Objective To observe the changes of photopic negative response (PhNR) of electroretinography (ERG) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods A total of 30 patients (30 eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were selected; the unaffected fellow eyes of the patients and another 25 healthy agematched individuals (50 eyes) were cllected as the normal control. All of the patients underwent the examination of visual acuity, visual field, and flashERG (FERG); the normal control ones underwent FERG. In the 30 patients with RVO, there were 14 with central RVO (CRVO) and 16 with branch RVO (BRVO). According to the disease history and results of FFA, the patients were divided into 3 time groups: lt;1 month, 1-3 months, and gt;3 months; according to the types of RVO, the patients were divided into ischemic and nonischemic group. The amplitude of PhNR and other parameters were analysed. The relationship among the amplitude of PhNR and RVO types and time course were analyzed.Results The amplitude of PhNR in the CRVO and BRVO eyes was (28.20plusmn;5.8) and (36.96plusmn;4.71) mu;V, respectively; those in the unaffected fellow and control eyes was (61.25plusmn;3.93) and (59.33plusmn;16.92) mu;V, respectively; the amplitude of PhNR was significantly smaller in the CRVO and BRVO eyes than those in the unaffected fellow or control eyes (F=10.69 and 9.80，P＜0.001; F=9.69 and 9.75，P＜0.001). The amplitude of PhNR in ischemic and nonischemic group in CRVO eyes was (22.77plusmn;15.73) and (36.63plusmn;12.91) mu;V, respectively; the difference between the two groups was significant（t=6.54, Plt;0.01）. The amplitude of PhNR in ischemic and nonischemic group in BRVO eyes was (32.39plusmn;13.22) and (46.73plusmn;10.43) mu;V, respectively; there was no significant difference between the two groups（t=2.12, Plt;0.05）. The amplitude of PhNR was (24.58plusmn;14.60) and (27.94plusmn;15.73) mu;V, respectively, in CRVO and BRVO eyes with lt; 1 month disease course; was (50.39plusmn;13.80) and (58.69plusmn;12.43) mu;V in those with 1-3 months disease course; and was (25.40plusmn;19.94) and (34.48plusmn;16.72) mu;V in those with ＞3 months diseases course. Significant difference was found between the 1-3 months group and ＞3 months group in CRVO eyes（F=4.30，Plt;0.01）. Conclusions The amplitude of PhNRs was significantly smaller in RVO eyes than those in the unaffected fellow or control eyes.The amplitude of PhNR amplitude of ischemic type was smaller than that of nonischemic type. The amplitude of PhNR has descending，ascending，and descending tendency during the disease courses.
ObjectiveTo observe the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). MethodsProspective and observational study. Clinical examination of 81 consecutive patients (86 eyes) diagnosed with RVO were included in the study, in which the branch retinal vein occlusion in 47 eyes, central retinal vein occlusion in 39 eyes. Forty-five patients were male and 36 patients were female. Aged from 28 to 76 years old, the mean age was (55.36±10.01) years old. Comprehensive optical and imaging examination were performed, including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), spectral domain OCT, en face OCT and OCTA. The retinal blood flow imaging scan mode and the optic disc blood flow imaging scan mode were performed, the scanning region in the macular area were 3 mm×3 mm, 6 mm×6 mm, 8 mm×8 mm respectively, around the optic disc were 3 mm×3 mm and 4.5 mm×4.5 mm. Each region scans 2 times. The characteristics of foveal avascular zone change, macular edema, non-perfusion and optical disc edema in OCTA and their corresponding FFA and en face OCT were observed. ResultsBy OCTA, 67 eyes (77.9%) for foveal avascular zone change, 23 eyes (26.7%) for macular edema, 40 eyes (46.5%) for non-perfusion, and 33 eyes (38.4%) for optical disc edema can be detected. The foveal avascular zone change can be indentified as the tranformation, destruction and even vanish of the arch in superfacial layer of retinal macular area, acompanied with the dilatation and thickening of capillary vessels, the occlusion and expanding of capillary vessels arounded the foveal avascular zone in the deep layer of macular area. Those performances were more clear than FFA. The main expression of macular edema was low signal and was not as clear as en face OCT. The tortuosity and expansion of retinal vessels, density decreasing and even occlusion or abnormal traffic branch of capillary vessels can be observed in non-perfusion. These observations were similar to FFA. However, pieces of highly signal identical with non-perfusion area can be detected in chroid capillary. The representation of optical disc edema was the brush-like expanding of capillary vessels aroud optical disc. ConclusionsOCTA can help for observing the abnormal changing of capillary vessels in foveal avascular zone and macular edema, non-perfusion and optical disc edema. Foveal avascular zone change showed occlusion and expanding of capillary vessels around the foveal avascular zone in the deep layer of macular area. Macular edema showed the weak signal. Non-perfusion showed tortuosity and expansion of retinal vessels, density decreasing and even occlusion or abnormal traffic branch of capillary vessels. Optical disc edema showed brush-like expanding of capillary vessels around optical disc.
