目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊及胆总管结石的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月期间收治于笔者所在科室的96例胆囊及胆总管结石患者的临床资料，根据手术方式分为开腹组、腹腔镜联合胆道镜＋T管引流术组和腹腔镜联合胆道镜＋放置鼻胆管一期缝合组3组。对3组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间、残石率、复发率、并发症发生率、手术有效率及术后淀粉酶和肝功能指标水平进行对比分析。 结果微创手术组与开腹组比较，患者的出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间、残石率、复发率及并发症发生率均减少、缩短或降低，同时手术的有效率提高（P＜0.05）；腹腔镜联合胆道镜＋放置鼻胆管一期缝合组术后淀粉酶和肝功能指标的水平较其他2组明显降低（P＜0.05）。 结论微创手术创伤小，残石率及复发率低，并发症少，患者术后恢复快，是一种安全有效的治疗方式，值得临床推广应用。
目的 探讨纤维胆道镜在胆道探查术中及术后的应用价值。方法 对113例在胆道探查术中及术后应用纤维胆道镜治疗患者的疗效进行回顾性分析。结果 23例胆总管扩张合并黄疸且术前未见结石的患者，其中19例术中胆道镜发现结石并于术中取净结石，2例炎性狭窄，1例胆管癌，1例未见异常。58例胆总管结石患者术中胆道镜取净结石。32例肝内、外胆管结石患者术中胆道镜取净结石21例; 2例胆道镜发现结石集中于肝左外叶合并肝内胆管狭窄, 行肝左外叶切除; 其余9例患者的结石术中未取净，于术后6～8周再经胆道镜T管窦道取净结石。113例患者术后均无严重并发症发生。术后获随访98例（86.7%），随访时间6～24个月，平均14个月，2例复发，其余96例未见结石复发。结论术中应用纤维胆道镜可明确胆管内病变，降低胆管残余结石的发生率; 术后经T管窦道取石是治疗胆管残余结石的有效方法，可避免再次手术的痛苦。
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy and surgical techniques of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and primary suture. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 58 patients who underwent laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and primary suture between January 2009 and December 2014. ResultsAll the 58 patients underwent the surgery successfully. Operation time was 45-125 minutes, averaging 75 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was between 10 and 50 mL with an average of 20 mL. Postoperative hospital stay was 5-14 days with an average of 7 days. Four cases of biliary leakage were cured by conservative treatment. ConclusionWith operation indications strictly grasped and skillful operation techniques, laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and primary suture are safe and reliable with a good curative effect.
目的总结1例非肝移植胆管铸型患者的诊治过程。 方法对1例非肝移植胆管铸型患者的临床资料、辅助检查资料及治疗效果进行分析，并进行文献复习。 结果1例非肝移植胆管铸型患者经生化检查、胆胰管水成像（MRCP）、上腹部CT等检查诊断为胆囊结石伴胆囊炎、胆总管结石伴低位胆管梗阻。采取开腹胆道探查、胆道镜检查取石、胆囊切除、T管引流手术治疗。术中见胆囊缩小，与周围大网膜膜性粘连，肝十二指肠韧带水肿，胆总管扩张呈充盈状态。胆道镜下见肝内外胆管轻度扩张，肝外胆管壁炎性水肿较重，大量纤维素附着；胆总管末端通畅，可见胰管开口，进而诊断为胆胰合流异常。以胆道镜从胆总管内取出1枚结石，约2.0 cm×1.5 cm×1.0 cm大，质硬，表面光滑；另取出1枚胆管铸型，约3.5 cm×0.3 cm×0.3 cm大，质脆易碎，表面粗糙。该患者的手术顺利，切除胆囊术后病理学检查示慢性胆囊炎改变。术后恢复良好，未出现胆汁漏、出血等并发症。术后随访1年，复查上腹部CT提示无结石复发，肝功能各项指标均正常。 结论非肝移植胆管铸型较少见，胆胰合流异常是非肝移植胆管铸型和胆管结石形成的原因之一。胆道镜是清除胆管铸型和观察胆管内结构的重要工具。
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of anti-oxidative treatment in cats with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Methods Thirteen healthy cats as control group were made a model that resembling the common channel of pancreaticobiliary maljunction as in humans，and were divided randomly into two groups：7 cats in untreated group were not treated，6 cats in anti-oxidative group were treated with melatonin，vitamin C， and vitamin E. Six months later， the gallbladders of these animals were removed and histopathological changes were evaluated by pathological and electron microscopic examination. The level of MDA，amylase concentration in the gallbladder bile，and percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PNCA） positive cells were also test. Results All cats had survived for 6 months after operation. The wall of gallbladder and the bile became thicker in untreated group than that in normal control group， and there were no significant differences between untreated group and anti-oxidative group. The gallbladder epithelium became villous in appearance in untreated group，although the epithelium of that in normal control group was flat with few folds. The epithelial cells of