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find Keyword "综述" 1047 results
  • Current progress on the study of microparticles in ocular fundus diseases

    Microparticles are small vesicles that are released by budding of the plasma membrane during cellular activation and apoptotic cell breakdown. A spectrum of cell types can release microparticles including endothelial cells, platelets, macrophages, lymphocytes and tumor cells. Biological effects of microparticles mainly include procoagulant activity, inhibition of inflammation and cancer progression. The present study shows that vitreous microparticles isolated from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and increased new vessel formation, promoting the pathological neovascularization in PDR patients. Oxidative stress induces the formation of retina pigment epithelium-derived microparticles carrying membrane complement regulatory proteins, which is associated with drusen formation and age related macular degeneration. Microparticles from lymphocyte (LMP) play an important role in anti-angiogenesis by altering the gene expression pattern of angiogenesis-related factors in macrophages. Besides, LMP are important proapoptotic regulators for retinoblastoma cells through reduction of spleen tyrosine kinase expression and upregulation of the p53-p21 pathway which ultimately activates caspase-3. However, how to apply the microparticles in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases is a major challenge, because the study of the microparticles in the fundus diseases is still limited. Further studies conducted would certainly enhance the application of microparticles in the fundus diseases.

    Release date:2018-03-16 02:36 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 蓝黄色视野检查在老年性黄斑变性中的应用

      蓝黄色视野检查(B/YP)又称短波视野检查(SWAP),是一种将色觉与视野检查结合形成的新视野检查方法,与常规视野检查结果有较好的一致性,而且检查出的缺损面积更大,缺损深度更深,对视野缺损的检出更为敏感,可以比传统方法更早检测出老年性黄斑变性(AMD)的视野丢失,是一种快速、非侵入性且易于被AMD患者掌握的检测方法,能为临床早期发现、诊断及治疗AMD提供较可靠的依据。

    Release date:2016-09-02 05:41 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射的临床应用

    糖皮质激素制剂曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射对控制视网膜、葡萄膜和视神经的炎症,抑制增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy, PVR)和视网膜、脉络膜 及虹膜的新生血管形成以及治疗各种病变所 致的黄斑水肿显示出良好的临床效果和较为广泛的应用前景。但对其眼科应用的适应证、剂 型和给药剂量、远期疗效以及副作用还需进一步总结研究,注意防止临床滥用现象的发生。 (中华眼底病杂志,2003,19:201-268)

    Release date:2016-09-02 06:00 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The status and advances in the application of fundus autofluorescence in noninfectious uveitis

    Noninfectious uveitis refers to a category of inflammatory diseases involving the uvea, with the exception of infectious factors or masquerade syndrome. The diagnosis and follow-up of noninfectious uveitis that involving retina or choroid require fundus imaging techniques. Fundus autofluorescence is a noninvasive imaging technique. Compared with fundus colorized photography, fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence indicates the functional status of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells in a better way, thus playing a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms investigating, early diagnosis, disease progression monitoring and prognosis estimating of noninfectious uveitis, such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, Behçet disease, multifocal choroiditis, punctate inner choroidopathy, birdshot chorioretinopathy, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis.

    Release date:2018-01-17 03:16 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 玻璃体视网膜交界面超微结构及其年龄相关性改变

    玻璃体视网膜交界面由玻璃体基底部、玻璃体后皮质与视网膜内界膜构成。玻璃体基底部借Ⅱ型胶原垂直插入内界膜形成紧密连接,玻璃体后皮质区则经"分子胶"模型、新糖蛋白模型及核纤层蛋白细胞模型形成相对松散的连接。随着年龄增长,玻璃体基底部后缘会逐渐向后延伸形成新的紧密连接,而玻璃体后皮质区则会由于内界膜增厚、基质降解酶浓度升高、自由基累积等致使玻璃体视网膜交界面粘连作用减弱,甚至形成玻璃体后脱离。玻璃体黄斑牵拉综合征、黄斑裂孔、孔源性视网膜脱离等玻璃体视网膜交界面疾病均被证实与玻璃体视网膜交界面状态密切相关。正确认识玻璃体视网膜交界面超微结构及年龄相关性改变是了解玻璃体视网膜交界面疾病的基础。

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  • The role of ras homolog family/ras homolog family kinase signaling pathway and its inhibitors in the optic nerve disease

    Ras homolog family (Rho)/ Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway widely exists in human and mammal cells, which is closely related to inhibition of repair after optic nerve damage. The expression level of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway-related proteins is up-regulated in glaucoma, and related with the death of retinal ganglionic cell (RGC) and the axon activity. ROCK inhibitors can protect the surviving RGC and promote axon extension with a dose-dependent manner. ROCK inhibitors also can inhibit glial scar formation, lower intraocular pressure and inhibit inflammatory response to some degrees. Rho/ROCK signaling pathway correlates with the optic nerve disease progression, and ROCK inhibitors hope to become a new therapeutic drug.

    Release date:2017-09-19 03:09 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 小管间质性肾炎-葡萄膜炎综合征

    小管间质性肾炎-葡萄膜炎综合征是一种新发现的疾病,多发生于青少年女性。其全身表现主要有乏力、体重减轻、发热、恶心呕吐、腹痛或腰痛,眼部一般表现为双眼非肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎,葡萄膜炎和间质性肾炎发生的时间间隔一般在1年内。实验室检查发现贫血、红细胞沉降率增高、肾功能不全、尿beta;2-微球蛋白升高,肾活检显示肾间质炎症细胞浸润。细胞免疫可能在其发病中起重要作用。治疗以局部和全身应用糖皮质激素为主,预后较好,肾炎一般不复发,而葡萄膜炎易复发。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 325-326)

    Release date:2016-09-02 06:01 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Research progress of serum anti-retinal autoantibodies in retinal diseases

    Serum anti-retinal autoantibodies (ARA) are a group of autoantibodies that bind to retinal auto-antigens with significant biological importance in pathological processes such as retinal degeneration, inflammatory microenvironment formation, and tissue destruction. In recent years, the expression of serum anti-retinal antibodies has been found to be upregulated in patients with various blinding retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa, closely correlated with the progression of diseases. However, current researches on ARA are incomplete, lacking animal experiments and large randomized controlled clinical trials. As a result, the exact mechanism of ARA is not well understood. Although several studies have demonstrated that serum ARA has an important diagnostic value in hereditary, autoimmune, and degenerative retinal diseases, there still lacks recognized laboratory tests and laboratory indicators with high specificity and sensitivity. Clinical symptoms should be considered when making definitive diagnosis of the diseases. Therefore, clarifying the mechanisms of ARA in retinal dystrophies provides new ideas in early diagnosis and treatments of retinal diseases, which is clinically and scientifically important for the maintenance of visual functions.

    Release date:2023-09-12 09:11 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The advances of epigenetics in diabetic retinopathy

    Epigenetics refers to the changes in gene expression level and function caused by non-genetic sequence changes. It can provide the time, location and mode of the genetic information for the execution of DNA sequences, including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA and chromatin remodeling. Studies had shown that epigenetics plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and it had been found that epigenetic-related treatment regimens had a certain effect on the treatment of DR through animal experiments and in vitro experiments. It was benefit to regulate the development of diabetes and its complications by depth study of DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNA and metabolic memory. An understanding of changes in gene transcriptional mechanisms at the epigenetic level could help us to further study the prevention and control of diabetes and its complications, and to provide new ideas for treatment.

    Release date:2019-03-18 02:49 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 炎症与脉络膜新生血管

    Release date:2016-09-02 05:48 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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