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心因性非痫性发作的精神相关长期预后

探讨心因性非癫痫性癫痫发作（Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures，PNES）患者的长期心理状态、人格和健康相关生活质量（Health-related quality of life，HRQoL），并确定 PNES 预后的相关预测因子。选取在 Erlangen 癫痫中心的视频脑电图（VEEG）监测过程中被诊断为 PNES 的病例，病程 1～16 年。随访数据为心理症状问卷（贝克抑郁量表-II、症状清单-90-标准、分离症状问卷），人格特质（Freiburg 弗莱堡人格量表-修改版）和 HRQoL（36-项简短健康调查）。共纳入 52 例患者，平均年龄（40.5±14.0）岁，女性 75%，随访（5.3±4.2）年。在过去的 12 个月中，有 19 例（37%）患者 PNES 得到了缓解。持续性 PNES 患者在疾病首次发作（32.9 vs. 22.3 岁，P<0.01）和诊断（40.5 vs. 27.2 岁，P<0.001）时年龄较大，表现出较差的心理状态、较低的外向性人格和较低的生活满意度，同时 HRQoL 较非 PNES 患者更差。PNES 缓解患者在所有方面均处于正常范围内。PNES 的最佳缓解预测指标为发病时年龄较小和人格外向性。持续性 PNES 患者的预后较差，精神病理学指标较高且 HRQoL 较低，但可能因 PNES 的缓解而恢复正常。人格内向性高和年龄较大是持续性 PNES 的危险因素。

LONG-TERM RESULTS OF DELAYED REPAIR OF MEDIAN NERVE INJURY

ObjectiveTo review and analyze the long-term results of delayed repair of median nerve injury. MethodsBetween January 2004 and December 2008, 228 patients with median nerve injury undergoing delayed repair were followed up for more than 4 years, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. There were 176 males (77.19%) and 52 females (22.81%), aged 2-71 years (median, 29 years). The main injury reason was cutting injury in 159 cases (69.74%);203 cases had open injury (89.04%). According to the injury level, injury located at area I (upper arm) in 38 cases (16.67%), at area II (elbow and proximal forearm) in 53 cases (23.25%), at area III (anterior interosseous nerve) in 13 cases (5.70%), and at area IV (distal forearm to wrist) in 124 cases (54.39%). The delayed operations included delayed suture (50 cases, 21.93%), nerve release (149 cases, 65.35%), and nerve graft (29 cases, 12.72%). ResultsFor patients with injury at area I and area II, the results were good in 23 cases (25.27%), fair in 56 cases (61.54%), and poor in 12 cases (13.18%) according to modified Birch and Raji’s median nerve grading system;there was significant difference in the results between 3 repair methods for injury at area II (χ2=6.228, P=0.044), but no significant difference was found for injury at area I (χ2=2.241, P=0.326). Twelve patients (13.18%) needed musculus flexor functional reconstruction. Recovery of thenar muscle was poor in all patients, but only 5 cases (5.49%) received reconstruction. Thirteen cases of nerve injury at area III had good results, regardless of the repair methods. For patients with injury at area IV, the results were excellent in 6 cases (4.84%), good in 22 cases (17.74%), fair in 72 cases (58.06%), and poor in 24 cases (19.35%) according to Birch and Raji’s grading system;there was significant difference in the results between 3 repair methods (χ2=12.646, P=0.002), and the result of delayed repair was better. ConclusionThe results of delayed repair is poor for all median nerve injuries, especially for high level injury. The technique of repair methods vary with injury level. For some delayed median nerve injuries, early nerve transfer may be a better choice for indicative patients.

