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find Keyword "解剖" 225 results
  • ANATOMY AND CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BYPASS CIRCUIT OUTFLOW TRACT OF ARTERIAL SCLEROSISOBSTRUCTION

    To evaluate the possibil ity of collateral outflow tract of arterial sclerosis obstruction (ASO)and the prospect of cl inical appl ication. Methods The red emulsion was infused into the arteries of the above knee amputation of 10 fresh specimens. Then the pathological changes of the anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery and the popl iteal artery, and the contribution of these bole artery branch were observed. From September 2005 to April 2007, 5 patients with ASO were treated, unilateral lower l imb was involved in all cases. There were 3 males and 2 females, aged 68-81 years. The arteriography and Color Doppler ultrasound of lower l imbs showed that the femoral artery and the popl itealartery and the branches had no development. The exploratory operation on the popl iteal artery and the branches was carried out. Results The walls of the anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and the popl iteal artery were stiff and the lumens were filled with atheromatous plaque. The sural arteries opening to the bole artery was frequent. The collateral circulation at the knee perimeter was raritas rather affluent at the muscle group. All of the operations were successful, the skin temperature increased gradually after operation, and the degrees of blood oxygen saturation increased to 90%-100% at 6 hours from 0 before operation . After a follow-up of 3 to 12 months, the symptom improved obviously, rest pain disappeared, lower l imb ulcer healed. The Color Doppler ultrasound showed that most of the blood flow at the anastomotic stoma ejected into bypass circuit, and the blood flow at the distally posterior tibial artery and anterior tibial artery was l ittle. Conclusion The collateral outflow tract construction is feasible, it is an effective path after cl inical verification to solve the advanced stage ASO

    Release date:2016-09-01 09:12 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • ANATOMY OF HEART IN BANNA MINI-PIG INBRED-LINES

    OBJECTIVE: To observe the heart anatomic and histological structure of the Banna mini-pig inbred-lined and to provide the morphological data for heart xenotransplantation and breeding transgens pig. METHODS: Ten Banna mini-pigs (12-18 months old) were affused and fixed by common coratid artery. The heart were observed and measured by gross anatomy and histology. RESULTS: There were many similarities between the Banna pig heart and the human heart in anatomy and histology. However, the following differences were observed in the Banna pig heart: 1. Azygos vein directly drew into right atrium cordis. 2. The intercalated disk of cardiac muscle was less than that of human. 3. The Purkinje’s fibre was bigger than that of human. CONCLUSION: On the morphology and histology, the structure of Banna pig heart is similar to the heart of human being. It is possible that Banna minipig heart becomes organ donors for xenotransplantation.

    Release date:2016-09-01 09:35 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 影像学手段通用的左心解剖:从左心经导管治疗谈起

    传统上,心脏内科介入医师依赖于透视来完成经皮冠状动脉介入治疗。但是,经导管结构性心脏病介入治疗需要如超声心动图和多层螺旋CT等额外的影像学手段来辅助术前、术中及术后处理。在经导管结构性心脏病的介入治疗中,介入医师和非侵入性的心血管影像医师可能会使用不同的术语来描述某一结构,这将造成治疗团队内部的误解。因此,该文介绍了一套影像学手段通用的术语,方便理解经导管心脏瓣膜病介入治疗中的图像。这套系统的目标是帮助医师理解如透视、多层螺旋CT、超声心动图及MRI等影像学手段中图像的不同方位,使医师能够形成在任何影像学图像中都适用的心脏解剖体系。

    Release date:2018-02-26 05:32 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 外踝解剖钢板及松质骨螺钉治疗B、C 型双踝骨折

    目的 总结外踝解剖钢板及松质骨螺钉治疗B、C 型双踝骨折的临床疗效。 方法 2004 年1 月-2006 年12 月,采用切开复位外踝解剖钢板、内踝松质骨螺钉或加用克氏针内固定治疗34 例双踝骨折。男23 例,女11 例;年龄24 ~ 52 岁。受伤原因:跌伤17 例,车祸伤12 例,机器损伤5 例。左踝22 例,右踝12 例。根据AO-Danis-Weber 分型:B 型21 例,C 型13 例。其中6 例合并胫骨平台塌陷骨折,3 例合并下胫腓联合分离,2 例为开放骨折。受伤至手术时间为2 h ~ 6 d。 结果 患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,无皮缘坏死、钢板外露等并发症发生。34 例均获随访,随访时间1 ~ 3 年,平均18 个月。术后34 例骨折均临床愈合,愈合时间12 ~ 18 周。疗效评定按照Baird-Jackson 踝关节功能评分标准:优29 例,良4 例,可1 例,优良率为97.1%。 结论 外踝解剖钢板及松质骨螺钉内固定是治疗B、C 型双踝骨折的良好选择之一。

