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左心房粘液瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨左心房粘液瘤的诊断和治疗经验,以提高手术疗效. 方法 回顾性分析自1995年10月至2001年10月收治57例左心房粘液瘤病例,术前均经彩色超声心动图确诊,均在体外循环下行粘液瘤摘除术,同期行二尖瓣成形术5例,二尖瓣机械瓣置换术2例,三尖瓣成形术37例,房间隔缺损修补术2例,隔膜型主动脉瓣下狭窄环切开术1例. 结果 无围术期及手术死亡,随访1个月～6年,2例复发再次手术,捶⒙?.5%. 结论 左心房粘液瘤一经确诊应尽快手术,手术效果满意,复发率低;彩色超声心动图对诊断及术后随访有重要作用,应注意术后随访.

心脏粘液瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结心脏粘液瘤的外科治疗经验。 方法 回顾性分析1997年6月～2006年6月我院收治的113例心脏粘液瘤患者的临床资料，其中左心房粘液瘤98例,左心室粘液瘤2例,右心房粘液瘤8例,右心室粘液瘤4例,双心房粘液瘤1例。所有患者均在中度低温体外循环下行粘液瘤摘除术,同期行二尖瓣机械瓣置换术2例,二尖瓣成形术3例,三尖瓣成形术7例,腹主动脉取栓术1例。 结果 本组围术期死亡5例（4.4%）,其中2例死于多器官功能衰竭，1例死于低心排血量综合征，1例死于左心衰竭，1例死于恶性心律失常。其余患者均顺利脱离呼吸机，痊愈出院。108例患者获得随访,随访时间2～110个月,心功能Ⅰ级63例,Ⅱ级31例,Ⅲ级12例;复发3例,2例再次手术后痊愈出院；远期死亡2例，均为恶性粘液瘤。 结论 心脏粘液瘤患者被确诊后应尽快手术治疗,其效果满意,彩色超声心动图对诊断及随访均具有重要作用。

Clinical characteristics and postoperative recurrence factors of 1 106 patients with cardiac myxoma

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment experience of 1 106 patients with cardiac myxoma. Methods Clinical data of 1 106 patients with cardiac myxoma who underwent surgical treatment in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2002 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 749 (67.7%) females and 357 (32.3%) males. Results The highest incidence rate was at the age of 51-70 years. The location of the disease was: left atrium in 987 (89.2%) patients, right atrium in 99 (9.0%) patients, left ventricle in 10 (0.9%) patients, right ventricle in 8 (0.7%) patients. There were 1 013 patients of heart classification (NYHA) Ⅰ-Ⅱ and 93 patients of Ⅲ-Ⅳ. There were 301 patients with cerebral infarction and 57 patients with peripheral arterial embolism. Tumor size was closely related to hemodynamic symptoms (P≤0.05), but not to peripheral vascular embolism (P>0.05). Two (0.2%) patients died in hospital and 306 patients were followed up, with a follow-up rate of 27.7%. The median follow-up time was 7 years (range, 1-18 years). One patient died of all causes, and 23 patients recurred, with a recurrence rate of 2.1%. Among 23 recurrent patients, 15 (65.2%) patients were atypical myxoma and 8 (34.8%) patients were typical myxoma. There was no statistical difference in aortic clamping time, ICU stay time, ventilator-assisted breathing time, postoperative hospital stay time, postoperative mortality, or cardiac ejection fraction at discharge between the reoperation in 23 recurrent patients and the first operation in 1 083 non-recurrentpatients. Conclusion Cardiac myxoma is more common in middle-aged and elderly women, and it often occurs in the left atrium. The size of cardiac myxoma can affect the hemodynamic changes. Surgical treatment is effective. Atypical myxoma is more common in recurrent patients, and the effect is still satisfactory through surgical treatment.

右心室粘液瘤一例

Clinical analysis of cardiac myxoma leading to embolic events

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical manifestations of patients with cardiac myxoma and the factors affecting the occurrence of embolic events. Methods A retrospective study of 38 patients with cardiac myxoma diagnosed and surgically removed from January 2010 to December 2017 was performed. There were 11 males and 27 females at age of 32-75 (50.00±16.12) years. The patients were divided into a non-embolized group and an embolized group. The clinical manifestations of the patients were summarized and the factors leading to embolism were analyzed. RseultsOf the 26 patients in the non-embolized group, 22 patients (84.62%) had dyspnea, 14 patients (53.85%) had palpitations, 4 patients (15.38%) had angina pectoris, and 1 patient (3.85%) had heart failure. Of the 12 patients in the embolized group, 4 patients (33.33%) had dyspnea, 3 patients (25%) had palpitations, and 1 patient (8.33%) had angina pectoris. The mean diameter of the non-embolized group was 5.71±1.63 cm, and the maximum diameter of the tumor in the embolized group was 4.52±1.88 cm. There was no significant difference between the maximum diameter of the tumor in the embolized group and the maximum diameter of the non-embolized group (P>0.05). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 2 patients in the non-embolized group before operation. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 5 patients in the embolized group. Atrial fibrillation was more likely to occur in the embolized group (P<0.05). Conclusion Atrial fibrillation in the patients with cardiac myxoma is closely related to embolic events. The size of myxoma is not related to the occurrence of embolic events.

