目的:探讨急性上尿路梗阻性肾功能衰竭的治疗方法。方法:采用输尿管镜检查,酌情钬激光碎石,放置双J管内引流治疗32例急性上尿路梗阻性肾功能衰竭患者。结果:术后患者血清BUN、SCr均明显下降,尿量不同程度恢复,结石排净率90.6%(29/32)。结论:对于上尿路结石梗阻性急性肾功能衰竭的患者,急诊输尿管镜下钬激光碎石,疗效确切,创伤小,可同时处理双侧输尿管结石。
目的 总结超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血的临床经验。 方法 回顾分析2009年10月－2012年11月行经皮肾镜取石术后发生严重出血的6例（2.74%）患者的临床资料和对其进行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术的血管造影表现和栓塞疗效。 结果 患者平均年龄67岁，经皮肾镜取石术后急性出血1例，迟发出血5例，均有体外冲击波碎石史或糖尿病、高血压病史。肾动脉造影显示损伤动脉为肾后下段动脉、肾下段动脉分支，表现为假性动脉瘤5例，动静脉瘘1例。使用弹簧圈或聚乙烯醇颗粒超选择性栓塞，栓塞后出血无一例复发。随访6个月，5例肾功能未见下降，1例受损。 结论 经皮肾镜术后严重出血与术中动脉损伤有关，采用超选择性肾动脉栓塞术能够达到迅速止血、尽可能保全患肾功能、有效挽救生命的诊疗效果。
ObjectiveTo explore the perioperative nursing mode for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). MethodsA total of 866 patients with PCNL having undergone lithotripsy between January 2012 and December 2013 in our hospital were included in our study. Before surgery, they received position training, health education and psychological nursing. After surgery, patients received an integral medical wound care and pipeline management, as well as management of infectious shock and intercostal neuralgia. At the same time, we gave them dietary guidance and other health guidance. ResultsAll the patients were successfully discharged from hospital. Postoperative infection rate was 2.4%, septic shock rate was 0.2%, bleeding rate was 2.2%, urinary leakage rate was 1.5%, the rate of pneumothorax was 0.6%, subcutaneous emphysema rate was 0.3%, and intercostal neuralgia rate was 0.6%. The average hospital stay was (11.2±2.8) days. ConclusionThe innovative nursing mode and techniques have great significance on the success of PCNL surgery.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the third-generation super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) for the treatment of kidney calculi with diameter of ≤2.5 cm and CT value of ≥700 Hu, and discuss the feasibility of adopting the technology in primary hospitals.MethodsThe clinical data of 64 patients with unilateral kidney calculi (CT value ≥700 Hu, diameter ≤2.5 cm) treated in the People’s Hospital of Leshan Central District between July 2017 and July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. After random assignment, 30 patients were treated with SMP and 34 were with mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL). The pre-, intra-, and post-operative data were compared and analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and safety.ResultsThe unilateral lesion operations of both groups were successfully completed in the first phase. All patients were given double J tubes after operation, and there were no major complications such as post-operative hemorrhage and sepsis. There was no statistically significant difference in the post-operative hemoglobin decrease, post-operative immediate stone removal rate, post-operative stone removal rate after one month, or the rate of procalcitonin >0.1 μg/L between the two groups (P>0.05). The differences in the lithotripsy time [(29.63±6.28) vs. (25.21±5.19) minutes], post-operative hospital stay [(5.33±0.61) vs. (9.44±0.96) days], rate of indwelling renal fistula (3.3% vs. 50.0%), analgesic demand rate (10.0% vs. 58.8%), and postoperative infectious fever rate (6.7% vs. 26.5%) between SMP group and MPCNL group were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsSMP has the advantages of less trauma, low systemic inflammatory response syndrome incidence, less pain, quick rehabilitation, short hospital stay, tubeless after surgery, etc. It is worthy of extensive promotion in primary hospitals.
ObjectiveTo investigate clinical efficacy of percutaneous nephroscope in treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). MethodsEighty-six patients with SAP in this hospital from August 2012 to November 2015 were selected, which were divided into percutaneous nephroscope treatment group (43 cases) and laparotomy treat-ment group (43 cases) according to the difference of therapy modality. The conventional drug therapy was performed for all of them. The postoperative recovery, content of serum C reactive protein (CRP) on day 14 after operation, and post-operative complications were observed in these two groups. Results① The abdominal pain relief time, postoperative bowel sounds recovery time, normal body temperature recovery time, and postoperative hospitalization time in the percu-taneous nephroscope treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the laparotomy treatment group (P<0.05). ② The contents of serum CRP in the percutaneous nephroscope treatment group and in the laparotomy treatment group on day 14 after operation were significantly lower than those on day 1 before operation[(8.35±2.13) mg/L versus (31.44±3.45) mg/L, P<0.05; (16.42±2.44) mg/L versus (32.09±2.98) mg/L, P<0.05]. On day 14 after operation, the content of serum CRP in the percutaneous nephroscope treatment group was significantly lower than that in the laparotomy treat-ment group[(8.35±2.13) mg/L versus (16.42±2.44) mg/L, P<0.05]. ③ The incidence rate of postoperative complications in the percutaneous nephroscope treatment group was significantly lower than that in the laparotomy treatment group[14.0% (6/43) versus 32.6% (14/43), P<0.05]. ConclusionPercutaneous nephroscope in treatment of patients with SAP is effect, it has advantages of shorter hospital stay and early recovery, which could reduce incidence of postoperative complications, and it's mechanism might be related to systemic inflammatory response.
