目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中胆管损伤的原因及防止。方法:回顾性分析我院531例成功487例LC患者的临床资料。结果:术中胆管损伤7例:其中胆总管横断3例,胆总管灼伤2例,右胆管损伤1例,副肝管损伤1例。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术中正确判断解剖关系,正确解剖和显露Calot三角是防止损伤的技术关键,防止盲目电凝、钳夹止血,以及及时的中转开腹是预防胆管损伤的有效措施。
Objective To investigate the anatomic factors on iatrogenic biliary injury for elevating surgical safety and decreasing incidence of iatrogenic biliary injury. Methods The clinical data of 39 patients with iatrogenic biliary injury and anatomic varied factors in operation records from January 2000 to August 2009 in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College were analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-nine patients with iatrogenic biliary injury were divided into 5 types according to Bismuth typing, including type Ⅰ 6 cases, type Ⅱ 19 cases, type Ⅲ 8 cases, type Ⅳ 5 cases, and type Ⅴ 1 case. Anatomic varied factors included bile duct variation in 15 cases, cystic duct abnormal position in 10 cases, vascular variation in 13 cases, and porta hepatis rotation in 1 case. Biliary injuries were found during operation in 6 cases, 24—72 h after operation in 16 cases, and stenosis of biliary duct was found in 17 cases 3 months to 2 years after operation. Two cases were dead because of liver function failure or myocardial infarction, withdraw was 4, the other patients were cured. Conclusion Anatomic factors are important objective elements in iatrogenic biliary injury, paying attention to abnormal anatomic factors can effectively prevent iatrogenic biliary injury.
目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）并发症的诊断及治疗。方法 回顾性分析我院1994年3月至2009年3月行LC的1 634例患者的临床资料，对术中及术后并发症的发生原因及诊断和治疗进行分析。结果 本组发生并发症22例，发生率为1.35%。术中胆管损伤4例（0.24%），胃肠道损伤2例（0.12%），均行中转开腹手术。术后漏胆8例（0.49%），均行开腹手术; 腹腔出血4例（0.24%），行开腹手术2例，腹腔镜探查止血2例; 严重皮下气肿1例（0.06%），反复行抽吸治疗; 胆总管残余结石3例（0.18%），行开腹手术2例，消炎利胆药物治疗1例。全组病例经上述治疗后均治愈出院。结论 胆管损伤、漏胆、胆总管残余结石、腹腔出血以及胃肠道损伤是LC手术的主要并发症，及时诊断和治疗并发症是提高治愈率的关键。
ObjectiveTo explore technical essentials and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) guided by gallbladder ampulla localization on an imaginary clock for cholecystitis.MethodsA retrospective study of 8 707 continuous patients with mild cholecystitis who underwent LC from July 1998 to February 2018 at a single institution was conducted. Among them, 3 168 patients were treated by the traditional LC from July 1998 to February 2007 (a traditional LC group), 5 539 patients were treated by the LC with the guidance of the gallbladder ampulla localization on an imaginary clock from March 2007 to February 2018 (a gallbladder ampulla localization group). The conversion to open surgery, bile duct injury, return to the operating room due to postoperative massive abdominal bleeding, bile leakage without bile duct injury, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stays were compared between the traditional LC group and the gallbladder ampulla localization group.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the gender, age, course of disease, and type of cholecystitis between these two groups (P>0.050). The rates of conversion to open surgery, bile duct injury, return to the operating room due to postoperative massive abdominal bleeding, bile leakage without bile duct injury and the operative time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stays in the traditional LC group were 3.00% (95/3 168), 0.13% (4/3 168), 0.09% (3/3 168), 0.03% (1/3 168), (43.6±12.6) min, (18.7±3.3) mL, (3.6±2.7) d, respectively, which in the gallbladder ampulla localization group were 0 (0/5 539), 0 (0/5 539), 0 (0/5 539), 0 (0/5 539), (32.2±10.5) min, (12.4±3.5) mL, (3.5±2.8) d, respectively. The differences of conversion to open surgery, bile duct injury, return to the operating room due to postoperative massive abdominal bleeding rates, and the operative time and intraoperative blood loss were statistically significant between these two groups (P<0.050). The differences of the bile leakage without bile duct injury rate and postoperative hospital stays were not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.050).ConclusionThis study shows that gallbladder ampulla localization on an imaginary clock is useful for ductal identification so as to reduce bile duct injury and improve safety of LC in case of no conversion to open surgery.
