Objective To investigate the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in idiopathic macular hole. Methods OCT、color photography and fundus fluorescein angiography were performed in 65 cases(70 eyes) of macular holes and which were then graded by connecting to their clinical characteristics. Results Among the 70 eyes the number of 1～4 stages of macular holes were 11,12,36 and 11 eyes respectively.In eyes of stage 1 OCT images showed flattening or disappearing of fovea and minimally reflective space within or beneath the neurosensory retina;stage 2 showed a fullthickness hole with an attached operculum and surrounding edema;stage 3 displayed a full-thickness hole with surrounding edema and stage 4 showed a full-thickness hole and a complete separation of the poterior hyaloid membrane from the retina.The dimeter of the macular holes in stage 2,3 and 4 were (241.75plusmn;107.08),(699.78plusmn;160.99), (631.36plusmn;243.46)mu;m,respectively. Conclusions OCT can display the characteristics of idiopathic macular holes and measure the diameters of holes quantitatively. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 205-208)
ObjectiveTo observe the pathological changes of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) by optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsFifty-three eyes of 53 patients who were diagnosed as CRAO in our center between January 2001 to January 2004 underwent the examination by OCT. The intervals between the disease onset and OCT examination were less than 2 weeks. The scan modes of OCT were horizontal or vertical line scan. The locations of scanning were macular, posterior pole of retina, optical papilla and the focus of bleeding or exudation.ResultsThe OCT pathological changes of CRAO in vivo includes increase of retinal thickness and reflex of retina, width of dark layer of photoreceptor (edema), edema or cystoid edema of fovea, retinal bleeding, cotton-wool spot and papilla edema. Four patients who had ciliary retinal artery showed normal retinal structure in the supply region of ciliary retinal artery.ConclusionOCT can display the pathological changes of retinal tissues in CRAO in vivo, especially on the old patients or the patients with systemic disease who were contraindicated by FFA. The unique OCT image of pathological changes of CRAO supply the objective signs for the instant clinical diagnosis.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:74-78)
Objective To compare the macular imaging and measurements of patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM) by stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and two different types of spectral-domain OCT. Methods Forty-six consecutive patients (46 eyes) diagnosed as idiopathic ERM in the period of August 2008 to October 2008 were enrolled in this study. The patients included 11 males and 35 females, with a mean age of (61.04plusmn;10.13) years. Twenty-one age- and sex- matched normal subjects (21 eyes) were enrolled in this study as control group. All the subjects underwent stratus OCT, cirrus OCT and 3D OCT-1000 examinations. The macular area was divided into three concentric circles which including central region with 1 mm diameter, inner area with ＞1 mm but le;3 mm diameter, and outer ring area with ＞3 mm but le;6 mm diameter. The inner area and outer ring area were divided into superior, nasal, inferior and temporal quadrants by two radioactive rays. The characteristics of OCT images and the quantitative measurements were compared among these three machines. The macular thickness of ERM group and control group was also compared. And the correlation of visual acuity and the macular thickness in idiopathic ERM patients was evaluated. Results The increased macular retinal thickness, disorder structure of inner retina, uneven surface and proliferative inner and outer plexiform layer were observed in ERM group by stratus and spectral-domain OCT. But the minor pathological changes on inner retina structure and internal surface proliferation could be observed more clearly by spectral-domain OCT than those by stratus OCT.The macular thicknesses of all the subjects measured by Cirrus OCT and 3D OCT-1000 were thicker than those measured by Stratus OCT (t=7.445-11.253,P=0.000). The correlations of measurements between three OCTs were good (r＞0.9). The flatted or disappeared fovea of ERM patient group was observed by all three OCTs. The macular thicknesses on different subfields of patients in ERM group were thicker than those in control group, especially in the 1-3 mm inner ring (t=2.477-10.139,P＜0.05). Moderate negative correlations were shown on the macular thickness and visual acuity in ERM group (r=-0.216-0.517). Conclusions Spectral domain OCT yields better visualization of the intraretinal layers than time domain OCT. The images in spectral domain OCT are more clear and fine compared to stratus OCT. Stratus OCT correlates with spectral domain OCT, but they are different, and cannot be replaced by each other.