Objective To observe the morphologic characters of macular lesions in patients with central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO) in optical coherence tomography(OCT). Methods Thirty-eight patients with the clinical diagnosis of CRVO were examined by OCT.Four scan lines traversing the fovea with the same length and the same angle gap were performed as the basic scan in every eye.Additional scan were selected according to individuals including changing the length or angle of the scan lines and selecting different diameter circle pattern scan. Results Cystoid macular edema (CME) was found in 15 eyes,detachment of the neurosensory retina in 6 eyes，thickened neurosesory retina in 11 eyes,slight intraretinal fluid in 4 eyes,and markedly thichened neurosensory retina in 2 eyes with secondary premacular membrane and intraretinal fluid. Conclusions The major OCT morphologic characters of macular lesions in patinets with CRVO may include:cystoid macular edema,detachment of neurosensory retina,and secondary premacular membrane and pigmentary epithelial changes.These would be helpful for diagnosing and evaluating macular lesion in CRVO. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 201-204)
Objective To observe the difference of macular microvascular features in superficial and deep vascular plexi in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods A total of 63 BRVO patients (63 eyes) were enrolled in this study. There were 28 males (28 eyes) and 35 females (35 eyes). The patients aged from 39 to 74 years, with the mean age of (59.76±8.48) years. All eyes were evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The macular angiography scan protocol covered a 3 mm×3 mm area. The focus of angiography analysis included superficial vascular plexus and deep vascular plexus. The following vascular morphological parameters were assessed in these two plexi: foveal avascular zone (FAZ) enlargement, capillary non-perfusion (CNP) occurrence, microvascular abnormalities (MA) appearance, and vascular congestion (VC) signs. The FAZ area was measured by the built-in software. The macular microvascular morphology changes in superficial and deep vascular plexi were compared through McNemar test. Results The superficial and deep plexi showed FAZ enlargement in 43 eyes (68.3%) and 50 eyes (79.4%), CNP in 51 eyes (81%) and 50 eyes (79.4%), MA in 62 eyes (98.4%) and 62 eyes (98.4%), VC in 23 eyes (36.5%) and 52 eyes (82.5%), respectively. FAZ area was (0.55±0.37) mm2. There was no difference in CNP (P=1.000) and MA (P=1.000) between superficial and deep plexi. But, there was difference in FAZ enlargement (P=0.039) and VC signs (P＜0.001) between superficial and deep plexi. Conclusion Deep vascular plexus showed more FAZ enlargement and VC sign than superficial plexus in BRVO patients.
Objective To probe the possibility of electroretinogram(ERG)maximum combined response for typing branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO). Methods BRVO were divided into ischemic or nonischemic type according to the appearance of fundus fluorescein angiography.The ERG data were used to define the retinl function:a，b-wave amplitude and impact time,b/a-wave ratio,oscillatory potential OP1，OP2，OP3，OP4 amplitude implicit time and Ops amplitude. Results The ERG b-wave and OPs amplitude were significantly lower in ischemic group than those in nonischemic group. Conclusion With the REG test,the decline of b-wave and OPs amplitude of the maximum combined response might be as a reference of ischemic type BRVO. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:10-11)
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is affected by multiple factors, and there are lots of misunderstanding and disputation on the diagnosis and treatment. Compared with the natural disease course of RVO, there was no safe and effective treatment for RVO at present. Necessary investigation and disputation is helpful to make objective conclusion. We should objectively analyze and evaluate the results of investigation from home and abroad. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 155-158)
Objective To explore the clinical application value of multifocal oscillatory potentials (MOPs) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods MOPs were tested using VERIS 4.0 visual evoked response imaging system for 19 cases (19 eyes) of RVO，among them 8 cases of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 11 cases of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Twenty normal subjects were as normal control group. The stimulative visual angles subtended ±26.6°horizontally and ±22.1°vertically. The filter setting was bandpass 100～1000 Hz. The retinal responses from 103 hexagons were recorded in 4 min (8 segments). Results In normal control group, OP-1, OP-2 and OP-3 were recorded during 37 ms for first order and 47 ms for second order first slice in whole test field and 5 ring retinal regions, the oscillatory wave shapes of second order were clearer than those of first order. In RVO groups, 91.6% latencies of OP-1, OP-2 and OP-3 were delayed, and 70.8% amplitudes of OP-1, OP-2 and OP-3 were reduced. The delay of the latencies and the decrease of the amplitude in CRVO were more markedly than those in BRVO. Conclusion MOPs can be effectively and quantitatively used to evaluate the retinal function of the different location in RVO. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2002,18:20-22)