【摘要】 目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石的方法及疗效。 方法 2007年9月-2010年10月在B型超声引导下应用微创经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石138例，其中肾鹿角形结石64例，单发肾盂、肾盏结石38例，双肾结石8例，输尿管上段结石28例，孤立肾结石2例。 结果 136例取石成功，其中95例一期取石成功（包括双通道取石5例），41例二期取石，2例因经皮肾穿失败改行开放手术取石。27例术后体外震波碎石治疗。平均结石清除率78.9%（109/138）。平均手术时间112 min，平均住院时间10 d，肾造瘘管平均留置时间4 d，双J管平均留置时间4周。5例因术中出血较多需输血。11例术后1周内出血较多，其中3例需要输血。12例出现尿外渗。7例术后出现高热（gt;39 ℃）。随访: 98例伴有肾积水，时间3~6个月，平均4个月，24例积水消失，68例积水减轻，6例无改善也无加重；22例残余结石随访4~9个月，平均6个月，6例结石增大，16例结石无变化；87例随访12个月无残余结石，7例结石复发。 结论 微创经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石创伤小，恢复快，并发症少，疗效满意。【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the method and the curative effect of minimally invasive percataneous nephrolithotomy (mini PCNL) with holmium laser in treating upper urinary tract calculi. Methods From September 2007 to October 2010, 138 patients with upper urinary tract calculi were treated with mini PCNL with holmium laser under the conduction by type-B ultrasonography. Of the 138 cases, 64 patients had staghorn calculi, 38 had single renal pelvis or renal calyx stones, eight had bilateral renal calculi, 28 had upper-ureteral calculi, and two had solitary kidney calculi. Results Successful stone removal was achieved in 136 cases, among which there were 95 cases of stage-one nephrolithotomy (double tracts were used in five cases) and 41 cases of sfage-two neploolithotomy. Two cases were changed to open operation due to failures of percutaneous nephrolithotory. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotomy was used in 27 cases after operation. The average stone removal rate was 78.9% (109/138). The average operation time was 112 minutes. The average hospital stay was 10 days. The average nephrostomy tube stay was four days. The average double J tube stay was four weeks. Five patients needed blood transfusion in operations due to a large amount of blood loss. Eleven patients suffered from massive hemorrhage one week after operation and blood transfusion was performed in three patients. Urine exosmosis happened in 12 cases. And there were seven cases of high fever (gt;39 ℃) after operation. Follow-up was done for 98 patients accompanied by hydronephrosis for a time period ranged from three to six months averaging at four months. Hydronephrosis disappeared in 24 patients, alleviated in 68 cases, and did not change in six cases. Twenty-two cases of residual calculi were followed up for a period ranged from four to nine months averaging at six months. Enlarged calculi occurred in six cases and no change happened to the calculi in 16 cases. Eighty-seven patients without residual calculi were followed up for 12 months, and there were seven cases of reoccurrence. Conclusion Treatment of upper urinary tract calculi with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy with holmium laser is a simple and safe method with little injury, quick recovery, few complications and satisfactory results.
【摘要】 目的 探讨肾镜结合气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石的临床疗效。 方法 分析2004年9月－2011年3月男性膀胱结石患者87例的临床资料。结石直径1.5~6.7 cm，使用肾镜结合气压弹道碎石术治疗，统计手术时间、手术并发症。随访3个月，观察有无尿道狭窄。 结果 所有患者碎石成功，平均手术时间为37 min，无残留结石，无膀胱穿孔、感染性休克、膀胱大出血等并发症；术后3个月随访，经尿道手术者均未发现尿道狭窄。 结论 肾镜下气压弹道碎石术是治疗膀胱结石安全、有效的方法。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy via nephroscope in treating patients with bladder stones. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 87 patients with bladder stones from September 2004 to March 2011. The diameter of the stones were ranged from 1.5 to 6.7 cm. The patients underwent peneumatic ballistic lithotripsy via nephroscope. We recorded the operation time and complications, and observed the incidence of urethrostenosis 3 months after the beginning of the follow-up. Results All stones were fragmented and removed successfully. The average operation time was 37 minutes. No residual stone, bladder perforation, infective shock or severe bleeding of the bladder occurred. During the 3-month follow-up, no utethrostenosis occurred. Conclusion Pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy via nephroscope is a safe and efficient technique in treating bladder stones.