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日本的灾害综合性支援及其启示

饮食节制及营养敏感通路对生物寿命的影响

适度饮食节制、诱导基因突变或使用化学制剂降低对营养敏感信号通路的活性，均有助于生物延长寿命。对于啮齿动物，降低营养敏感通路的活性可减少包括肿瘤和神经退行性疾病在内的年龄相关疾病的发生率。对于人类，饮食节制可在增加寿命的同时，帮助预防心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症。诱导生长激素、雷帕霉素受体相关的营养敏感通路突变则可减少糖尿病和肿瘤发生，促使寿命延长。可见控制饮食摄入和降低营养敏感通路的活性，两者减缓衰老的作用机制存在相似之处，且在进化中是相对保守的。该文将分析相关研究的结果，探讨饮食节制及相关营养敏感通路在干预生物衰老及年龄相关疾病方面的潜在应用价值。

利用手机短信对糖尿病患者进行自我管理健康教育的研究进展

虽然目前已有很多关于糖尿病自我管理教育的研究，但仍无足够的证据证明个体化教育能够明显改善糖尿病患者的血糖、体质量指数和血压。目前国内外已有很多学者和保健工作者将手机作为教育患者或帮助他们管理疾病的一种方式，在医疗卫生领域得到了广泛应用。该文就近年来利用手机短信对糖尿病患者进行自我管理健康教育的概念、干预对象、具体技术内容、评价指标和效果进行了综述。

The Investigation of the Appliances for Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Male Patients

目的:了解成都市住院老年男性尿失禁患者尿失禁处理用物的使用及并发症发生情况。方法:用自行设计的量表对188位尿失禁老人的一般情况、尿失禁的分级及处理用物等进行调查。结果:随着尿失禁的严重程度的增加,患者或其家人选择的处理用物增加。男性尿失禁的不同处理用物被选用的多少依次为:尿布(585%)、尿壶(340%)、一次性尿垫(255%)、保鲜袋(186%)、避孕套式尿袋(69%)、留置导尿(37%)及假性尿器(27%),不同尿失禁分级的患者对处理用物的选择差异有统计学意义(Plt;005);2周患者399%发生漏尿,133%局部皮肤发红,27%皮肤糜烂及21%尿路感染。结论:临床工作中应该根据尿失禁的不同分级及患者的综合情况指导患者及其照顾者选择合适的处理用物,目前老年男性尿失禁患者仍然欠缺舒适、经济、实用的接尿设备。

一种多腔气管导管介绍

Research on the Reformation of Undergraduate Course of Geriatric Nursing

ObjectiveTo analyze the methods and effects of the reformation of undergraduate course of geriatric nursing in China. MethodsIn the spring semester of 2012 and 2013, we implemented the experiential scenario teaching and autonomous group learning with simulation and heuristic teaching method, and the nursing undergraduates were given scale of Kogan's attitude toward older people and Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz 1 for investigation. The attitude to and knowledge on the elderly were compared before and after the study. Meanwhile, we also surveyed the interest in geriatric nursing among the students. ResultsThe interest in, attitude to and knowledge on the elderly among the students increased considerably after the teaching reformation. ConclusionThe undergraduate course teaching reformation of geriatric nursing with the simulation and heuristic teaching method has achieved good effects, and it can be widely used in geriatric nursing teaching in China. In the future, the reformation should focus on improving the students' professional interests and career choice.

A survey and analysis of the status quo of implementation of Intravenous Practice Standard in a tertiary A hospital

Objective To investigate the status quo of implementation ofIntravenous Practice Standard in a tertiary A hospital in Sichuan. Methods At 09:00-11:30 am, on March 16th, 2016, a questionnaire designed by intravenous team (IV Team) was used to conduct the investigation in all the inpatiets according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The SPSS 17.0 software was used to perform all statistical analysis. Results The intravenous infusion rate in the hospital was 76.87%, while the rate in Emergency Department peaked up to 96.11%. Indwelling needle was the most common used device for intravenous therapy in clinical practice, which was used in 77.91% of the inpatients, and steel needle, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), central venous catheter, and implantable venous access port were also widely used. Peripheral intravenous catheter was used in 2 990 inpatients, and 78.12% of the puncture sites met the standard; PICC was used in 397 inpatients, and 90.17% of the puncture sites met the standard. The incidence of intravenous infusion related-complications was 15.08%, the incidence of drug exosmosis / exudation was 10.06%, and the incidence of catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) was 2.89%. Conclusions On the whole, the intravenous infusion rate in this hospital accords with the national average level, but the rate in some departments should be controlled. The selection of device for intravenous therapy is reasonable, but the selection of intravenous site should be more standardized. The incidence of intravenous infusion related-complications is low, but the prevention and control of drug exosmosis / exudation and CRBSI should be reinforced. Health care organizations should pay more attention to enforce the Intravenous Practice Standard into practice to promote clinical medical service.

体验式教学结合案例教学法在老年专科护士培训中的应用研究

目的研究应用体验式教学结合案例教学法进行老年专科护士培训的效果。 方法对2013年9月－2015年4月参加四川省老年专科护士培训的110名学员应用体验式教学结合案例教学法进行培训，分别于培训前后采用老年知识问卷（FAQ1）和老年人态度量表（KAOP）来调查学员老化知识水平和对老年人的态度。同时在培训结束后采用四川大学临床医学院课堂教学质量学生评价表评价教学效果，并与2012年首届专科护士培训学员评教水平进行比较。 结果培训后学员的老化知识得分和对老年人的态度得分均较培训前提高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），且教学效果高于2012年首届专科护士培训学员评教水平。 结论应用体验式教学结合案例教学法进行老年专科护士培训，可有效提高学员老化知识水平，改善学员对老年人的态度，提高学习积极性，提高教学质量。

Doctors' Workload in China: A Status-quo Study

ObjectiveTo study the status-quo of doctors' workload in China, analyze its influential factors, and to provide references for relevant policy-making. MethodsA multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical doctors who had worked for more than 6 months from 46 hospitals in 10 provinces were enrolled. The included doctors' workload was measured with working time per week and number of daily service patients. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. ResultsA total of 1 537 doctors were included. The number of daily service outpatients and that of daily service inpatients per doctor were 22.17±20.95 person and 13.24±11.13 h, respectively. Working time per week were 54.06±10.76 h. The significant influential factors of the number of daily service outpatients were gender, employment relationship, hospital grade, age, professional title, and location; while those of the number of daily service inpatients were hospital grade, professional title, and location. Besides, type of department, hospital grade, doctor's age, education background and location were closely related to working time per week. ConclusionChinese doctors' workload is very heavy especially for long-time work. Hospitals and health departments should develop some target measures to reduce doctor's workload, so as to ensure medical safety.

住院患者老年综合征管理策略

随着世界人口老龄化，老年综合征的认知与管理问题日显突出。老年综合征是老年患者不良结局的影响因素，严重影响着老年人群的生活质量。提高对老年综合征的认知，加强对老年综合征评估方法的研究，建立老年综合征规范化干预措施，通过安全管理、健康教育、制定流程等措施对住院患者进行管理，针对性地做好预防应对策略，有助于为提高老年人的预后与生活质量提供依据。