Investigation of mid-to-long term quality of life and influencing factors in patients after heart valve replacement

ObjectiveTo investigate the mid-to-long term quality of life (QOL) and influencing factors in the patients after heart valve replacement.MethodsConvenient sampling method was used to recruit 224 patients who had heart valve replacement surgery in our hospital from June 2008 to June 2017. There were 63 males and 161 females, aged 18-83 (51.49±10.60) years. General information questionnaire and MOS SF-36 scale were used to collect data. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze and determine the influencing factors for the QOL.ResultsThe total score of QOL of 224 patients was 71.78±17.60 points. All these scores of the patients were significantly lower than those of the general population of Chengdu (P<0.05) except the dimension of vitality. The QOL scores differences between sex, marital status, family income, working condition, the occurrence of anticoagulant complications and other complications were significant (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that family income, working condition, the occurrence of anticoagulant complications and other complications could be included in the regression model, explaining 26.8% of total variance. ConclusionThe mid-to-long term QOL is lower in the patients after heart valve replacement. Family income, working condition, anticoagulant complications and other complications are the main influencing factors for mid-to-long term QOL for patients after heart valve replacement.

Long-term outcomes of neoadjuvant therapy combined with intersphincteric resection for low/ultra-low rectal cancer

ObjectiveBased on the latest version of the Database from Colorectal Cancer(DACCA), this study analyzed the long-term effect of neoadjuvant therapy combined with intersphincteric resection (ISR) in patients with rectal cancer. MethodsAccording to the established screening criteria, clinical data of 944 patients with rectal cancer admitted from January 2009 to December 2020 were collected from the DACCA updated on March 21, 2022, to explore the influencing factors for overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) of rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy combined with ISR, by Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results① The 3-year OS and DSS survival rates of neoadjuvant therapy combined with ISR for rectal cancer were 89.2% and 90.4%, respectively, and the 5-year OS and DSS survival rates were 83.9% and 85.4%, respectively. ② For different ISR surgical methods and neoadjuvant therapy plans, there were no significant differences in OS and DSS (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in OS and DSS among different ypTNM stage groups (P<0.001), patients with ypTNM 0–Ⅱ had better OS and DSS. ③ BMI, ypTNM stage and R0 resection were influencing factors for OS and DSS (P<0.05). ④ The overall incidence of postoperative complications was low, including 6.4% (60/944) within 30 days, 7.5% (71/944) within half a year and 3.3% (31/944) over half a year after operation. ConclusionsIn the comprehensive treatment of patients with low/ultra-low rectal cancer, neoadjuvant therapy combined with ISR can achieve relatively stable and good long-term oncological efficacy, and the incidence of short-term postoperative complications is not high, which is one of the options.

Analyze the Reason for the Success of Weaning of Patients with Longterm Mechanical Ventilation

目的:分析长期机械通气患者脱机成败原因,提高脱机成功率。方法:针对本院2003年5月至2008年10月近6年ICU172例长期机械通气患者成败原因进行分析。结果:总脱机成功率90.69%。脱机失败率 9.31%。结论:长期机械通气患者多存在多种因素的共同参与,如营养不良、全身衰弱、呼吸功能不全、通气泵衰竭和心理因素等,增加了脱机的难度,进而出现撤机困难。

视盘血管瘤长期观察和晚期治疗

Efficacy and long-term retention rate comparision of ketogenic diet (KD) for children with intractable epilepsy in outpatient department and inpatient department

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and compliance of children children with refractory epilepsy receiving ketogenic diet (KD) in outpatient department with children receiving KD treatment in inpatient department. MethodsA retrospective study of 44 children with intractable epilepsy receiving the modified classical ketogenic diets in outpatient department from June 2014 to December 2015, who were followed-up during the third, sixth and twelfth month. Records of epileptic seizures and adverse reactions were used to evaluate the efficacy and retention rate of inpatient department KD treatment in children with refractory epilepsy, and compared with 104 children receiving KD treatment in inpatient department at the same period. ResultsThirty-four of the forty-four children comleted observation after 12-month follow-up, 15 cases had been seizure freedom, 22 cases had more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, 12 patients had less than 50% reduction in seizure frequency.The total effective rate of the KD therapy in outpatient department was 64.7%, and the retention rate was 71%. 18 of of the 104 children with KD treatment in inpatient department at the same period comleted observation after 12-month follow-up, 3 cases had been seizure freedom, 5 cases had more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, 13 cases had less than 50% reduction in seizure frequency.The total effective rate of the KD therapy in inpatient department was 27.8%, and the retention rate was 17.3%. ConclusionThe KD therapy in outpatient department is effective to children with intractable epilepsy, and there is a highly efficacy and compliance of children receiving KD in outpatient department comparing with children receiving KD in inpatient department. Therefore, it's optional to children with refractory epilepsy who can't received KD by inpatient department because of insufficient number of beds.

