Objective To investigate current situation of medical service and management in Gaozha Central Township Health Center (GzC), so as to provide baseline data for township health centers in both key techniques research and product development of drugs allocation and delivery. Methods A questionnaire combined with a special interview was carried out, which included the general information, human resources, medical service and management, and the practice of essential medicine list. Results a) The hardware condition of GzC was not good enough, and the economic status of the service recipients was lower than the average level of both Wuzhong City and China mainland; b) The constituent ratio of general practitioner (GP) and nurse, and GP and laboratorian were all lower than those of national level, while, the constituent ratio of GP and technician was a little bit higher. GzC was in short of medical technical personnel and, especially, the professional pharmacists. The logistics technical workers were as the same proportion as the nurses. The medical technical personnel without professional education background accounted for 3.4%, and about 38% of the staff members had no college degree, about 86.2% had at most primary profession titles. There was no personnel turnover of GzC in recently years; c) The bed utilization ratio was lower than national level (46.4% vs. 60.7%), while the average duration of stay and the in-patient and out-patient service workload of GP were longer or heavier than national level (8 vs. 4.8, 9 vs. 8.3, 4 vs. 1.3); d) The out-patient service in 2010 decreased 26.9% compared to 2009; and the in-patient service in 2010 decreased 42.4%; e) The average medical expense per outpatient and per inpatient increased 127.3% and 56.2%, respectively in 2010 compared to 2009; and f) Essential medicine list was put into practice in April 1st of 2010 and there was only 195 species available in GzC, which has not met the requirements of the national essential medicine list. Conclusion In order to meet the standards of general rural township health center in western China, GzC needs to cope with challenges of insufficient hardware conditions, short of staff, unreasonable personnel structure, low educational background and professional title of the staff, none human resources flow and low technical level of medical service. GzC dose well in drug expenses control, and the hospitalization costs are lower than those of the national level. However, it increases rapidly in 2010. The management of GzC may be influenced by zero-profit sale of the essential drugs, and appropriate subsidy and policy support are necessary to maintain its service quality. And it is required to complement the medicine based on the evidences, to carry out staff training and usage guidance of essential medicine, and to finally guarantee the safe and reasonable use of medicines.
Objective To investigate the knowledge level about pulmonary rehabilitation in respiratory physicians in Shanghai. Methods A self-designed questionnaire about pulmonary rehabilitation was sent to respiratory physicians in 18 tertiary-care referral hospitals of Shanghai from June to September 2011. Results A total of 237 valid questionnaires were collected. Accuracy rate of single-answer questions was(62.1±18.3)% , while correct rate of multiple-answer questions ( more than one answer) was ( 35.5±15.6) % . Neither working years nor doctor rank had correlation with accuracy of questionnaires. Conclusion The knowledge about pulmonary rehabilitation in respiratory physicians of Shanghai was poor. We need to strengthen the relevant training and continuing education.
Objective To investigate the incidence of urolithiasis in infants aged 0-3 years old fed by milk powder tainted with melamine in the middle area of the Anhui province, as well as its relationship to gender, age, milk powder consumption and drinking water. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 1079 infants who were screened for urolithiasis by ultrasound examination from September 25, 2008 to October 17, 2008. Data was collected by Epidata and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 646 (59.87%) male infants and 433 (40.13%) female infants underwent ultrasound examination in Anhui Provincial Hospital. Of these, 86 infants were diagnosed with urolithiasis with an incidence of 7.97%, including 62 males (72.09%) and 24 females (27.91%). The mean age of those infants with urolithiasis was 1.85±0.77, and all of calculus was located in kidney. The relationship between the incidence of urolithiasis and gender, age, drinking water, feeding bottle sanitation, birth status, as well as the amount of milk powder intake was assessed by using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results showed that significant differences were noted in the incidence of urolithiasis among infants of different genders or with different drinking water sources (Plt;0.05). The result of multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that gender was related to the incidence of urolithiasis (Plt;0.05). The incidence of urolithiasis in female infants was only 58.7% of that in male infants (OR 0.587, 95%CI 0.359 to 0.959). Conclusion The incidence of urolithiasis in infants aged 0-3 years of old in the middle area of Anhui province is relatively high and has anatomical specificity. Further data during the follow-up of these cases should be collected.
Objective To investigate the current situation, problems of medicinal biotechnology in China, and to provide the relevant countermeasures for its development. Methods We surveyed the units which could carry out medicinal biotechnology projects in 30 provinces except Tibet, and compared the results with that in America.Results The questionnaire were returned from 25 provinces (83.4%), and there were 1 477 medicinal biotechnology projects carried out by 149 units in the past 10 years. These projects ranged from basic biotechnology to regenerative medicine and stem cell researches. The basic research projects constituted quite large percentage among all the projects. But the development levels in different areas were imbalanced, cross correlation with the development levels of economy. An echelon team of talents has been developed, most of them were trained in China. The invested capital differed considerably among units, in general the amounts were insufficient. Most invested capital came from the government. The number of patent application for projects based on independent-developed technology was small. This showed that project principals had a poor understanding of patents. More than half of units did not have a Bioethics Committee. From the search result for documents, the number of articles on stem research of China was close to that in America; and the number of articles on gene treatment and tissue engineering has already exceeded that of America. However, research on gene diagnosis of China was lagging far behind America. Conclusions An echelon team of talents has been developed, most of them are trained in China.We should give full play to the advantage of the distribution of qualified personal resources in developed economical areas so as to promote the applicability and popularity of medicinal biotechnology in less developed areas.Regarding to applicability and development, we should first develop applied technology to form the core competetiveness of basic research, technology development and application; we should also strengthen the training in ethics and regulation to establish a set of scientific assessment of medicinal biotechnology and management system.