gallbladder arranged tightly in normal control group， while a significant change such as endoplasmic reticulum expanding， intercellular space broadening， and cellular nucleus deforming were observed in untreated group. The things in anti-oxidative group were better than untreated group. The amylase concentration in the gallbladder bile was （203.02±65.04）U in normal control group，（9 368.09±2 204.42） U in untreated group， and（8 746.25±2 077.95） U in anti-oxidative group， respectively. The amylase concentration in untreated group and anti-oxidative group were higher than that in normal control group （P=0.003），and there was no significant difference between the untreated group and anti-oxidative group （P=0.642）. The percentage of PNCA positive cells was （7.29±2.70）% in normal control group，（54.71±10.90）% in untreated group, and （48.17±13.06）% in anti-oxidative group， respectively （F=48.11，P=0.001），and the percentage of PNCA positive cells in untreated group was higher than that in anti-oxidative group （P=0.001）. The level of MDA was （1.095±0.653） nmol/mg prot in normal control group，（2.745±1.533） nmol/mg prot in untreated group, and （1.302±0.771） nmol/mg prot in anti-oxidative group， respectively （F=5.17，P=0.017）, and the level of MDA in untreated group was higher than that in anti-oxidative group （P=0.017）. Conclusion The anti-oxidative treatment is effective to pancreaticobiliary maljunction.
目的 总结高龄胆道疾病患者的治疗经验。方法 对近2年来我科收治的60岁以上因胆道疾病入院的急、择期手术患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果 本组235例中行急诊手术78例(33.2%)，择期手术167例(71.1%)； 合并各种内科疾病者147例，占62.6%，其中以心血管疾病最多，71例(48.3%)，其次为呼吸系统疾病，54例(36.7%)； 术后并发症发生率为23.0%(54/235)，在并发症中以肺部感染发生率最高，占42.6%(23/54)，其次为泌尿道感染，占33.3%(18/54)，再其次为切口感染，占29.6%(16/54)； 全组术后近期死亡7例，占3.0%，其中死于肝、肾功能衰竭4例，呼吸衰竭2例，心衰1例。结论 高龄胆道疾病患者合并疾病多，手术风险性增加，术后并发症发生率较高，因此应加强围手术期的监护与处理，确保患者平安度过手术期。
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of biliary stent implantation through T-tube lumen and nasobiliary drainage through intrahepatic bile duct in the treatment of biliary leakage after biliary tract exploration.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of one case of bile leakage after common bile duct exploration admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nanchong Central Hospital in December 2016.ResultsIn this case, the biliary stent was placed in the T-tube lumen and the nasal bile duct was placed in the intrahepatic bile duct for biliary drainage. The guidewire was inserted into the hilum of liver through the tunnel in the T-tube cavity, and nasobiliary drainage was placed to the hilum of liver. In addition, a guide wire was inserted through the T-tube into the duodenum, and a 8.5F plastic stent was placed into the duodenum. One end of the stent was placed in the common bile duct, and the other end was placed in the intestinal cavity for biliary drainage. After drainage, the patient’s bile leakage stopped and the abdominal infection was controlled. Ten days after the biliary stent implantation, the patient was discharged successfully, the T-tube and nasobiliary duct were clamped 20 days after the surgery, and T-tube angiography and abdominal B-ultrasound were performed 2 months later, and it found that the scaffold of the lower common bile duct had fallen off, so removed the T-tube. The patient recovered completely after 2 years of follow-up.ConclusionThe means of T-tube tunnel biliary stent and the nasobiliary duct drainage through the intrahepatic bile duct are effective methods to treat biliary leakage, the operations are simple and easy to operate.