Long-term Outcomes of Surgical Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. It is characterized by an interventricular communication with an overriding aorta, subpulmonary obstruction, and consequent right ventricular hypertrophy. The potential for late complications is an important concern for growing number of survivors after surgical repair, although long-term survival rates are excellent. Progressive pulmonary valve regurgitation leading to right heart failure and arrhythmias are common late complications and major reasons of mortality. In this review, we focus on research progress of pathogenesis and treatment of late complications after TOF repair, and the importance of long-term follow-up is emphasized.

儿童癫痫的 50 年随访研究：医疗结局、发病率和药物治疗

描述儿童癫痫的长期预后，尤其侧重于癫痫发作缓解、复发、药物治疗、相关神经系统功能障碍、死亡率和死亡原因。针对 1962 年—1964 年间基于人群总数为 195 例癫痫发作儿童队列的一项前瞻性纵向研究。数据均通过医疗记录和调查问卷收集。来自最初队列 94% 的随访数据显示，无智力或神经功能障碍的患儿，无癫痫发作的长期预后最好。这些患儿发病较晚，癫痫发作的持续时间较短，且通常不使用药物。他们中仅少数曾复发。全面性而非局灶性癫痫，通常较少复发，持续用药更短。 “真正发病”组，即在 1962 年—1964 年间纳入的发病患儿，无癫痫发作的长期预后最好，90% 在 50 年后癫痫无发作。尽管该组中仅 10% 在随访时仍有发作，但 22% 仍使用抗惊厥药物，且常使用传统药物—苯巴比妥或苯妥英钠作为抗癫痫药物之一。整个组的标准化死亡率（Standardized mortality ratio，SMR）为 2.61，且在有无其他神经系统缺陷的患者之间无差异。年轻的死亡患者部分有神经系统损伤，部分死于癫痫相关的情况，而年龄较大的患者死亡通常由非癫痫相关疾病导致。发病组中无患者死于癫痫猝死（Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy，SUDEP）。我们 12 年的随访和以往的报道相比，儿童癫痫患者的 50 年长期随访总体显示出更好的癫痫无发作结局。文章报道了癫痫发作较低的复发率，癫痫发作的缓解并不意味着药物治疗的终止，SUDEP 相关的死亡率也低于以往的报道。

Purchase willingness rate of long-term care insurance in China: a meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo systematically review the purchase willingness rate and influencing factors of long-term care insurance in Chinese population.MethodsCNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, EMbase and PubMed databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the purchase willingness rate of long-term care insurance in China from inception to March 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 16.0 software.ResultsA total of 66 cross-sectional studies involving 151 231 subjects were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the purchase willingness rate of long-term care insurance in China was 52.4% (95%CI 48.1% to 56.8%). Subgroup analysis showed that: among the sample characteristic factors, residents who were from the central region of China (56.4%), being studied after 2016 (53.3%), and residing in pilot regions (53.1%) had a higher willingness rate to purchase long-term care insurance. Among demographic factors, the research considered factors of residence and family size (56.2%) contributed to a higher willingness to purchase long-term care insurance, and residents with monthly income from 1 000 yuan to 5 000 yuan (55.4%) and who were unmarried (55.3%) had a higher willingness to purchase long-term care insurance. Among health and concept factors, the research considered factors of insurance and government trust (57.3%), factor of number of chronic diseases (55.0%), and factor of health risk cognition (52.4%) contributed to a higher willingness to purchase long-term care insurance. Among the factors of long-term care insurance system, factor of the government subsidy (60.6%), factor of long-term care insurance price (58.0%) and factor of payment methods (56.2%) contributed a higher willingness to purchase long-term care insurance.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that over half of residents are willing to purchase long-term care insurance. However, different factors still affect their purchase willingness. The influencing factors reflect numerous difficulties in the current long-term care insurance system, which requires attention and continuous improvement of policy formulators and related researchers.