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find Keyword "精神障碍" 19 results
  • 酒精所致精神障碍患者临床特征分析

    目的 讨论酒精所致精神障碍患者的临床特点,为临床护理提供依据。 方法 对2010年1月-12月出院的160例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版诊断标准的酒精所致精神障碍患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果 酒精所致精神障碍患者以男性为主,且多为青壮年;常发病者的饮酒年限>10年;职业以无业、职员、工人居多,其受教育程度偏低;常伴有躯体及精神方面的损害。 结论 长期大量饮酒可导致全身各系统不同程度受到损害,其晨饮及空腹饮酒导致消化系统疾病的发生率最高;酒精是细胞毒性物质,造成的损害是不可逆的,因此提倡合理、健康的饮酒。

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  • 有癫痫发作史患者的幻觉发生率与精神病理学意义

    癫痫发作活动已被证明与幻觉有关,而有癫痫发作史的患者产生幻觉的精神病理学意义尚不清楚。该研究的目的是评估有癫痫发作史的患者听幻觉和视幻觉的发生率,并调查它们与一些精神障碍、自杀意念和自杀企图之间的关系。这是一项基于人群的横断面调查,数据来自“成人精神疾病发病率调查”。采用精神病筛查问卷评估听幻觉和视幻觉,临床访谈表评估精神障碍,Logistic 回归评估幻觉经历与精神障碍、自杀意念和自杀企图之间的关系。共有 14 812 例成年患者[58% 为女性;平均年龄(51.8±0.15)岁]被纳入研究,1.39% 报告曾有癫痫发作(54% 为女性),8% 有癫痫发作史的患者述曾有幻觉[OR=2.05,95%CI(1.24,3.28)]。有癫痫发作史的患者出现精神障碍[OR=2.34,95%CI(1.73,3.16)]、自杀意念[OR=2.38,95%CI(1.77,3.20)]和自杀企图[OR=4.15,95%CI(2.91,5.92)]的几率增加。与有癫痫发作史但未曾述有幻觉的患者相比,有癫痫发作史合并幻觉经历的患者发生精神障碍[OR=3.47,95%CI(1.14,10.56)]、自杀意念[OR=2.58,95%CI(0.87,7.63)]和自杀企图[OR=4.61,95%CI(1.56,13.56)]的几率增加。总的来说,超过半数有癫痫发作史合并幻觉经历的患者至少有一次自杀企图。对精神病理的严重程度的校正并不能解释幻觉经历和自杀企图之间的关系。有癫痫发作史的患者合并幻觉经历是精神障碍和自杀行为的高风险标志。有癫痫发作史的患者出现幻觉与自杀企图之间有着尤其密切的关系。临床医生诊治有癫痫发作患者时,应该常规询问患者有无幻觉。

    Release date:2021-02-27 02:57 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 监狱精神卫生工作研究现状

    精神卫生作为重要的公共卫生问题,受到了广泛关注。而精神障碍是监狱里最主要的犯病因素,大约超过90%的罪犯患有精神障碍。2013年5月1日中国颁布实施的《精神卫生法》,明确界定了监狱精神卫生工作内容及职责,规定了监狱对精神障碍罪犯负有的责任,为监狱精神卫生工作的建设指明了方向。现就国内外监狱精神卫生工作研究现状作一综述,以期为新形势下中国监狱精神卫生工作提供相关参考。

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  • Person imagery in drawing tests in screening for mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    ObjectiveTo integrate person imagery from drawing tests in screening for mental disorders through meta-analysis to identify indicators that can effectively predict mental disorders. MethodsA computerized search of CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases was conducted to collect studies related to mental disorders and drawing tests, with a search timeframe of the period from the creation of the database to May 8, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using CMA 3.0 after two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted information, and assessed the risk of bias. ResultsA total of 43 studies were included, with 791 independent effect sizes and 8 444 subjects. Meta-analysis revealed that a total of 29 person imagery traits significantly predicted mental disorders, which could be categorized into 7 types according to the features: absent, bizarre, blackened, simplified, static, detailed, and holistic. The subgroup analysis revealed that the specific indicators of affective disorders included "excessive separation among items", "oversimplified person", "rigid and static person" and "hands behind the back". The specific indicators of thought disorders were "absence of limbs", "absence of facial features" and "disproportionate body proportions". Moreover, there were seven common indicators of mental disorders, including "oversimplified drawing", "very small drawing", "very small person", "weak or intermittent lines", "single line limb", "absence of hands or feet" and "no expression or dullness''. ConclusionThe findings could provide a reference standard for selection and interpretation of drawing indicators, promote standardization of the drawing test, and enhance the accuracy of results in screening for mental disorders.