    Release date:2016-09-01 09:17 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Reproducibility of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer measurements using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

    ObjectiveTo evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measurement using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT). MethodOne hundred and eight eyes of 54 normal subjects (26 males and 28 females) between 19 and 75 years of age were included. Each eye underwent macular scanning using Cirrus HD-OCT Macular Cube 512×128 protocol by two operators. Three scans of each eye were obtained by each operator. For the right eye of each subject, three extra scans were obtained using Macular Cube 200×200 protocol by one operator. The average, minimum, superotemporal, superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal GCIPL thickness was analyzed and the repeatability of GCIPL thickness measurement was evaluated with intra-operator, inter-operator, intra-protocol, and inter-protocol intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Ten extra scans were obtained from the left eyes of 10 randomly selected subjects for reproducibility assessment with coefficients of variation (CV). ResultsThe intra-operator ICC of macular GCIPL measurement using Macular Cube 512×128 protocol by two operators were 0.959-0.995 and 0.954-0.997, respectively; and the inter-operator ICC were 0.944-0.993. All intra-and inter-operator ICC were > 0.800 with the highest and lowest records of the average and minimum GCIPL thickness, respectively. The intra-protocol ICC of Macular Cube 512×128 protocol and Macular Cube 200×200 protocol were 0.986-0.996 and 0.927-0.997, respectively; and the inter-protocol ICC were 0.966-0.994. All intra-and inter-protocol ICC were > 0.800. CV of GCIPL thickness measurement using Macular Cube 512×128 protocol were (0.70±0.31)%-(1.35±0.86)%. ConclusionCirrus HD-OCT can measure macular GCIPL thickness in normal eyes with excellent repeatability and reproducibility.

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  • 对黄斑分区标准化的建议

    Release date:2016-09-02 05:58 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON KIDNEY ANATOMIC STRUCTURE OF BANNA MINIPIG INBRED-LINES FOR XENOTRANSPLANTATION

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the kidney anatomic structure of banna minipig inbred-lines, and to provide data for kidney xenotransplantation. METHODS: The fresh and infused kidneys of banna minipig (including the vessel and the ureter) were checked by anatomic microscope and vernier caliper in original location and away body. The tissue structure was observed by HE stain. RESULTS: The structure of kidney of banna minipig inbred-lines (including the vessel and the ureter) are similar to that of human being. The fascia propria of kidney is divided into three layers including capsula fibrosa, capsula adipose and fascia renalis. The thickness of cortex renalis is (20.0 +/- 2.4) mm. The average diameter of renal artery is 5.1 mm and is similar to that of human being. All the kidneys of banna minipig inbred-lines have a single branch renal artery. The diameters of left and right ureters are 5.1 mm and 4.7 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The kidney of banna minipig inbred-lines is an ideal replacement of human kidney for xenotransplantation.

    Release date:2016-09-01 10:15 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • AN ANATOMIC STUDY OF LAG SCREW PLACEMENT IN ANTERIOR COLUMN OF ACETABULUM AND DESIGN OF TARGETING DEVICE

