目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤破裂的诊断和治疗方法。方法 我院从1999年10月至2004年1月期间经手术治疗腹主动脉瘤破裂6例。结果 1例患者因术后失血性休克而死亡； 5例患者随访4年，1例术后2年死于心肌梗死，余4例存活。结论 腹主动脉瘤应早期诊断、早期治疗，一旦破裂应迅速诊断、急诊手术，手术时应注意阻断腹主动脉的方法以及防止术后下肢缺血。
ObjectiveTo explore the progresses of diagnosis and treatment for endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR). MethodsThe literatures on studying the classification, diagnosis and management, risk factor, and treatment for the endoleaks after EVAR were reviewed and analyzed. ResultsEndoleak was a common and particular complication after EVAR and its represented persistence meant failure of the EVAR treatment. Accurate detection and classification were essential for the proper management and the treatment method for the endoleak was determined by the different source. Type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ endoleak required urgent treatment， type Ⅱ and type Ⅴ were considered less urgently but may be observed continuously. A variety of techniques including extension endografts or cuff, balloon angioplasty, bare stents, and a combination of transvascular and direct sac puncture embolization techniques were allowed to treat the vast majority of these endoleaks. ConclusionsEndoleak after EVAR is still the main clinical problem to be solved. The characters of endoleak still are not fully revealed. The diagnosis and treatment remained equivocal, which requires further study.
目的总结采用分期全主动脉置换治疗急性A型主动脉夹层合并胸腹主动脉瘤的手术方式和早期治疗效果。 方法自2013年2月至2014年2月，2例急性A型主动脉夹层合并Crawford Ⅱ型胸腹主动脉瘤的马方综合征患者进行了分期全主动脉置换手术。患者均为男性，年龄分别为41岁和26岁。一期在部分深低温停循环下行主动脉根部、全弓置换及支架象鼻植入术，二期在常温非体外循环下应用四分叉人工血管行全胸腹主动脉置换术。 结果手术结果满意，2例患者均康复出院，无任何并发症。 结论分期全主动脉置换术治疗急性A型主动脉夹层合并全胸腹主动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的方法。
Objective To review the progress of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in the study of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Method The literatures related to AI, radiomics and AAA research in recent years were collected and summarized in detail. Results AI and radiomics influenced AAA research and clinical decisions in terms of feature extraction, risk prediction, patient management, simulation of stent-graft deployment, and data mining. Conclusion The application of AI and radiomics provides new ideas for AAA research and clinical decisions, and is expected to suggest personalized treatment and follow-up protocols to guide clinical practice, aiming to achieve precision medicine of AAA.
Objective To investigate the further results of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair， and analyze the midterm results of 63 cases treated by total thoraco abdominal aortic replacement with a tetrafurcate graft. Methods From August 2003 to October 2007，total thoracoabdominal aortic replacement with a tetrafurcate graft was performed in 63 consecutive patients with Crawford Ⅱ TAAA in Fu Wai Hospital. There were 46 male and 17 female with a mean age of 39.98 years (17-71 years). All the procedures were performed through combined thoracoabdominal incision via the retroperitoneal approach and underwent profound hypothermia with shorttime interval circulatory arrest. T6 to T12 intercostal arteries were reconstructed by arterial tube technique. The celiac artery， superior mesenteric artery and right renal artery were joined into a patch and anastomosed to the end of the main graft. Left renal artery was anastomosed to an 8 mm branch or joined to the visceral arterial patch. The other 10 mm branches were anastomosed to iliac arteries. KaplanMeier method was used to perform survival analysis. Results All the cases were followed，and the mean followup time was 36.57(8-57) months. No patient died during the operation. Early mortality rate was 7.94%（5/63）. Among them， 4 patients died of multiple organ failure. Two of them were caused by neurological complications, and the other 2 of them were caused by renal failure. One patient died of low cardiac output syndrome after surgery because of coronary artery disease. This patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) emergently, but couldn’t wean from cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence of stroke and temporary neurological dysfunction was 9.52%（6/63）, 4 of them were temporary neurological dysfunction and were cured before discharged from hospital. Paraplegia and paraparesis occurred in 2 and 1, respectively. They were all [CM(158.3mm]cured before leaving hospital. Pulmonary complication was 25.40%(16/63)， and12 of them were cured. Pseudoaneurysmal change was observed in reconstructed intercostal arteries in 2 patients with Marfan syndrome, but neither of them underwent paraplegia or paraparesis. One patient died at 20th, 23rd, 30th month after discharge, respectively. The survival time of this group was 50.64±2.13 months（95%CI：46.47,54.84 months） with a survival rate of 92.06% after 1 year， 88.38% after 2 years， 86.11% after 3 years. Conclusion Using tetrafurcate graft is a reliable method in total thoracoabdominal aortic replacement and has a satisfactory midterm survival rate. The intercostal arteries reconstruction by arterial tube technique in total thoracoabdominal replacement is simple, and it is helpful in spinal cord protection.
