Objective To investigate the current situation, problems of medicinal biotechnology in China, and to provide the relevant countermeasures for its development. Methods We surveyed the units which could carry out medicinal biotechnology projects in 30 provinces except Tibet, and compared the results with that in America.Results The questionnaire were returned from 25 provinces (83.4%), and there were 1 477 medicinal biotechnology projects carried out by 149 units in the past 10 years. These projects ranged from basic biotechnology to regenerative medicine and stem cell researches. The basic research projects constituted quite large percentage among all the projects. But the development levels in different areas were imbalanced, cross correlation with the development levels of economy. An echelon team of talents has been developed, most of them were trained in China. The invested capital differed considerably among units, in general the amounts were insufficient. Most invested capital came from the government. The number of patent application for projects based on independent-developed technology was small. This showed that project principals had a poor understanding of patents. More than half of units did not have a Bioethics Committee. From the search result for documents, the number of articles on stem research of China was close to that in America; and the number of articles on gene treatment and tissue engineering has already exceeded that of America. However, research on gene diagnosis of China was lagging far behind America. Conclusions An echelon team of talents has been developed, most of them are trained in China.We should give full play to the advantage of the distribution of qualified personal resources in developed economical areas so as to promote the applicability and popularity of medicinal biotechnology in less developed areas.Regarding to applicability and development, we should first develop applied technology to form the core competetiveness of basic research, technology development and application; we should also strengthen the training in ethics and regulation to establish a set of scientific assessment of medicinal biotechnology and management system.
ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of hospital infection management related to the hospital maternity ward, learn the risks of infection, discover problems existing in hospital infection management, and seek appropriate solutions for hospital infection. MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2012, using uniform questionnaire for prospective survey and field interviews, we investigated the hospital infection situation in medical health care workers, pregnant women, and live newborns. ResultsA total of 2 225 questionnaires were retreated with a retreat rate of 100%. Hospital infection occurred in 23 cases, of which 15 cases were maternal infection (1.35%) and 8 cases were neonate infection (0.72%). Maternal infection was mainly focused on reproductive tract, surgery incision and urinary tract. Neonate infection was mainly focused on lower respiratory tract and skin. The management system of hospital infection in the maternity ward was basically strengthened, but the infection monitoring work was still not timely, and staff training in infection control knowledge was not in place. The overall environment, sterilization, disinfection and isolation should be strengthened, and there were also some other safety hazards. ConclusionThe management of infection in hospital maternity ward is the key to control the infection in maternity ward. The infection management seems perfect, but there are still some hidden dangers. The management system needs to be improved and the management should be implemented strictly according to the system, in order to avoid the occurrence of infection in maternity ward and ensure the safety of patients.
Objective To know the training status and expectation of village doctors in remote and poor areas of Sichuan province and to provide the preferences for developing a viable and efficient training model. Methods The cluster sampling method, combined with questionnaire surveys and qualitative interviews, was used. A total of 463 village doctors of 302 village clinics in Pengzhou and Baoxing of Sichuan province were interviewed. Results The “three-side” phenomenon including the doctor being old, poor academic background and lack of female doctor in remote and poor areas of Sichuan was serious. In-service village doctors’ knowledge on public health and Chinese medicine increased through training. There were differences between the training village doctors participated and that they had expected. The cost of the training was somewhat high for rural doctors. The training system has not been established yet in remote areas. Conclusions Both quantity and quality should be considered in in-service village doctor training in remote areas of Sichuan Province, which should also consider local conditions and farmers’ needs . The in-service training system should be developed as soon as possible. It is suggested that the treatment of village doctors should be improved. Cultivating more young village doctors should be based on the stability of the medical team.
ObjectiveTo explore the trend and hotspots of research in the field of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), so as to provide a reference for clinical nursing and nursing research in the field of vascular access in China.MethodsAll PICC-related articles from 1806 to November 22nd, 2018 were searched in the Foreign Medical Retrieval System. The publication amount, year of publication, language, country, journals and impact factor, high-yield authors and high-frequent medical subject headings (MeSH) of the PICC-related articles were analyzed by using frequency, cumulative frequency, and constituent ratio.ResultsA total of 1 550 articles were included. They were published in 586 journals, of which 393 were included in Science Citation Index. English was the dominant publication language, and the top high-yield country was the United States. The top 16 high-yield authors published 199 articles, the top 3 of whom all had published co-operative papers, ranging from 1 article to 19 articles. The top 3 high-frequent MeSHs were “Catheters, Indwelling” “Catheterization, Central Venous” “Central Venous Catheter”.ConclusionsPICC has become a hotspot in clinical research, and the publication amount of relative literature has increased rapidly since 2000. Chinese scholars should improve their English and carry out multi-center cooperative research to improve the quality of PICC-related literature.
Objective To understand the urination of orthopedic patients after the catheter is removed, and to explore the influencing factors of urodynia. Methods Convenient sampling was used to select 160 patients who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Orthopedics of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from May to July 2020. Questionnaires were used to investigate the patients’ urination, and a logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the patients’ urodynia. Results A total of 157 patients urinated by themselves after the catheter was removed, with 102 cases of dysuria. Logistic regression results showed that male [odds ratio (OR)=0.282, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.092, 0.863), P=0.027], Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index score [OR=1.407, 95%CI (1.124, 1.760), P=0.003] and intraoperative fluid infusion [OR=1.001, 95%CI (1.000, 1.002), P=0.014] were the influencing factors of urodynia. Conclusion Most orthopedic patients can urinate on their own after the catheter is removed, but more than half of the patients experience urodynia during the first urination. Gender, mental status and intraoperative fluid infusion are the influencing factors of urodynia after urinary catheter removal after surgery. Clinical nursing staff should identify these influencing factors as soon as possible and carry out targeted interventions to improve the success rate of patients with urination after removing the catheter, reduce the incidence of urodynia, and promote the recovery of patients.
Objective To investigate the current prevalence of cerebral stroke and hypertension in Ganzi Tibetan state, so as to control stroke and hypertension in future. Methods A representative people sample of Kangding, Dege, Ganzi, Litang and Batang county was selected through randomized cluster sampling. Data of demographic characteristics, hypertension and stroke status were collected by face-to-face interview. Results 5 049 people were included, of which 48.6% were male, and 51.4% were female. The prevalence rate of hypertension and stroke were 23.4% and 1 894/100 000 respectively. The population with hypertension had high prevalence of stroke. The prevalence increased along with the age. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension and stroke is high in Ganzi Tibetan state. The causes may be ascribed to special geography surroundings and life style. It is very important to pay more attention to prevent and control of hypertension and stroke in this area.
随着对肝脏解剖认识的深入，CT、MRI等影像学技术的发展、新的断肝器械的应用以及外科技术的进步，肝切除的并发症和死亡率都明显下降; 随着腹腔镜技术在肝脏外科的应用，肝切除技术又有了新的发展空间，现仅就肝切除技术现状作简要回顾。