    Objective To provide the anatomic basis for thelag screw placement in the anterior column of the acetabulum. Methods Twenty-two pelvis specimens with 44 acetabula of the native adult cadavers were studied. The anthropometric measurement was performed on 44 acetabula to determine the shape of the transverse section of the anterior column of the acetabulum, the optimal entry point for the lag screw on the outer table of the ilium, the direction of the screw, and the distance from the entry point to the obturator groove. Results The transverse section of the anterior column of the acetabulum was almost triangle-shaped. The path for the lag screw placement was 10.5±0.8 mm in diameter. The optimal entry point on the posterolateral ilium for the screw fixation was found toexist 9.2±2.4 mm superior to the line between the anterior superior iliac spine and the greater sciatic notch and 38.5±3.8 mm superior to the greater sciatic notch. The distance from the entry point to the obturator groove was 84.1±6.2 mm. The inclination of the lag screw was 54.2±5.5° at the caudal direction in the sagittal plane and 40.7±3.8° in the horizontal plane. The device for the safe screw placement in the anterior column was designed. Conclusion The above datacan facilitate an insertion of one 6.5 mm lag screw into the anterior acetabular column and minimize the risk of articular violation or cortical penetration, which has a narrow margin of safety. The safe length of the lag screw should be 70 mm.The optimal entry point on the posterolateral ilium for the screw fixationis determined to be 10 mm superior to the line between the anterior superior iliac spine and the greater sciatic notch and 40 mm superior to the greater sciatic notch. The inclination of the lag screw should be 55° at the caudal direction in the sagittal plane and 40° in the horizontal plane. It is safe to place thelag screw in the anterior column with the help of the targeting device.

    Release date:2016-09-01 09:26 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Safety and clinical outcomes of thoracoscopic segmentectomy in bilateral lung cancer: A single-center retrospective study

    Objective To assess the safety and clinical outcomes of segmentectomy in one- or two-staged video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for bilateral lung cancer. MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 100 patients who underwent VATS segmentectomy for bilateral lung cancer at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2013 to May 2022. We divided the patients into two groups: a one-stage group (52 patients), including 17 males and 35 females with a mean age of 55.17±11.09 years, and a two-stage group (48 patients), including 16 males and 32 females with a mean age of 59.88±11.48 years. We analyzed multiple intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes. Results All 100 patients successfully completed bilateral VATS, and at least unilateral lung received anatomical segmentectomy. Patients in the one-stage group were younger (P=0.040), had lower rate of comorbidities (P=0.030), were less likely to have a family history of lung cancer (P=0.018), and had a shorter interval between diagnosis and surgery (P=0.000) compared with patients in the two-stage group. Wedge resection on the opposite side was more common in the one-stage group (P=0.000), while lobectomy was more common in the two-stage group. The time to emerge from anesthesia in the one-stage group was longer than that in the first and second operations of the two-stage group (P=0.000, P=0.002). Duration of surgery and anesthesia were similar between two groups (P>0.05). Total number of lymph node stations for sampling and dissection (P=0.041) and lymph nodes involved (P=0.026) were less in the one-stage group. Intraoperative airway management was similar between two groups (P>0.05). The one-stage group was associated with lower activities of daily living (ADL) scores. Conclusion Segmentectomy is safe in one- or two-staged VATS for bilateral lung cancer, including contralateral sublobectomy and lobectomy. Duration of surgery and perioperative complications are similar between two groups, but the one-stage group is associated with lower ADL scores. On the basis of comprehensive consideration in psychological factors, physical conditions and personal wishes of patients, one-staged sequential bilateral VATS can be the first choice.

    Release date:2023-02-03 05:31 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • THE SURGICAL AND ANATOMIC BASES OF TRANSTHORACIC INTERRUPTION OF PORTOAZYGOS CIRCULATION (A REPORT OF 52 CASES)

    Anatomical venous distribution around the lower esophagus, gastric cardia and fundus in 100 adult cadavers had been observed. The results showed that the occurrence rate of the left gastric and the right gastric veins were 96% and 92% respectively. Venous distribution in the lesser curvature of the stomach can be classified into five types: the left gastric vein type, the right gastric vein type,the left gastric vein dominant type, the right gastric vein dominant type, and the balance type (of the left and the right gastric veins). The retrogastric veins were found in 73.6% of 100 cadavers showed portacaval anastomoses. From March 1976 to March 1992, we had treated with transthoracic interruption of portoazygous circulation, 52 cases of portal hypertension resulting in bleeding du to rupture of esophageal and venriculi fundus varices ( male 43, female 9). Among the 41 emergency operations, 2 cases died (4.9%), and bleedings were controlled by emergency surgery in 92.6% of cases. 44 of the 50 cases (88%) were followed up. The recurrence of bleeding occured in 5 cases, with a long-term bleeding rate of 11.4%. The authors suggest that anatomical factors might be the reason of inadequacy of portaoazygous interruption, and claim the advantages of transthoracic interruption of portoazygous circulation.

    Release date:2016-08-29 03:44 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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