目的 通过检测脑胶质瘤患者血清中胰岛素生长因子-1（IGF-1）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达，探讨其与胶质瘤分级及预后评估的关系。 方法 2010年12月－2011年11月，采用双抗体一步夹心法分别测定A、B两组共40例不同级别脑胶质瘤患者术前、术后血清中IGF-1和GFAP浓度。 结果 高级别胶质瘤患者组血清中IGF-1浓度显著高于低级别胶质瘤组（P=0.009 0）；血清GFAP浓度显著低于低级别胶质瘤组（P＜0.000 1）。经手术治疗后且疗效评价为有效的胶质瘤患者，其血清中IGF-1、GFAP浓度较术前水平显著下降（P＜0.001 0）。结论 IGF-1、GFAP是两种较好的脑胶质瘤血清标志物，在其分级及预后评估中具有重要的临床应用价值。
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of tumor marker combining the probability of malignancy model in pulmonary nodules. Methods A total of 117 patients with pulmonary nodules diagnosed between January 2013 and January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Seventy-six cases of the patients diagnosed with cancer were selected as a lung cancer group. Forty-one cases of the patients diagnosed with benign lesions were selected as a benign group. Tumor markers were detected and the probability of malignancy were calculated. Results The positive rate of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin marker (CYFRA21-1), and the probability of malignancy in the lung caner group were significantly higher than those of the benign group. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CEA, CA125, NSE, CYFRA21-1 combined detection were 72.37%, 73.17%, and 72.65%, respectively. Using the probability of malignancy model to calculate each pulmonary nodules, the area under ROC curve was 0.743 which was higher than 0.7; and 28.5% was selected as cut-off value based on clinical practice and ROC curve. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the probability of malignancy model were 63.16%, 78.05%, and 68.68%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of tumor marker combining the probability of malignancy model were 93.42%, 68.29%, and 92.31%, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of tumor marker combining the probability of malignancy model were significantly improved compared with tumor markers or the probability of malignancy model single detection (P<0.01). Conclusion The tumor marker combining the probability of malignancy model can improve the sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.
Objective The article introduces the present status of the application of comparative proteomics in study of tumor marker. Methods This essay review the present status and advances of the application of comparative proteomics in study of tumor marker through refer considerable literatures about proteome, proteomics and tumor marker. Results Follow the study of human genome deepening; the paradox between the finiteness of genes’ number and stability of genes’ structure and the variety of the life phenomena is more conspicuous. Then, the study of proteomics was pushed to the advancing front of life science research. The application of comparative proteomics to tumor research becomes a hot spot nowadays. Conclusion Screening tumor marker via comparative proteomics is an extremely promising research.
ObjectiveTo explore the values of CA19-9, CA242, CEA, and CA125 single or combined detection on clinical diagnosis and prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer. MethodsSerum tumor markers CA199, CA242, CEA, and CA125 of 63 patients with pancreatic cancer, 33 patients with cancer of bile duct, and 27 patients with benign pancreatic disease were detected, and those patients were followed up after operation. ResultsThe levels of CA19-9, CA242, CEA, and CA125 in patients with pancreatic cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign pancreatic disease and cancer of bile duct (Plt;0.05). The sensitivity of CA19-9 alone was the highest in the four tumor markers for the patients with pancreatic cancer 〔79.4% (50/63)〕, but the specificity (61.9%) was lower than that of CA242 (83.3%) and CEA (80.0%). The specificity of combined detection of CA199+CA242+CEA was the highest 〔93.3% (56/60)〕. The level of CA19-9 in carcinoma of body/tail of pancreas was significantly higher than that of carcinoma of pancreas head or whole pancreas (Plt;0.05). The serum levels of CA19-9 and CA242 in patients with stage Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ/Ⅲ (Plt;0.05). Fifteen patients were lost to follow up, 48 patients were followed up 2－12 months with an average 6 months. The levels of CA242 and CA199 in patients with pancreatic cancer on 0.5 month and 3 months after operation were lower than those before operation (Plt;0.05). ConclusionsSingle detection of CA19-9 can improve the diagnostic sensitivity, and combined detection of tumor markers CA199+CA242+CEA can improve the diagnostic specificity. CA19-9 or CA242 is a valuable marker for evaluating treatment effects and estimating prognosis.
ObjectiveTo summarize the domestic and abroad articles related to the research on the relation between miRNA-221/222 and thyroid cancer, and explore the important effects of miRNA-221/222 in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. MethodsDomestic and international publications involving the relationship of miRNA-221/222 to thyroid cancer were screened and reviewed. ResultsMiRNA-221/222 is a tumor marker with high specificity and sensitivity in thyroid cancer. It has important significance for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer. ConclusionMiRNA-221/222 is not only related to diagnosis of thyroid cancer, but also have provided a new research direction and method for gene therapy of thyroid cancer．
Objective To study the usefulness of combined detection of 4 tumor markers in patients with recrudescent and metastatic breast cancer. Methods The serum levels of CA153, CEA, TPS and CA125 were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. A total of 1245 subjects entered the study. Sensitivities of the tests were evaluated in 1 000 patients with breast cancer (102 preoperative patients and 898 postoperative patients) and 245 with benign breast disease. Results The serum levels of CA153, CEA and TPS were significantly elevated in preoperative patients compared with metastatic patients (Plt;0.001). The serum levels of CA153, CEA, TPS and CA125 were significantly elevated in metastatic patients compared with non-metastatic patients (Plt;0.001). The sensitivity of the 4 tumor markers were significantly elevated in metastatic patients compared with preoperative and postoperative non-metastatic patients (Plt;0.05). The sensitivity of combined detection of the 4 tumor markers were 56.72% and 94.68% in preoperative patients and metastatic patients, respectively. The CEA elevation was bly correlated with CA153 and TPS levels (all P=0.000 1, r=0.410 and 0.396, respectively). Conclusion Combined detection of the 4 tumor markers may play a guiding role in post-therapeutic monitoring of breast cancer in progressive, recrudescent and metastatic patients.
Objective To summarize the domestic and abroad articles related to the research on the relation between microRNA （miRNA） and pancreatic cancer，and explore the important effects of miRNA expression patterns in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods “microRNA and pancreatic cancer” were searched as key words by PubMed and CNKI series full-text database retrieval systems from 2000 to 2012. Totally 60 English papers and 15 Chinese papers were obtained. Choice criteria：the basic research of miRNA and pancreatic cancer，the clinical research of miRNA and pancreatic cancer， and the prospect of miRNA in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. According to the choice criteria，31 papers were finally analyzed. Results The miRNA expression spectrum and specific miRNA expression such as miR-21，miR-34，miR-217，miR-196a，miR-10a，miR-155，miR-221，miR-222，miR-181a，miR-181b，miR-181d， and the family members of miR-200 and let-7 might be used as tumor markers to differentiate pancreatic cancer from normal pancreas，chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic endocrine tumors，and might be used as prognostic factor to predict the outcome. Conclusions miRNA expression spectrum are not only related to diagnosis of pancreatic cancer， but also have provided a new research direction and method for gene therapy of pancreatic cancer．
Objective To summarize the research progress of microRNA （miRNA） as a tumor marker in peripheral blood. Methods The domestic and international published literatures about circulating miRNA as a tumor marker in recent years were reviewed. Results The miRNA expression has universality，stability and specificity，and it is related to the occurrence and development of viarous diseases. Conclusion Circulating miRNA shows a broad application prospect in clinical diagnosis， treatment， and prognosis of tumor and other diseases.