Objective To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of clavicle fractures.Methods A total of 363 cases of clavicle fractures were treated from February 1993 to November 2002, their case history data were reviewed and evaluated by epidemiological method.Results Out of 363 cases, there were 269 males and 94 females, aged from new born to 96 years. The locations of fractures were on left side in 159 cases and on right side in 204 cases. Neonatal clavicle fracture occurred in the case of delivery (0.28%). The causes of disease for adult clavicle fractures were traffic injury (52.1%) and daily falling injury(31.1%). There were232 cases of simple fractures and 131 cases of comminuted fractures. The fracture positions included inner(6 cases), middle(328 cases) and outer parts(29 cases). Multiinjuries occurred in 78 cases, the rib fractures concomitant with clavicle fractures were the commonest(31 cases).Conclusion The clavicle fractures are the common injury. Of them, traffic injury and daily falling injury arethe most common. The rib fractures are always accompanied with clavicle fractures.The main position of fracture is on the middle part.
早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是儿童盲的重要致盲原因之一，随着ROP防治指南的颁布以及ROP筛查工作的开展，我国ROP发病率和致盲率有所下降。正确认识和理解ROP分类、筛查标准和治疗指南；建立完善的ROP筛查体系，提高筛查水平；加强ROP临床和基础研究，将有助于进一步降低我国ROP发病率和致盲率
ObjectiveTo investigate the status quo of emergency resources in all township hospitals in a county of Aba Autonomous Region. MethodWe set up a uniform electronic version questionnaire between April 15th and 18th, 2015. The leaders of township hospitals filled in their information and uploaded the data including emergency medical services, human resources, medical device and technology application situation. Then, the data were statistically analyzed. ResultsFor these township hospitals, the service population was 2 206.05±846.95, the service radius was (25.5±14.3) km. The number of registered doctors per 1 000 people of resident population was 1.52, the number of registered nurses per 1 000 people of resident population was 0.47, and the number of hospital beds per 1 000 people of resident population was 1.69. The staff in all township hospitals included 74 doctors and 23 nurses. The constitution of positional titles and academic qualifications of doctors and nurses in these township hospitals was not significantly different (P>0.05). All township hospitals had a total of six ambulances, one of which was ambulance for rescue and monitoring, and the others were ordinary ambulances. The devices equipped in the ambulances and hospitals were not sufficient, and most doctors and nurses could only perform surrounding vein puncture, and debridement and suture surgery. They could not recue critically ill patients alone. ConclusionsFor these township hospitals, the service radius is too long, the number of doctors and nurses is too small, and the ability of service is insufficient. In order to meet the demand of emergency resources in ethnic areas as far as possible, we should increase investment and promote medical devices, increase the number of doctors and nurses, improve the personnel structure, and strengthen professional training.
ObjectiveTo understand variations in clinical epidemiology of lung cancer and to help with early accurate diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.MethodsThis research was based on the Lung Cancer Database of West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Clinicopathological data of inpatients with primary lung cancer from 2011 to 2018 was collected for analysis. Information regarding sex, age, smoking history, surgical resection modalities, TNM stage of tumor, and pathological subtypes was included.ResultsA total of 23 228 inpatients with primary lung cancer were included in this research. There were 1 932, 2 029, 2 162, 2 773, 2 975, 3 318, 3 993, and 4 046 patients in every single year from 2011 to 2018, respectively. The male-to-female ratio of patients had changed significantly from 2.00∶1 in 2011 to 1.34∶1 in 2018 (P<0.001). Statistically significant difference was found in age distribution of patients in different years, while elderly always accounted for the majority of all patients. More nonsmokers were among the group of lung cancer patients, the proportion of whom rose from 41.61% in 2011 to 52.47% in 2018 (P<0.001). The proportion of adenocarcinoma in all subtypes rose from 54.04% in 2011 to 71.73% in 2018, while the proportion of squamous carcinoma dropped from 29.04% to 17.67% simultaneously. From 2011 to 2018, the proportion of stage Ⅰ lung cancer rose from 15.68% to 40.79%. Patients with stage ⅠA1 accounted for 11.82% in 2018. In 2018, 60.78% of stage ⅠA patients had gone through surgical resection modalities, forming a stark contrast with the fact that only 26.48% of stage ⅠA patients adopted surgeries in 2011.ConclusionsFrom 2011 to 2018, the total number of lung cancer patients increased year by year. The proportions of female patients and nonsmokers rose significantly. Adenocarcinoma accounted for the highest proportion of all subtypes, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. There were more patients with early lung cancer and less with advanced lung cancer diagnosed, implying a gradual accumulation of weight on the early stages according to the TNM classification of lung cancer.
Objective To analyze the status of applying diagnostic test in imaging scientific study internationally and domestically, and to compare the application of the image diagnostic studies of our country with that of abroad. Method We hand-searched the diagnosis tests published in the "Chinese Journal of Radiology", the most influential in China, and in "Radiology’’, the most influential abroad, from 1998 to 1999 respectively. Then we evaluated each of the diagnosis tests according to the international standards. Results We searched 408 original articles in "Chinese Journal of Radiology" in which the diagnostic test articles were 12%, and 796 original articles in "Radiology" with the diagnostic test articles 23% from 1998 to 1999 respectively. In these diagnosis tests, by comparing the "Chinese journal of radiology" with the "Radiology", it was found that 19% applied blind comparison with Gold Standard, 28% calculated sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, 9% both calculated negative predictive value and positive predictive value and none calculated likelihood ratios in the former versus 64%, 57%, 33% and 26% and 3% respectivdy in the latter. Conclusions Compared with the international level, both the quality and the quantity of the diagnosis tests applied in the specialty of imaging scientific study in China are much lower and far from meeting the clinical requirement. Improving the methods of scientific study and carrying on more diagnosis tests with high qualities are of important significance in improving the diagnostic level of imaging.
ObjectiveBased on the requirements of the era of big medical data and discipline development, this study aimed to enhance the clinical research capabilities of medical postgraduates by exploring and evaluating some teaching innovations. MethodsA research-oriented clinical research design course was developed for postgraduate students, focusing on enhancing their clinical research abilities. Innovative teaching content and methods were implemented, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the teaching innovations among clinical medical master's students. ResultsA total of 699 clinical medical master's students completed the survey questionnaire. 94% of students expressed satisfaction with the course, 96% believed that the relevant knowledge covered in the course met the requirements of clinical research, 94% felt that their research capabilities had improved after completing the course, and 99% believed that the course helped them publish academic papers and complete their master's theses. ConclusionStudents recognized the teaching innovations in the course, which stimulated their initiative and enthusiasm for learning, improved the teaching quality of the course, and enhanced the research capabilities of the students.
Heart and kidney interact with each other. Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) refers to conditions where acute or chronic dysfunction of either the heart or the kidney leads to dysfunction of the other. Conventional classification of CRS outlined five subgroups according to the clinical presentation. This review focused on the epidemiology, new bio- markers, drug management, and renal replacement therapy of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ CRS, which emphasized the multi-discipline collaboration and individualized evaluation, in order to achieve goal-directed approach to renal replacement therapy.