Objective To study the major factors which affect quality of life of Chinese patients with diabetic retinopathy,and provide basis raising the patients condition of health and quality of life. Methods Quality of life of 179 patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy and 30 healthy persons was measuerd by the medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey(SF-36)and the brief scale of quality of life of WHO(WHOQOL-BREF),then the affectting factors were analysed by step regression. Results The major factors which affect quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy included:bilateral visual acuity(BVA),different category of retinopathy,course of disease,economic condition,personality,medical care and age. Conclusion The study suggests that bringing about the transformation from the biologic medical model to bio-psycho-social medical model is important to improve quality of life of the patients with diabetic retionpathy. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:141-143)
ObjectiveTo investigate the oral health status of three to five year-old Uygur and Han children in Yining region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide scientific basis of corresponding countermeasures. MethodsA stratified, multistage and cluster sampling method was used to select 1 000 three to five year-old preschoolers from urban and rural districts in Yining region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The dental caries rate and oral health situation of included children by age, sex, nationality, and region were analyzed. ResultA total of 965 children were included. The response rate was 96.5%. The prevalence of deciduous dental caries was 81.24% with the mean DMFT score of 4.44. There were significant differences in levels of caries among different age groups, the prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT score increased gradually as the children were growing up (P<0.05). The rate of filling teeth was 1.66%, and untreated caries was 98.34%. Maxillary deciduous central incisors and mandibular deciduous molar were most prone to decay. There were significant different oral hygiene status and malocclusion levels between the Uygur and Han, urban and rural districts, different age groups (all P values <0.05). ConclusionThe oral health status among three to five year-old preschoolers is not optimistic in Yining region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Integrated treatment and preventive programs are urgently needed.
ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of hospital infection management related to the hospital maternity ward, learn the risks of infection, discover problems existing in hospital infection management, and seek appropriate solutions for hospital infection. MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2012, using uniform questionnaire for prospective survey and field interviews, we investigated the hospital infection situation in medical health care workers, pregnant women, and live newborns. ResultsA total of 2 225 questionnaires were retreated with a retreat rate of 100%. Hospital infection occurred in 23 cases, of which 15 cases were maternal infection (1.35%) and 8 cases were neonate infection (0.72%). Maternal infection was mainly focused on reproductive tract, surgery incision and urinary tract. Neonate infection was mainly focused on lower respiratory tract and skin. The management system of hospital infection in the maternity ward was basically strengthened, but the infection monitoring work was still not timely, and staff training in infection control knowledge was not in place. The overall environment, sterilization, disinfection and isolation should be strengthened, and there were also some other safety hazards. ConclusionThe management of infection in hospital maternity ward is the key to control the infection in maternity ward. The infection management seems perfect, but there are still some hidden dangers. The management system needs to be improved and the management should be implemented strictly according to the system, in order to avoid the occurrence of infection in maternity ward and ensure the safety of patients.
ObjectivesTo investigate the present status of clinical nurses' attitude towards patient safety and its influencing factors.MethodsA total of 2 290 clinical nurses in 10 large general hospitals in Anhui Province were investigated by general data and patient safety attitude questionnaire (SAQ).ResultsThe total score of the nurse's patient safety attitude was 112.57±11.83, in which the 6 dimension scores arranged from high to low were management recognition, working conditions, job satisfaction, team cooperation, safety climate, and pressure perception. Nurses who were female, marriage, college degrees, head nurse, and receivded patient safety education had higher total scores.ConclusionsScores of nurses of tertiary 3A hospitals in Anhui Province are overall above average. The influencing factors of nurses’ safety attitude are gender, marital status, education level, length of service, whether being head nurse, and whether being received safety education.
Objective To explore the factors which influence the doctor-patient relationship and to provide evidence to help decision makers improve hospital management and construct a harmonious doctor-patient relationship. Methods Discharged patients of West China Hospital from 2003-2006 were randomly selected and asked to complete a specially designed questionnaire. Results In total, 8 000 questionnaires were distributed and 2 526 were returned. The retrieval rate was 31.57%. The responses showed that non-medical factors have became the main factors affecting the doctor-patient relationship (91.8%). Other important factors included medical cost (21.5%) and doctor-patient communication (11.51%). Conclusion We should boost hospital management level, train non-medical staff, save costs and improve doctor-patient communication.