and included 17 indicators. The specific indicators in the two dimensions of health environment and health population were relatively consistent with the national indicator system, while the dimensions of health society, health service and health culture were highly different.ConclusionsHealth (population/level), health services, healthy environment, and healthy society are most used in each healthy city indicator system. Compared with the national indicator system, the dimension structure is highly consistent, while the formulation of specific indicators and the ownership of dimensions are quite different. Each city should improve its existing indicator system based on its own urban development status and problems.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current comparison of the efficacy of different treatments for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodTo search the literatures about the comparative studies on the efficacy of different treatments for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in recent years and analyze them.ResultsIn the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, percutaneous arterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation could improve the survival rate and tumor-free survival rate to some extent, compared with the single use of percutaneous arterial chemoembolization. In the short term, there was no difference in efficacy between radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection, but the local recurrence rate of radiofrequency ablation was higher than that of surgical resection group. Salvage liver transplantation offered potential opportunity to reduce the risk of recurrence and tended to improve long-term survival outcomes, but liver sources were scarce and costly. ConclusionsAt present, there is no systematic staging scheme and treatment system for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time, most studies are retrospective, and more prospective studies are needed to further explore the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective To summarize and compare the functional characteristics and technical parameters of the comprehensive global clinical practice guideline (CPG) databases, so as to provide references for the construction of CPG database of China. Methods CPG databases were collected worldwide by discussing with experts in the guideline and database fields. Studies on guideline databases were searched in PubMed and CNKI to additionally collect CPG databases mentioned in these studies. Representative comprehensive CPG databases were finally selected by consulting relevant guideline experts. The basic information, functional characteristics (including column settings, service contents, and related file types) and technical parameter data were extracted and summarized. A descriptive analysis was conducted to compare different CPG databases. Results Nine guideline databases which are distributed in eight countries of the Americas, Europe, Oceania and Asia were included. The number of included guidelines of the nine databases ranged from 31 to 15 410. The earliest database was established in 1993. Except that the MINDS database didn’t provide search function, eight databases provided basic search function, and six provided further advanced search function. PDF and HTML formats of guidelines were available in most databases, but the XML format was only available in National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC). Responsive Web design was an important feature for most websites of databases and four databases developed mobile applications. Local mainstream social media sharing function was provided by six databases. All databases’ construction was professional in technical parameters including network transmission, Web server, programming language and the selection of server room. Conclusion This study compares the functional features and technical parameters of the comprehensive global CPG databases, which provides important information that should be considered in establishing a guideline database, to strengthen the top-level design or to help optimize the functionality of a guideline database. It also helps guideline databases users to find more proper resources.
Objective To compare the effect of two different operations on treating severely comminuted intercondylar fracture. Methods From December 2001 to October 2003, 20 cases of severely comminuted intercondylar fracture were operated. Of the 20 cases, 7(group 1) were treated with closed reduction and retrograde intramedullary nailing through arthroscope, 13(group2) were treated with open reduction and retrograde intramedullary nailing without arthroscope. Follow-ups were conducted after operation. Results All cases of fracture were recovered. Swelling in group 1 was alleviated more obviously than that in group 2. In group 1, all knees could flex to 120° during 6th to 9th weeks after the operation. In group 2, only 4 could flex 110°.Conclusion Retrograde intramedullary nailing through arthroscope proves to be less invasive and more effective in treating heavily comminuted intercondylar fracture.
ObjectiveTo compare the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional teaching method (lecture-based learning) on clinical practical teaching of orthopedic surgery. MethodsBetween May 2012 and December 2013, 55 orthopedic interns were chosen to be divided into two groups: PBL group (n=29) and traditional lecture group (control group, n=26). Case report and examination on a completion of orthopedic surgery were used to assess the teaching outcomes. ResultsPerformance differences in content of presentation and capability of answers to questions were significant between PBL group and the traditional group in the report test (P<0.05). The test scores of case analysis examination in PBL group were significantly higher than those in the traditional lecture group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in other types of questions (P>0.05). ConclusionThe participants in PBL group have performed significantly better in culturing clinical thinking and comprehensive analysis, competence and in no circumstance did they perform worse than traditional lecture method.
Objective To compare differences in the cl inical outcomes between percutaneous pinning with plaster spl int and open reduction and pull ing out wire in the treatment of mallet fingers. Methods From December 2002 to September 2007, 72 patients with mallet fingers were treated. They were divided into two groups: group A and group B. In group A, 38 patients were treated by open reduction and pull ing out wire, 34 males and 4 females, aged (26.0 ± 8.5) years. Among them, 2 patients were injured in the index finger, 11 in the middle finger, 18 in the ring finger and 7 in the l ittle finger. Thirtythreepatients suffered from sports injuries, 5 from fall ing wounds. The average time between the injury and the surgery was(6.1 ± 3.1) days. In group B, 34 patients were treated by percutaneous pinning with plaster spl int, 26 males and 8 females, aged (28.1 ± 10.7) years. Among them, 1 patient was injured in the index finger, 9 in the middle finger, 15 in the ring finger and 9 in the l ittle finger. Thirty-one patients suffered from sports injuries, 3 from fall ing wounds. The average time between the injury and the surgery was (6.3 ± 3.6) days. All the fingers had typical mallet malformation, and X-ray films showed avulsed fractures of distal-segment phalanxes at the dorsal basilar part. Results The operation time was (61.8 ± 12.8) minutes in group A and (7.0 ± 2.6) minutes in group B. All patients in both groups were followed up for 6-24 months (11.9 months on average in group A and 13.2 months in group B). In group A, apart from 3 patients who had flap necrosis and infection, all the other patients obtained heal ing by first intention. One patient had palmar skin ulcer at 6 days after the operation and healed after proper treatment. Thirty-six patients gained bone union at (47.6 ± 8.7) days postoperatively and 2 patients had pseudarthrosis, which improved after reconstruction of the extensor tendon attachment point. According to the total active movement (TAM) functional assessment system, 10 cases were e cellent, 18 good, 8 fair and 2 poor, with the choiceness rate of 73.7%. In group B, all incisions obtained heal ing by first intention without pin-track infection, flap necrosis and migration of the pins and gained bone union at (27.7 ± 3.9) days after the operation. According to the TAM functional assessment system, 19 cases were excellent, 13 good and 2 fair, with the choiceness rate of 94.1%. There were significant differences between the two groups in operation time, compl ications, heal ing time and choiceness rate (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Percutaneous pinning with plaster spl int is simple in operation and has smaller incisions and fewer compl ications compared with open reduction and pull ing out wire, andproves to be a useful way in the treatment of mallet fingers.
ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of an innovative approach of follow-up in patients implanted with permanent pacemaker (DDD). MethodsA total of 400 patients who underwent permanent pacemaker (DDD) implantation between June 2011 and June 2013 were included in the present study. Patients were randomly assigned to the innovative and conventional follow-up groups in a 1：1 manner (200 patients in each group). The baseline characteristics were well balanced with no statistically significant differences in the mean age, proportion of male sex, prevalence of hypertension, position of the electrode or the device used between the two groups. At the end of the follow-up, patient outcomes were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe outcomes of patients were better in the innovative follow-up group, with higher degree of satisfaction, better state of health, lower incidence of complications, and less frequent readmission and follow-up visits (all P<0.05). ConclusionThe innovative approach of follow-up considerably improves patient outcomes, and can be useful in future clinical practice.