ObjectiveTo enhance the management of occupational exposure, improve post-exposure reporting, promote post-exposure follow-up, reduce blood-borne infections caused by exposure, and ensure occupational safety among medical staff by using comprehensive measures based on nosocomial infection management system.MethodsAll the reported cases of occupational exposure were retrospectively collected from August 2012 to July 2018. The cases were divided into the control group (from August 2012 to July 2015) in which the data were reported in paper, and the observation group (from August 2015 to July 2018) in which the data were reported by nosocomial infection management system. The report and follow up results of occupational exposure in the two groups were compared and analyzed.ResultsAfter three years application of nosocomial infection management system, the occupational exposure report increased 95.8% (increased from 16.7 cases per year to 32.7 cases per year); the follow-up ratio of occupational exposure after one month,3 months and 6 months increased from 65.0% to 93.3% (χ2=15.184, P<0.001), 45.0% to 73.3% (χ2=9.033, P=0.003), and 25.0% to 53.3% (χ2=8.522, P=0.004), respectively.ConclusionApplication of nosocomial infection management system can increase the report of occupational exposure and the follow-up ratio of occupational exposure significantly.
目的:探讨口腔科医务人员职业暴露的危险因素,提高防护意识,减少职业暴露。方法:通过2007年1月至2008年12月对口腔科医务人员职业暴露的危险因素进行回顾性调查分析。结果:易造成口腔科医务人员职业暴露的危险因素有:生物方面因素、物理方面因素、化学方面因素、环境方面因素。结论:加强学习和培训,提高防护意识。完善防护制度,严格执行操作规程,落实标准预防措施,加强监督管理,是减少职业暴露的关键。
As an important tool for nucleic acid detection of variant strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), the mobile air capsule construction laboratory is a key medical resource in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Medical staff, security guards, cleaners, maintenance workers and volunteers in the mobile air capsule construction laboratory have high contact frequency with the samples, so they have a high risk of infection with COVID-19. In order to reduce this risk, this article discusses the infection management measures in the aspects of wearing and taking off personal protective equipment, environmental health management, post use goods management, medical waste management, staff training management and disposal process after occupational exposure, and analyzed the common problems in operation, based on the operation process of Nanchong mobile air capsule construction laboratory. The purpose is to provide a reference for the construction and management of other mobile air capsule construction laboratory.
ObjectiveTo investigate the economic burden of the disposal of medical personnel after occupational exposure in medical institution.MethodA retrospective survey method was used to investigate and analyze the costs of inspection, treatment, and vaccination of 112 medical personnel after occupational exposure from January 2014 to December 2016.ResultsAfter the occupational exposure, the per capita economic burden on the medical institution for the exposed personnel was (331.80±66.16) yuan; the main expenditure item was the inspection expenses (93.53%); and the expenditure after the exposure of hepatitis B virus accounted for 75.40%, which ranked the top one in the expenditures of blood-derived infectious diseases. Occupational exposure was most likely to occur when dealing with sharps, and the cost of hospital spending accounted for 47.26%. After strengthening interventions such as standard prevention, the per capita cost of occupational exposures in the hospital from 2015 to 2016 showed a downward trend (P<0.05).ConclusionsOccupational exposure of medical personnel may cause a certain economic burden on medical institution. It is necessary to strengthen occupational protection, raise awareness of standard prevention, and reduce occupational exposure.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the contribution of occupational exposure to dusts / gases / fumes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) and respiratory symptoms in China. Methods Based on the crosssectional survey of COPD which was conducted in urban and rural areas of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong,Liaoning, Tianjin, Chongqing and Shanxi for residents aged 40 years or older, the association between the occupational exposure to dusts/ gases/ fumes and COPD and respiratory symptoms was analyzed. The recruited populations were interviewed with questionnaire and were tested with spirometry. The post-bronchodilators FEV1 /FVC lt; 70% was used as diagnostic criteria of COPD. Having any cough, sputum, wheezing and dyspnea was defined as having respiratory symptoms. Results The prevalence of occupational exposure to dusts/ gases /fumes was 20. 5% . As shown by multiple-variables Logistic regression analyses, occupational exposure to dusts / fumes /gases [ OR = 1. 20 ( 1. 04, 1. 39) ] and dusts of grain [ 1. 48 ( 1. 18, 1. 86) ] were associated with COPD;occupational exposure to dusts / fumes / gases [ OR = 1. 37( 1. 25, 1. 49) ] , hard-rock mining [ OR = 2. 31( 1. 67,3. 20) ] , coal mining [ OR = 1. 71( 1. 09, 2. 70) ] , dusts of cement [ OR = 1. 92( 1. 47, 2. 52) ] , chemical or plastics manufacturing [ OR =1. 58( 1. 37, 1. 83) ] , spray painting [ OR= 1. 46( 1. 16, 1. 84) ] , and other dusts or fumes [ OR = 1. 46 ( 1. 29, 1. 64 ) ] were associated with the respiratory symptoms. Smoking and occupational exposure to dusts / gases / fumes had synergic effects on the increasing risk of respiratory symptoms. The populationattributable risk ( PAR) of exposure to dusts / gases / fumes was 3. 94% and 7. 05% for COPD and respiratory symptoms respectively. Conclusions Occupational exposure to dusts /gases /fumes is associated with COPD and respiratory symptoms. Smoking and occupational exposure to dusts/ gases /fumes may have synergic effects on respiratory symptoms.
ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors for hematogenous occupational exposure by analyzing hematogenous occupational exposure in medical workers, and discuss countermeasures in order to reduce the occurrence of hematogenous occupational exposure in medical workers. MethodsWe summarized and analyzed the hematogenous occupational exposure reported by registered medical personnel in the First People's Hospital of Yibin City from January 2012 to December 2014. ResultsThere were 129 cases of hematogenous occupational exposure, and nurses were at high risk of such exposure (65.12%).The exposure occurrence focused in medical personnel with working time shorter than 5 years.The top three high-risk operational procedures were needle injection, puncture, and medical waste disposal; sharp instrument injuries (109 cases, 84.50%) were the main factor leading to hematogenous occupational exposure in medical workers.Sources of exposure were detected and confirmed in 92 cases (71.32%); after testing, 79 cases (61.24%) of infections were confirmed in the source patients with one or more blood-borne pathogens.Through scientific treatment, no infection after hematogenous occupational exposure was detected in the medical workers. ConclusionMonitoring and analysis of hematogenous occupational exposure can facilitate identification of key departments, target population and risk factors, which is important for taking appropriate interventions.
ObjectiveTo know the status and risk factors of occupational exposure in a top-class hospital in Sichuan, and provide the basis for occupational safety and protective measures. Methods"Hospital Medical Staff Occupational Exposure Registration Form" was used in this retrospective study. Statistical analysis was performed on medical workers' exposure data between January 2011 and June 2014 in a top-class hospital in Sichuan Province. ResultsA total of 139 cases of occupational exposures were recorded in some of the medical staff. There were more females than males. Nurses had the most exposures (70.5%), and the exposure sources were mainly human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus (27.9% and 21.0%, respectively). The exposure type was mainly sharp injury (84.2%). Exposure occurred mainly in surgery (47.5%), and different job or places had different exposure types with significant differences (χ2=12.683, 20.897, P<0.05). Sharp injury was mainly caused by the scalp needle and syringe, and the injured sites were mainly upper limbs (98.3%). However, exposure to blood and body fluids occurred mainly on upper limbs (54.5%) or face (45.5%). ConclusionOccupational exposures are mainly sharp injuries, especially in surgeries. Women, nurses or medical staff with low qualifications had the highest exposure risk. Thus, occupational safety and protection training should be strengthened.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the occupational exposures and protective condition of medical staff in operating room for interventional therapy. MethodsFrom September to November in 2014, 46 medical staff in the operating room for interventional therapy were adopted to complete the occupational exposures and protection situation survey. After that, we analyzed and scored all the questionnaires. ResultsThe awareness of the medical staff about occupational exposures and occupational protection in the operating room was low; the awareness rates of doctors, nurses, and radiology technicians were 74.2%, 63.0% and 66.7%, respectively. The general condition of implement of occupational protection measures of the medical staff was bad, and the average rate of the doctors, nurses and radiology technicians was 51.3%, 43.9%, and 15.2%. ConclusionThe implement rates of occupational protection measures of the medical staff in Operating Room for interventional therapy differ much from the awareness rates. The rates in doctors and nurses are higher than that in radiology technicians. We should strengthen the education of radiation damage and protection measures in doctors, and enhance the training of iatrogenic injuries related knowledge in clinical radiology technicians to reduce occupational hazards.