Objective To investigate the clinical value of " O”continuous biliary-enteric anastomosis combined with percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with PD who were admitted to Xinyang Central Hospital from June 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients completed the " O” continuous biliary-enteric anastomosis combined with PTCD without perioperative death. ① The preoperative indwelling time of PTCD tube was (13.24±3.39) d, total bilirubin (TBIL) was (363.67±12.26) μmol/L on admission and (155.59±17.63) μmol/L on preoperative after PTCD, respectively. ② The operative time was (231.46±18.69) min, the intraoperative blood loss was (158.30±31.33) mL, the diameter of the hepatic ductal segment was (1.3±0.2) cm, and the duration of the " O” continuous biliary-enteric anastomosis was (7.31±1.52) min. ③ After surgery, the indwelling time of PTCD tube was (8.13±1.49) d, the hospitalization time was (27.31±5.49) d. Biliary leakage occurred in 1 case, pancreatic fistula occurred in 5 cases (3 cases of biochemical sputum and 2 cases of B-stage pancreatic fistula), abdominal infection occurred in 2 cases, pneumonia occurred in 3 cases, wound infection occurred in 2 cases. No postoperative biliary-enteric anastomosis stenosis, biliary tract infection, and intra-abdominal hemorrhage occurred. There was no laparotomy patients in this group and all patients were discharged. ④ All patients were followed-up for 180 days after surgery. No death, bile leakage, biliary-enteric anastomotic stenosis, biliary tract infection, pancreatic fistula, gastro-intestinal leakage, and abdominal infection occurred. One case of delayed gastric emptying and 2 cases of alkaline reflux gastritis were cured after outpatient treatment. Conclusions The preoperative PTCD can improve the preoperative liver function and increase the security of PD. " O” continuous biliary-enteric anastomosis is simple, safe, feasible, and has the function of preventing biliary-enteric anastomosis stenosis. For severe jaundice patients with blood TBIL >170 μmol/L, the " O” continuous biliary-enteric anastomosis combined with PTCD is an alternative surgical procedure for PD.
ObjectiveTo systematically review efficacy of endoscopic ultrasonography guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) on patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.MethodsThe PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, WanFang Data, and CNKI were searched online to collect the randomized controlled trials or cohort studies of EUS-BD versus PTBD on the patients with malignant obstructive jaundice from inception to November 30, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of included the studies, then the meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsThree randomized controlled trials and 6 cohort studies involving 496 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with the PTBD, the EUS-BD had the lower occurrence of complications [OR=0.30, 95% CI (0.20, 0.47), P<0.000 01], lower rate of reintervention [OR=0.11, 95% CI (0.06, 0.22), P<0.000 01], shorter hospital stay [MD=–3.42, 95% CI (–6.72, –0.13), P=0.04], and less hospital costs [SMD=–0.83, 95% CI (–1.16, –0.49), P<0.000 01]. There were no significant differences in the technical success rate [OR=0.88, 95% CI (0.20, 3.85), P=0.86] and clinical effective rate [OR=1.73, 95% CI (0.97, 3.11), P=0.06] between the two groups.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that EUS-BD has some advantages of lower occurrence of complications, lower rate of reintervention, shorter hospital stay, and less hospital costs in treatment of patients with malignant obstructive jaundice as compared with PTBD. There are no significant differences between two groups in technical success rate and clinical effective rate. Due to limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high quality studies required to be verified above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of near infra-red fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) in biliary tract surgery, and to provide protection for improvements of therapeutic effect and safety of biliary tract surgery.MethodThe relevant literatures about studies on NIRFI in the biliary tract surgery in recent years were reviewed.ResultsThe NIRFI had been preliminarily used in the surgical treatment of benign and malignant biliary diseases, and had shown its unique value in cholangiography. It provided a new method for effectively avoiding surgical complications, shortening operation time, reducing the rate of conversion to open surgery, evaluating blood supply of bile duct and improving the safety of operation.ConclusionsNIRFI has achieved notable successes in treatment of biliary tract diseases. With future application of fluorescence imaging in near infra-red Ⅱ window and new specific fluorescence targeting molecules, this technique will highlight its more important values in biliary surgery.