Objective To observe the characteristics of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) with modern multimodal imaging modalities. Methods This was a retrospective case study. Eleven patients (11 eyes) diagnosed with MEWDS were enrolled. There were 10 females and 1 male, mean age was 27.6 years (range 15-41 years). The period between disease onset and visiting to the hospital was between 2 to 13 days, the average time was 4.7 days. All the patients underwent examinations of best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscope, indirect ophthalmoscope, fundus color photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The mean follow up duration was 3.2 months. The imaging characteristics were compared. Results Fundus color photography showed foveal orange-red granularity in all eyes. FAF showed strong autofluorescence with a vague boundary. FFA showed a variable number of highly fluorescent fine needle-like dots arranged in a ring in the early stage, and fluorescence remained in the late stage. ICGA showed advanced lesions of vague boundary merged into a large plaque of deep retinal hypofluorescence. SD-OCT showed the hyperreflectant material deposit over the retinal pigment epithelium and extending anteriorly through the interdigitation zone, ellipsoid layer, and toward the external limiting membrane. At the site of extrafoveal lesions, SD-OCT revealed the presence of discontinuities or disruptions centered on the ellipsoid zone to include the interdigitation. Conclusions In MEWDS patients, fundus photography showed foveal orange-red granularity; FFA showed early fluorescent dots distributed in a ring pattern; ICGA showed hypofluorescent lesions in the later stage; SD-OCT showed disruption of the interdigitation zone and ellipsoid zone and accumulations of hyperreflective material that was of variable size and shape; FAF showed strong autofluoresce areas that correlated to spots observed with FFA and ICGA.
Objective To investigate the characteristics and analyze the differences of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) image between exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central exudative chorioretinopathy (CEC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Twenty-three eyes of 22 patients with exudative AMD and 20 eyes of 19 patients with CEC, which were diagnosed as CNV using fundus fluorescein angiograph (FFA) or indocyanine green angiograph ( ICGA), were examined by OCT.The size of CNV and the thickness of retinal neurosen sory layer in foveola were measured by OCT software. Results On OCT image, CNV had three main types of morphological features including simple CNV, CNV with serous retinal neurosensory layer detachment and CNV with choroidoretinal exudation. Exudative AMD mainly showed CNV with choroidoretinal exudation (56.52%) and CEC showed simple CNV (90.0%). The thickness of retinal neurosensory layer in foveola of patients with exudative AMD was thicker than that of patients with CEC and the size of CNV of patients with exudative AMD was larger than that of patients with CEC. Negative correlation was found between retinal neurosensory layer thickness in foveola and vision in both groups (gamma;=-0.521, P=0.001). Conclusions There were certain discrepancy in morphology and area in volved of CNV between exudative AMD and CEC on OCT images. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:299-302)
Objective To observe the choroidal thickness of patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in affected eyes and unaffected fellow eyes.Methods Forty-five chronic CSC patients diagnosed by fundus pre-set lens, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography were enrolled in this study. The patients included 36 males and nine females, with a mean age of (46.18plusmn;8.20) years, with a mean duration of (16.34plusmn;7.23) months. Thirty-six patients were affected unilaterally and nine patients affected bilaterally. The patients were divided into affected eyes group (group A, 51 eyes) and unaffected fellow eyes group (group B,39 eyes). Fifty age-, sex- and diopter- matched normal subjects (50 eyes) were enrolled in this study as control group (group C). Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) choroidal scans were obtained in all eyes by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal thickness at 3 mm nasal (NCT3 mm), temporal (TCT3 mm), superior (SCT3 mm), inferior (ICT3 mm) to the fovea were measured.Results The mean SFCT of group A, B and C were (436.76plusmn;87.01), (394.71plusmn;61.63), (294.86plusmn;75.30) mu;m respectively. The mean SFCT of group A and B were thicker than group C, the difference was significant among three groups (F=44.791,P＜0.001). There were difference between group A, B, C in NCT3 mm, TCT3 mm, SCT3 mm and ICT3 mm (F=15.816, 22.823, 15.147, 11.527;P＜0.001). The mean SFCT in affected eyes of unilateral patients was (416.34plusmn;79.44) mu;m, which was thicker than that in unaffected fellow eyes (t=2.897, P=0.007). Conclusion Choroidal thickness increased significantly in affected eyes and unaffected fellow eyes in patients with chronic CSC.