右心房粘液瘤累及三尖瓣一例

经食管超声心动图引导右心房巨大粘液瘤切除一例

原发性心脏肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结原发性心脏肿瘤的外科治疗经验，以提高手术疗效。 方法 回顾性分析1980年6月至2008年12月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的263例原发性心脏肿瘤患者的临床资料，其中男90例，女173例；年龄10～79岁（41±13岁）。良性肿瘤241例，其中良性粘液瘤240例，纤维瘤1例；恶性肿瘤22例，其中恶性粘液瘤7例，恶性间皮瘤4例，血管肉瘤5例，横纹肌肉瘤1例，肺动脉内膜肉瘤1例，平滑肌肉瘤1例，炎症性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，恶性淋巴瘤1例，滑膜肉瘤1例。手术完整摘除肿瘤252例（恶性肿瘤11例），局部切除肿瘤5例（均为恶性肿瘤），开胸探查取病理活组织检查6例（均为恶性肿瘤）。同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）5例，二尖瓣置换术5例，二尖瓣成形术4例，三尖瓣成形术9例，三尖瓣生物瓣置换术1例，主动脉根部及肺动脉成形术1例，肺动脉瓣置换术1例，肺动脉主干及左右肺动脉人工血管加肺动脉瓣置换术1例，肺动脉切开取栓术1例，经股动脉取瘤栓术5例。 结果 围术期死亡7例（良性粘液瘤6例、恶性粘液瘤1例），其中术中不能停体外循环2例，术后发生低心排血量、心室颤动3例，呼吸、循环衰竭1例，大面积脑出血1例；其余患者无并发症发生。随访247例（良性肿瘤229例，恶性肿瘤18例），随访时间3个月～28年，失访9例（良性肿瘤6例、恶性肿瘤3例）。随访期间良性粘液瘤复发4例，均再次手术治疗；良性肿瘤患者死亡13例（心源性猝死6例、脑卒中2例、肺癌1例、不明原因4例），其余216例均生存。随访期间恶性肿瘤患者死亡15例，术后生存时间为1～4年，死于肿瘤复发或转移11例，心力衰竭和恶病质各2例。 结论 原发性心脏肿瘤一经确诊应尽早手术治疗，良性肿瘤手术效果好，恶性肿瘤术中应尽量切除肿瘤。

Right anterolateral minithoracotomy versus traditional median sternotomy in left atrial myxoma treatment: A case control study

Objective To compare right anterolateral minithoracotomy and traditional median sternotomy in the treatment of left atrial myxoma. Methods Forty-one patients with left atrial myxoma treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2018 were divided into two groups according to the operation method: a right anterolateral minithoracotomy group including 15 patients, with 7 males and 8 females, aged 45.1±15.4 years; a median sternotomy group including 26 patients, with 10 males and 16 females, aged 49.4±11.9 years. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in preoperative clinical data between the two groups. All patients completed the operation without perioperative death. There was no significant difference in the operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamp time or the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. However, compared with the median sternotomy group, the right anterolateral minithoracotomy group had shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and postoperative hospital stay, and less volume of drainage and blood transfusion 24 hours after surgery (all P<0.05). After 3–106 months follow-up, no recurrence was observed in both groups. Conclusion Compared with traditional median sternotomy for left atrial myxoma resection, right anterolateral minithoracotomy is safe, effective and less traumatic. It can be used as a routine treatment for left atrial myxoma.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Traumatic Rapture of Diaphragm (Report of 32 Cases)

目的探讨腹膜假性粘液瘤的诊断和治疗。方法对本院1988~2002年收治的5例腹膜假性粘液瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并结合文献加以讨论。结果该5例患者的主要临床表现为腹胀、腹痛、腹部包块，其中4例行减瘤手术治疗，并在术后辅以腹腔内化疗。术后随访，1例3年内死亡，1例7年内死亡，另2例现已分别存活9年零5个月和3个月。结论腹膜假性粘液瘤是一种少见疾病，其来源多见于阑尾，术前诊断困难，多次针吸和血清癌胚抗原检查对诊断可能有帮助。多数患者术中探查可见腹腔内广泛病变，一次清除很困难，往往需采取多次减瘤术。外科手术治疗仍是目前有效的治疗手段。