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find Keyword "癫痫" 783 results
  • 深部脑刺激治疗药物难治性癫痫的研究现状

    癫痫是一种短暂性脑神经异常放电引起人体机能出现异常的一种疾病,该疾病目前已然波及全球5 000万余人,人们通常使用药物控制发作,尽管引入了各种新型抗癫痫发作药物(Anti-seizure medications,ASMs),仍有约1/3的患者无法通过ASMs正规治疗得到有效控制,进而发展为药物难治性癫痫(Drug-resistant epilepsy,DRE),持续的癫痫发作会对患者的身体、心理、家庭以及社会造成严重的负担。随着神经外科对立体定向技术的逐步深入研究,研究发现深部脑刺激(Deep brain stimulation,DBS)是一种广泛应用于精神和神经疾病的有效治疗手段,目前,DBS在治疗帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)方面已取得良好成效,同时该技术的可调节性、可逆性及良好的安全性促使人们通过DBS对精神神经系统疾病进行更深入的研究。目前世界各地已有一定数量的患有不同精神障碍或神经障碍的患者接受DBS治疗,其运用于DRE也得到了良好疗效,本文就DBS的神经调控机制、相关靶点、副作用及研究现状作如下概述,以期对DRE的治疗提供治疗新思路。

    Release date:2023-03-13 02:15 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 癫痫和认知障碍双向关系的研究进展

    认知障碍在癫痫中很常见,常常继发于癫痫或由癫痫引起。目前普遍认同的观点是癫痫发作损害大脑并导致脑功能退化和行为改变。最近,癫痫与认知之间是否存在双向关系引起了人们的重视,分清什么是疾病和什么是症状最为重要。随着对癫痫病因学认识的逐步深入,癫痫发作、认知障碍和行为问题可能都是潜在病理状态下所表现出来的各种症状。癫痫和行为异常之间存在功能性关联,即癫痫活动可影响行为,行为异常又可改变癫痫活动。总之,以癫痫为中心看待其引起的行为问题的单向思维已经过时,这种观点甚至可能妨碍寻找和治疗潜在的病因。另外,对于癫痫合并症也应该引起临床医生的重视和治疗。

    Release date:2018-11-21 02:23 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 表现为局灶性癫痫发作的糖尿病合并脑脓肿一例

    Release date:2023-05-23 03:05 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Establishment of a risk nomogram model for predicting the excitatory response of vagus nerve in patients with functional epilepsy after radiofrequency thermocoagulation

    ObjectiveTo investigate the establishment of a risk nomogram model for predicting vagus excitatory response in patients with functional epilepsy after radiofrequency thermocoagulation.MethodsA total of 106 patients with epilepsy admitted to the neurosurgery department of our hospital from January 2016 to June 2020 were selected and divided into the Vagus excitatory response (VER) group and the non-VER group according to their occurrence or absence. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the risk factors of VER during SEEG-guided Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PRFT) in patients with functional epilepsy, and R software was used to establish a histogram model affecting VER in SEEG-guided PRFT. Bootstrap method was used for internal verification. C-index, correction curve and ROC curve were used to evaluate the prediction ability of the model.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that age [OR=0.235, 95%CI (0.564, 3.076)], preoperative fugl-meyer score [OR=4.356, 95%CI (1.537, 6.621)], depression [OR=0.995, 95%CI (1.068, 7.404)], and lesion range [OR=1.512, 95%CI (0.073, 3.453)] were independent risk factors for the occurrence of VER in PRFT under the guidance of SEEG (P<0.05), and were highly correlated with the occurrence of VER in PRFT. Based on the above six indicators, a SEEG-guided colograph model of VER risk in PRFT was established, and the model was validated internally. The results showed that the C-index of the modeling set and validation set were 0.779 [95%CI (0.689, 0.869)] and 0.782 [95%CI (0.692, 0.872)], respectively. The calibration curves of the two groups fit well with the standard curves. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of the two groups were 0.779 and 0.782 respectively, which proved that the model had good prediction accuracy.ConclusionFor patients with functional epilepsy requiring seeg-guided PRFT therapy, age, preoperative Fugl-meyer score, depression and lesion range should be taken into full consideration to comprehensively assess the incidence of VER, and early intervention measures should be taken to reduce and reduce the incidence, which has good clinical application value.

    Release date:2021-08-30 02:33 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 癫痫指南的目前状态:一项系统评价

    国际抗癫痫联盟(ILAE)癫痫指南工作小组创立于2011年,由14名国际成员组成,以系统评价的方式,鉴定和评估国际癫痫临床指南的质量,并确定仍需要发展方面的缺口。使用广泛的搜索方式,在6个电子数据库(如Medline和Embase)进行搜索,不包含任何语言及研究设计的限制。之后以系统评价的方式评价文献(1985-2014)。同时也检索了6个灰色文献数据库(如美国神经病学学会及ILAE)以最小化发表偏倚。2名评审者独立筛选摘要,回顾全文,并且进行数据提取。进行描述性统计及Meta分析。共计查找出10 926篇摘要。其中410篇文献被选出进行全文回顾,63篇满足指南的合格标准。在这些纳入的文献中,英文54篇,其他语言9篇(法语、西班牙语和意大利语)。所有指南中,29%并未明确其适应的年龄群体,27%针对成年人,22%仅针对儿童,还有6%特殊指出针对癫痫女性患者。评价纳入的指南主要针对癫痫持续状态的临床实践(n=7)、第一次痫性发作(n=6)、耐药性癫痫(n=5)和热性惊厥(n=4), 以及其他。大多数指南为治疗相关(n=35)或者诊断相关(n=16)。使用1~7分评分表(最高为7分)来评估指南的质量,整体来看质量为中等(4.99±1.05)。发现在一些主题中存在缺口(如老年癫痫),并且发现方法学质量方面存在相当的异质性。此项研究的发现为健康从业者关怀癫痫患者提供了有价值的资源,有助于指引优先制定、发展和传播未来的癫痫相关指南。