    Release date:2024-12-27 01:56 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 体外循环心脏直视手术后并发精神障碍的临床分析

    目的 探讨体外循环心脏直视手术后并发精神障碍的病因和防治措施,以减少术后精神障碍并发症的发生。 方法 对1998年1月至2007年5月收治的45例体外循环心脏直视术后发生精神障碍患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析其危险因素、临床表现、防治措施和预后。 结果 45例患者经积极治疗,精神症状大多在4d内痊愈,且无复发。术后死亡2例,其中1例双瓣膜置换术患者术后3d死于低心排血量,1例于冠状动脉旁路移植术后8d死于以肾功能衰竭为主的多器官功能衰竭。随访29例,随访率67.4%(29/43),随访时间2~43个月(21.5±7.8个月),无精神障碍复发者;失访14例。 结论 体外循环心脏直视手术后精神障碍的发生是由于病理生理、环境、个体因素等多种因素作用的结果,应采取综合防治措施。

    Release date:2016-08-30 06:04 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 放射性脑损伤所致精神障碍一例

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  • The interaction mechanism of mental disorders and diabetes and the current status of intervention

    The interaction mechanism between mental disorders and diabetes is complex, involving genetics, endocrine metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and other aspects, which makes it difficult to treat patients with mental disorders complicated by diabetes. Such patients mostly use drugs and non-drug interventions to relieve symptoms of mental disorders and improve blood sugar levels, but the mechanism of mental disorders and diabetes needs to be systematically summarized and needs practical means to intervene. This article starts with the pathogenesis of diabetes and then describes the interaction mechanism of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and diabetes in detail. Finally, the intervention measures for patients with mental disorders complicated by diabetes are summarized, which aims to provide a reference for medical staff engaged in related work.

    Release date:2021-08-24 05:14 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • A method of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph

    The causes of mental disorders are complex, and early recognition and early intervention are recognized as effective way to avoid irreversible brain damage over time. The existing computer-aided recognition methods mostly focus on multimodal data fusion, ignoring the asynchronous acquisition problem of multimodal data. For this reason, this paper proposes a framework of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph (VG) to solve the problem of asynchronous data acquisition. First, time series electroencephalograms (EEG) data are mapped to spatial visibility graph. Then, an improved auto regressive model is used to accurately calculate the temporal EEG data features, and reasonably select the spatial metric features by analyzing the spatiotemporal mapping relationship. Finally, on the basis of spatiotemporal information complementarity, different contribution coefficients are assigned to each spatiotemporal feature and to explore the maximum potential of feature so as to make decisions. The results of controlled experiments show that the method in this paper can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of mental disorders. Taking Alzheimer's disease and depression as examples, the highest recognition rates are 93.73% and 90.35%, respectively. In summary, the results of this paper provide an effective computer-aided tool for rapid clinical diagnosis of mental disorders.

    Release date:2023-08-23 02:45 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clinical Study of Psychotic Disorder after Gravis Type of Craniocerebral Injury

    摘要:目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤后早期精神障碍临床特征及治疗方法,以提高患者的生活质量。方法:对我院48例重型颅脑损伤后早期精神障碍患者进行回顾性分析,观察精神障碍出现的时间、精神障碍的类型及预后及颅脑损伤的部位与精神障碍的关系。结果:重型颅脑损伤后精神障碍主要出现在伤后3周内,多继发于颞叶损伤,其次为额叶。临床上主要有躁狂型、抑郁型、痴呆型、精神分裂性等四型,其中以躁狂型为多见。通过治疗后,lt;1个月精神症状痊愈25例、lt;2个月痊愈13例、治疗gt;2个月仍有精神症状10例。结论:颅脑损伤后精神障碍在原发脑损伤的有效治疗前提下,辅以抗精神障碍药物治疗、心理治疗及高压氧治疗等可取得较好疗效。

    Release date:2016-09-08 10:12 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Rapunzel 综合征一例

    Release date:2024-02-29 12:03 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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