Objective To review the advance in the experimental studies of microRNA(miRNA) and the relationship between miRNA and stem cells. Methods The related literature was reviewed, and the research findings of miRNA and stem cell were summarized. Results miRNA was noncoding small RNA (20-25 nt) involved in posttranscriptional change, that have been shown to regulate gene expressions. Ithas been reported that some kinds of miRNAs were likely important regulators forstem cells maintaining their state of selfrenewal，and play key roles in theirdifferentiation. Conclusion miRNA as regulation of gene expressions, can be served as a new way for stem cells research.
Objective To review the research progress of the treatment of osteosarcoma, and to thoroughly understand its current state of research and prospect so as to lay a sol id foundation for the cl inical treatment. Methods The cl inical and experimental research l iteratures about treatment of osteosarcoma were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results The present treatment of osteosarcoma is still need to comprehensive therapy which combine chemotherapy and surgical treatment. There are some progresses in gene therapy and molecular targeting therapy which can improve survival rate. Furthermore, well-designed studies and cl inical trials are needed to evaluate the potential therapeutic impact before they are used in cl inical. Conclusion Advancement in chemotherapeutic regimens has improved survival and l imb-sparing surgery in the treatment of osteosarcoma, but the progress of gene therapy and molecular targeting therapy gives new hope for osteosarcoma patients.
目的 比较进展性慢性肝病及重症肝炎患者原位肝移植(OLT)围手术期凝血功能的变化。方法 回顾性分析我中心2004年1月至2005年12月期间行OLT治疗进展性慢性肝病及重症肝炎患者各37例的围手术期血小板(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)的变化。结果 2组患者除术前PT、APTT,术后第5 d PLT、FIB和术后第7 d FIB的差异有统计学意义外（plt;0.05），其余时段2组患者的PLT、PT、APTT及FIB 间差异均无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）, 提示重症肝炎患者凝血功能损害更为严重； OLT术后，2组患者的凝血功能均逐渐恢复正常, 但并非完全同步。结论 进展性慢性肝病与重症肝炎患者OLT围手术期凝血功能变化显著，应注意监测及处理，但术后2组间各指标间比较差异并不明显。
Objective To review researches of treatment of peripheral nerve injury with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) regarding mechanism, parameters, and cl inical appl ication at home and abroad. Methods The latest original l iterature concerning treatment of peri pheral nerve injury with NMES was extensively reviewed. Results NMES should be used under individual parameters and proper mode of stimulation at early stage of injury. It could promote nerve regeneration and prevent muscle atrophy. Conclusion NMES plays an important role in cl inical appl ication of treating peripheral nerve injury, and implantable stimulation will be the future.
Objective To summarize the current progress in the genetic modification of vascular prostheses and to look forward to the future of genetic modification in vascular prostheses. Methods PubMed onl ine search with the key words of “vascular prostheses, gene” was undertaken to identify articles about the genetic modification of vascular prostheses. Then these articles were reviewed and summarized. Results To improve long-term patency of vascular prostheses, various genes were transfected into seeded cells. The antithrombosis activity of local vessels increased. Conclusion Progresses in tissue engineering and molecular biology make possible endothel ial ization and genetic modification of vascular prostheses. However, because most relevant researches are still basic experiments, further study is needed before cl inical appl ication.
Choroidal metastasis of lung cancer is rare in clinical, which is easy to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, special research and discussion are not much. This article mainly introduces the current situation of choroidal metastasis of lung cancer in China, the characteristics of clinical and ophthalmoscopic examination, angiography and imaging, the methods of early detection, early diagnosis and the progress of individualized comprehensive treatment. It is expected to attract the attention of thoracic surgeons, conducive to improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.
Objective To review the latest progress in classification system of thoracolumbar fractures and its surgical treatment with posterior approaches. Methods Recent l iterature about classification system of thoracolumbar fractures and its surgical treatment was reviewed. Results For the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture, the surgeon first should decide whether the surgical treatment was necessary. Recently, a new classification system had been developed to help the surgeon make the right decision. The surgical methods included short segment internal fixation and long segment internalfixation with or without fusion, and minimally invasive internal fixation. Conclusion The progress in the surgical treatmentof thoracolumbar fracture will help spinal surgeon decide the necessary surgery beneficial for the patients. The most appropriate and effective surgical method with the minimum damage should be used to treat the fracture. The advantages of non-fusion surgical treatment still need a further study.
Objective To investigate the advance in the management of skeletal trauma of the extremities. Methods The literature at home and abroad was reviewed, and the research findings withclinical experience in the therapeutic methods for fracture of the extremities were summarized.Results The concept on fracture management was renewed, the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) was developed and popularized, the implantation was improved, the navigation technique with computerassisted surgery was applied, and the tissue engineering was developed. The fracture mana gement was changed from the anatomical reduction with absolutely rigid fixation to the biological osteosynthesis with protection of the fracture environment. The minimally invasive surgical techniques included the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis, intramedullary nailing, external fixation, arthroscopic surgery,and computer-assisted surgery. In concordance with the MIS principles, the newimplants, such as the locking compression plate, and the less invasive stabilization system were well designed and put into clinical practice so as to provide effective therapeutic results in treating osteoporotic fractures and complicated articular and/or metaphyseal fractures. In treatment of the delayed union or nonunion offractures, more effective techniques were employed, including the application of bone substitutes, which are degradable and have properties of bone conduction and induction. In the repair of segmental defects of the long tubular bone, the bonetransport and the vascularized bone grafts could work well. The investigation of the bone engineering revealed its great potentiality.Conclusion Fracture of the extremities is a common problem and its management should emphasize the recovery of the extremity function of the patient in addition to emphasis on the replacement and fixation of the biological structures. The combination of bone engineering and microsurgery represents the development tendency inthis field.
ObjectiveTo introduce the current study of the metastatic mode and operation methods in advanced gallbladder carcinoma. MethodsThe literatures about metastatic mode and operation methods of advanced gallbladder carcinoma in recent 5 years were reviewed.ResultsLymph node and hepatic invasion were the main mode of advanced gallbladder carcinoma. The Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery （JSBS） classification to gallbladder carcinoma was more reasonable than the UICC classification. The survival rate after radical resection was higher than that after cholecytectomy in patients with T2n1-2M0. In the patients that tumor extended adjacent organs but the lymph node metastatic localized within n2, extended radical resection provided a survival advantage. If the patients’ tumor was not resectable or who had lymph node metastasis beyond n3, the benefit of extended radical resection seemed limited.ConclusionIn the carefully selected patients, extended radical resection will improve the prognosis of advanced gallbladder carcinoma.