Objective To explore the value of lower abdominal aorta compression in emergent hysterectomy during cesarean section because of pernicious placenta previa. Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of four patients who underwent hysterectomy for pernicious placenta previa with the assistance of lower abdominal aorta compression between January 2016 and March 2017 in Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children. Result The four patients were cured successfully, and the mothers and babies were all well with no pelvic organ damage or complications related to lower abdominal aorta compression. Conclusions Lower abdominal aorta compression in hysterectomy for pernicious placenta previa during cesarean section is a feasible procedure; it can effectively reduce the amount of bleeding, less affect maternal blood circulation, make surgery area clear, and give the operators the chance to do hysterectomy calmly. Lower abdominal aorta compression presents more and more advantages to treat pernicious placenta previa and may be an effective emergency measure to reduce hemorrhage during perioperative period especially under the circumstances of no chance to carry out vascular intervention treatment.
目的 探讨大动脉炎所致肾动脉上腹主动脉闭塞的手术治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1例肾动脉上腹主动脉闭塞行腹主动脉-双股动脉人工血管搭桥手术治疗的患者的临床资料,并进行文献复习。结果 术后患者头痛明显好转，血压由术前的220/110 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降至160/100 mm Hg,双下肢踝肱指数由0.50升至1.19。术后2周复查CTA示人工血管通畅，术后3个月复查彩超示人工血管通畅，血压在(140～150)/(80～95) mm Hg间波动，双眼视力1.0左右，已恢复正常生活。结论 大动脉炎所致肾动脉上腹主动脉闭塞常会影响多个重要脏器的供血，病变复杂，手术时机及方法的正确选择及长期抗炎治疗可以提高患者的治疗效果。
Abstract： Objective To study the spinal cord protection effect of cerebrospinal fluid drainage （CSFD）for patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Methods We randomly allocated 30 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from December 2008 to August 2009 into a CSFD group with 15 patients（12 males, 3 females; average age of 45.0 years） and a control group with 15 patients（11 males, 4 females; average age at 45.8 years）by computer. All the patients underwent replacement of ascending aorta and aortic arch, implantation of descending aorta stent, or thoracoabdominal aorta replacement. Some patients underwent Bentall operation or replacement of half aortic arch. Patients in the CSFD group also underwent CSFD. Serum S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase were measured at set intraoperative and postoperative times. All the patients were scored preoperatively, 72 hours postoperatively, and before discharge according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Results Central nervous system injury occurred in four patients in the control group： one died of both brain damage and spinal cord damage; one patient had spinal cord injury and became better after treatment by early CSFD; two patients had brain damage（one patient died, another patient had concomitant acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure, recovered and was discharged after treatment）. In the CSFD group, only one patient died of acute respiratory failure and subsequent multiple organ system failure, and all other patients recovered very well. There was no late death during three months follow-up in both groups. The average serum S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein，and neuron-specific enolase concentrations of the CSFD group patients were significantly lower than those of the control group （F=7.153，P=0.012；F=3.263，P=0.082；F=4.927，P=0.035）. Conclusion Selected CSFD is a safe, effective and feasible procedure to protect the spinal cord from ischemic damage during the perioperative period of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.