目的 探讨三管一壶腹在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2011年9月至2012年6月期间九寨沟县人民医院外一科行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（术中均遵循三管一壶腹的解剖关系）的362例患者的临床资料。结果 362例患者中，慢性结石性胆囊炎317例，胆囊息肉45例。术中有3例（0.83%）患者中转开腹，2例（0.55%）患者发现副肝管，均未发生胆管损伤，无手术死亡。术后所有患者均随访半年，随访期间均无其他并发症发生，术后恢复均良好。结论 胆囊切除术中遵循三管一壶腹的解剖关系，可有效地预防胆管损伤等并发症的发生，其安全、可靠，值得推广应用。
目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC） 中采用提胆囊壶腹、看Rouviere沟、胆囊后三角入路法切除胆囊，对成功完成LC和预防胆管、血管损伤的临床意义。方法 2009年7月至2011年12月期间应用提胆囊壶腹、看Rouviere沟、从胆囊后三角入路法（研究组） 切除胆囊112例，同期常规方法（对照组） 行LC 55例，比较2组的临床疗效。结果 2组一般临床资料比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），具有可比性。研究组112例成功完成了LC，无中转开腹及并发症发生。对照组55例LC发生并发症3例，其中2例胆管损伤及1例左肝动脉损伤。研究组的并发症发生率明显低于对照组〔0 （0/112）比5.45% （3/55），P＜0.05〕，研究组和对照组间术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间及中转开腹率差异均无统计学意义 〔术中出血量： （8.95±3.95） mL比（8.09±3.91） mL，P=0.189；手术时间：（84.72±37.15） min比（77.05±37.22） min，P=0.212；住院时间：（6.40±2.39） d比（7.02±3.41） d，P=0.178〕。结论 在LC中，采用提胆囊壶腹、看Rouviere沟、从胆囊后三角入路法，相对容易精准解剖壶腹部与胆囊管移行区，完整显露胆囊壶腹部、胆囊管、胆总管及胆囊动脉，既是成功完成LC的保证，又可有效避免术中胆管和血管的损伤。
Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment strategy of bile duct injury (BDI) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). MethodsLatest progress was reviewed based on recent documents and the experience on BDI in LC in our department. ResultsWith the popularity of LC, BDI in LC is increasing. The reasons include illegibility and variability of local anatomy in gallbladder trigone,injury caused by galvanothermy, as well as operator’s overconfidence. In order to prevent BDI, we should apply more blunt dissection, not to use electrocogulation if possible and to study local anatomy and its variance clearly. The common bile duct and common hepatic duct should be clearly identified. Intraoperative cholangiography, laparoscopic ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy are selections as necessary.The treatment of BDI depends on the type of BDI and its site and local condition.The treatment includes end to end anastomosis, repairing the defect, choledochoduodenostomy, RouxenY choledochojejunostomy and so on. T tube should be maintained in place for more than half a year after operation.Conclusion The key to improve the prognosis of BDI is prevention and treatment in proper time and in correct way.
目的探讨胆囊切除术后再次手术的原因及其防治措施。方法对近6年我院收治的胆囊切除术后仍有症状，经B超、ERCP、MRCP、腹部X线平片及十二指肠低张造影等检查发现需再次手术的81例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并结合文献，对其常见原因及其预防治疗措施进行了讨论。结果81例患者根据不同病因予以了相应的手术，如残株胆囊切除术、胆总管切开取石术、十二指肠憩室手术等。再次手术均取得良好效果，无手术死亡。结论对胆囊切除术后仍有症状者应作全面检查，部分患者可找出原因进行相应治疗，能取得良好效果； 而且绝大部分的再次手术，通过术前评估及术中各种技巧的应用是可以防范的。
Objective To prevent bile duct injury, a new anatomy marker, named “common bile duct window” is created. Methods From November 2005 to March 2006, 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were researched in this hospital. All data were collected, including: age, gender, course of disease, body mass index (BMI), blood lipid level (triglyceride and cholesterol), the thickness of gallbladder wall and the degree of cholecystitis. The frequency, location and mean size of “common bile duct window” were recorded and calculated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of “common bile duct window”, and the diference of data between two groups was analyzed by using χ2 test or t test. Results “Common bile duct window” was found at the end of hepatoduoduenal ligament with oval-shaped, the mean longitude of “common bile duct window” was (1.20±0.60) cm, and mean width was (0.45±0.30) cm. “Common bile duct window” were found in 81.6% (49/60) of patients. Age, gender, course of disease, BMI, triglyceride and cholesterol were proved to have no relationship with the presence of “common bile duct window” （Pgt;0.05）, but the thickness of gallbladder wall and the degree of cholecystitis affected the presence （P＜0.05）. Conclusion An oval-shaped “common bile duct window” can be found in almost all patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During the operation, the common bile duct can be located easily by the surgeon through “common bile duct window”, thereby to avoid common bile duct injury when the cyst duct was dissected. It is believed that during laparoscopic cholecystectomy the chances of bile duct injuries can be effectively decreased by the presence of “common bile duct window”.