Objective To improve accuracy of clinical diagnosis through analyzing the CT characteristics and clinical manifestations of patients with benign lung diseases whose CT manifestations initially led to a suspicion of lung cancer. Methods This study collected 2 239 patients of benign lung disease verified by postoperative pathology in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital from June 2006 to December 2016. Lesions of 173 patients (101 males and 72 females with a mean age of 56.0 years) were considered very likely to be malignant on preoperative contrast CT scan, which were sorted to 20 types of lung diseases, and the 20 types of diseases contained 907 patients diagnosed or misdiagnosed. Statistical analyses were performed using the CT and clinical characteristics of the 173 patients. Results Among the 907 patients with benign lung disease, the benign pathologies that were most commonly misdiagnosed by preoperative enhanced CT were pulmonary leiomyoma (100.0%), pulmonary actinomycosis (75.0%), pulmonary cryptococcosis (71.4%), sclerosing hemangioma (50.0%) and organizing pneumonia (44.2%). Among the 173 patients with benign diseases, the most common diseases were tuberculosis (29.5%), organizing pneumonia (28.9%), pulmonary hamartoma (6.4%) and pulmonary abscess (6.4%). In the 173 patients, 17.3% had fever, 56.6% coughing, 8.7% yellow sputum, 28.9% hemoptysis, 16.2% chest pain, 18.5% elevated leukocyte counts and 4.6% elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Most of the CT manifestations consisted of nodular or mass shadows, 70.5% of which had foci≤3 cm and manifestations were similar to those of lung cancer, such as a spiculated margin (49.1%), lobulation (33.5%), pleural indentation (27.2%) and significant enhancement (39.3%). Furthermore, some patients had uncommon tumor signs, such as calcification (12.7%), central liquefactive necrosis (18.5%), satellite foci (9.8%) and multiple pulmonary nodules (42.2%). Moreover, 24.3% of the patients had enlarged lymph nodes of the mediastinum or hilum. Conclusion As the CT manifestations of some benign lung conditions are similar to those of lung cancer, careful differential diagnosis is necessary to identify the basic characteristics of the disease when the imaging results are ambiguous, and the diagnosis of a lung disease need incorporate the patients' clinical characteristics and a comprehensive analysis.
Objective To analyze the central visual fields and the ocular fundus changes of both eyes of patients with pituitary adenoma.Methods A total of 70 cases of pituitary adenoma received the examination of static central visual fields of all-liminal values by Humphrey instruments 750 cycloscope and the fundus exams by Topcon TRC-50X fundus photography before operations. Results There were 64.3% patients with decreased visual acuities, 80.7% with the defect of visual field, and 46 .4% with fundus changes. The decrease of the visual acuity was the first diagnostic symptom in 45.7% patients, among whom 28.6% were misdiagnosed as ocular diseases.Conclusions The misdiagnosed cause is that the first diagnostic symptom is the decrease of visual acuity without defect of visual field accompanied by ocular diseases. To avoid the misdiagnosis and the omitter of pituitary adenoma, general examination of visual field should be carried out in the patients with decreased visual acuity and optic atrophy with unknown reason in the clinical diagnosis of ophthalmology. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：18-19)
目的 分析其他疾病误诊为急性阑尾炎的原因。方法 结合相关文献资料，对2004年2月至2008年12月期间本院21例其他疾病被误诊为急性阑尾炎的过程进行回顾性分析。结果 除了胆囊结石、胃穿孔、肠结核、异位妊娠等常见病可能被误诊为急性阑尾炎外，肝包虫、胆管癌、癔病、恶性淋巴瘤等也有可能被误诊为急性阑尾炎。误诊的主要原因是经治医生经验不足、思维局限、知识面狭窄，更重要的则是重视不足，检查不仔细、不全面。结论 系统和全面仔细地问诊、查体，努力提高辅助检查诊断水平等是减少误诊的关键。
目的 探讨宫颈癌漏诊的原因及特点，提高首诊诊断率。 方法 回顾性分析2009年1月－2011年3月收治的外院漏诊的65例宫颈癌患者临床资料。 结果 漏诊的65例中有51例误诊为宫颈糜烂，其中仅13例首诊曾行细胞学筛查，16例行阴道镜检查及活检，总平均年龄仅39岁，农村居民54例。 结论 各地区应加强宫颈癌筛查意识，采取相应措施及适合的筛查方式提高宫颈癌筛查率，减少漏诊。
目的 分析克罗恩病的临床特点、内镜表现、病理特点、误诊原因，为克罗恩病的诊治提供临床经验。 方法 回顾性分析河南省人民医院2004年1月－2011年12月38例克罗恩病临床特点，并对误诊情况及原因进行分析。 结果 38例小肠克罗恩病患者，症状主要表现为腹痛、腹泻及便血。病变多位于末端回肠和回盲部，最常见的并发症为肠梗阻。结肠镜下可见节段性黏膜充血水肿、铺路石样改变、多发不规则溃疡；病理示全壁性炎症、深裂隙状纵行溃疡及非干酪性肉芽肿。克罗恩病的诊断主要依靠内镜及病理。 结论 克罗恩病临床表现复杂多样，临床误诊、漏诊情况较为多见，需进一步提高对克罗恩病的认识。
目的:探讨被误诊为功能性精神障碍的麻痹性痴呆患者的临床特点和诊治要点。方法:回顾性分析10例被误诊为功能性精神障碍的麻痹性痴呆患者的临床资料。结果:被误诊为功能性精神障碍的麻痹性痴呆均以精神症状为首发，多表现为精神病性症状、类躁狂、抑郁、类神经症、人格的改变及进行性痴呆等不典型症状群，本研究显示误诊率高达71.4%，误诊例次率以精神分裂症最高（47.3%），其次为躁狂症或躁狂状态（37.5%）。抗精神病药物能有效改善精神症状，青霉素驱梅能阻止病情进展使病情得到缓解，两者缺一不可。结论:被误诊为功能性精神障碍的麻痹性痴呆均以精神症状为首发且症状不典型而易被误诊，早期鉴别诊断十分重要，抗精神病药物和青霉素治疗可以有效控制症状。