    Release date:2017-11-27 02:36 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 癫痫与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

    癫痫和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome,OSAS)均是全球主要的健康问题,两者合并存在并不少见,容易误诊和漏诊。癫痫和 OSAS 可相互影响,加重各自病症,导致学习、工作和生活质量的明显下降。及早认识和诊断癫痫 OSAS 的共病,及时采取针对两种疾病的有效治疗,将极大的有利于患者康复。

    Release date:2019-03-21 11:04 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Effect of pregabalin monotherapy on sleep structure and quality of patients with focal epilepsy

    Objective To investigate the effect of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) pregabalin (PGB) monotherapy on sleep structure and quality of patients with focal epilepsy. MethodsAdult patients whom newly diagnosed focal epilepsy were collected and treated with PGB monotherapy. The main outcome measures were the changes of polysomnography and video-electroencephalography (PSG-VEEG), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in epilepsy patients with PGB and baseline. Results PGB improved significantly sleep structural parameters, including increased total sleep time (P<0.001), decreased sleep latency (P<0.001), improved sleep efficiency (P<0.001), reduced wake time after sleep onset (P<0.001), increased sleep maintenance efficiency (P<0.001) and proportion of N3 sleep stage (P<0.001). In the group with poor sleep efficiency, 86.7% of patients achieved sleep efficiency>85% after PGB treatment. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). PGB reduced significantly PSQI score (P<0.001) and ISI score (P<0.001). No significant change in ESS score was observed (P>0.05). ConclusionsPGB could enhance slow-wave sleep (SWS), increase sleep quality and improve insomnia in patients with epilepsy without causing daytime sleepiness.

    Release date:2023-05-04 04:20 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clinical analysis of 102 Tibetan epilepsy patients comorbid with depression, anxiety, depression and anxiety

    Objectives To analyze the prevalence and clinical features of depression, anxiety, depression and anxiety in Tibetan patients with epilepsy and to improve the diagnosis and treatment. Methods 102 patients with epilepsy, who had been admitted to the Department of Neurology of the People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region from January 2017 to December 2017, were diagnosed according to the Chinese Standard Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders (3rd Edition) (CCMD-3). The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD 24 items) and the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA 14 items) were used to measure depression and anxiety. Different genders, ages, durations, frequency of attacks, and seizures types were analyzed for depression, anxiety, depression and anxiety. Univariate analysis was used to screen the factors that may cause depression, anxiety, depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of depression, anxiety, depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy. Results Among the 102 patients with epilepsy, 35 (34.31%) comorbid depression, 10 (9.80%) comorbid anxiety, and 54 (52.94%) comorbid depression and anxiety. Univariate analysis showed that there was a significantly statistical difference in the duration of the disease and the frequency of seizures in local patients with epilepsy (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of epileptic seizures and anxiety (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of anxiety in patients with a disease duration of ≤2 years was only 10.1% of those with a course >2 years [OR=0.101, 95%CI (0.012, 0.915), P<0.05]; and the frequency of seizures was not an risk factors for epileptic comorbid with anxiety (P>0.05). The rate of depression and anxiety in patients with seizure frequency >2 times per month was 4.853 times higher than that of patients with seizure frequency ≤2 times per month [OR=4.853, 95%CI (2.024, 11.634), P<0.05]. Conclusions Tibetan patients with epilepsy have a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, depression and anxiety. In the diagnosis and treatment, we should strengthen the understanding and provide the appropriate prevention and treatment to improve the diagnosis and treatment level.

    Release date:2018-09-18 10:17 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Nod样受体蛋白3及其抑制药物在癫痫中的研究进展

    癫痫病因复杂多样,多数癫痫患者病因不清,近年来越来越多的证据表明炎症在癫痫中发挥了重要作用。Nod样受体蛋白3(Nod-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体是目前研究最为深入的炎症体,抑制NLRP3炎症体具有潜在的抗癫痫作用,NLRP3炎症体作用机制及其各种抑制药物仍在探索之中,继续深入研究NLRP3炎症体与癫痫的关系,有利于进一步明确癫痫病因,推动抗癫痫发作药物开发的进步。本文对目前已知的NLRP3及其抑制药物在癫痫中的研究进展进行综述,为预防和治疗癫痫提供新的思路和靶点。

    Release date:2022-09-06 03:50 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 癫痫发作诱导 Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路的变化—新型抗癫痫治疗的潜在靶点

    癫痫是临床上最常见的神经系统疾病之一,目前癫痫最常用、最重要的治疗手段仍是药物治疗,而耐药性癫痫的存在成为当前抗癫痫治疗的一大难题。现已证明,Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路,作为大脑神经元发生的分子机制,在癫痫的急性期和慢性形成阶段均发生紊乱。Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路参与调节许多癫痫发作诱导的脑内变化,包括神经发生和死亡,从而参与癫痫发作的进展。然而该通路影响神经发生的动态变化及通过靶向干预达到治疗目的的具体作用时间仍需进一步研究。总之,Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路紊乱,可能成为未来有前景的抗癫痫靶点。

    Release date:2019-07-15 02:48 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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