Objective To evaluate the feasibility and significance of problem-based learning (PBL) in orthopedic internship. Methods A total of 315 students in grade 2002 were involved in PBL during their internship in the Department of Orthopedics at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Teaching effectiveness was evaluated with a questionnaire and an ability examination. The results of PBL teaching during different semesters were compared, and the feasibil ity and significance of PBL were analyzed. Results Students who participated in PBL were in a dominant position and were more active in the learning process. The PBL pattern could improve students’ ability to identify, analyze and solve problems, and also contribute to fostering and enhancing their clinical thinking. This could help them solve the problems that emerged from the theory curriculum.Conclusions The PBL pattern used in the orthopedics internship has advantages and practical significance, which are applicable in modern medical teaching practice.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of positive family behavior support on emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children with epilepsy. Methods A total of 80 preschool epileptic children and their parents who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of our hospital from October 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects, and were divided into experimental group and control group with 40 cases each by random number table method. The control group received neurology routine nursing, and the experimental group received positive family behavior support intervention based on the control group. The scores of family intimacy and adaptability scale, strengths and difficulties questionnaire, medication compliance and quality of life of epilepsy children were compared before and after intervention between the two groups. ResultsAfter intervention, the scores of strength and difficulty questionnaire in experimental group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05), and the scores of family intimacy and adaptability scale, quality of life and medication compliance in experimental group were higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). ConclusionThe application of positive family behavior support program can reduce the occurrence of emotional behavior problems, improve family closeness and adaptability, improve medication compliance, and improve the quality of life of preschool children with epilepsy.
There are several main obstacles to structure clinical questions in the process of developing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, such as clinicians have misconceptions about clinical question structure, and clinical questions do not fit clinical practice. These obstacles results in the incomplete structure and not standardized expression of the clinical questions, and reduce the quality and applicability of guidelines. To overcome these obstacles, this article introduced the application and specific details of clinical question framing and expression with practical examples, to assist clinicians in understanding clinical questions and to provide methodological references for clinical question formulation in the guidelines.
The inverse problem of diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is ill-posed. Traditional method cannot achieve high imaging accuracy and the calculation process is time-consuming, which restricts the clinical application of DOT. Therefore, a method based on stacked auto-encoder (SAE) was proposed and used for the DOT inverse problem. Firstly, a traditional SAE method is used to solved the inverse problem. Then, the output structure of SAE neural network is improved to a single output SAE, which reduce the burden on the neural network. Finally, the improved SAE method is used to compare with traditional SAE method and traditional levenberg-marquardt (LM) iterative method. The result shows that the average time to solve the inverse problem of the method proposed in this paper is only 1.67% of the LM method. The mean square error (MSE) value is 46.21% lower than the traditional iterative method, 61.53% lower than the traditional SAE method, and the image correlation coefficient(ICC) value is 4.03% higher than the traditional iterative method, 18.7% higher than the traditional SAE method and has good noise immunity under 3% noise conditions. The research results in this article prove that the improved SAE method has higher image quality and noise resistance than the traditional SAE method, and at the same time has a faster calculation speed than the traditional iterative method, which is conducive to the application of neural networks in DOT inverse problem calculation.
ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) during the internship process for undergraduates in general medical colleges and universities. MethodsFrom September 2011 to September 2012, PBL mode teaching was carried for the five-year undergraduates, in which students were encouraged to explore, innovate, and put forward questions by themselves, and teachers were responsible for guiding. Based on entrance theoretical examination results and the comprehensive evaluation results, the grade 2008 undergraduate interns who received "3+2" two-phase teaching were divided into experimental group and control group with 50 students in each. Students in the experimental group were given the PBL teaching method, while the control group continued to receive traditional teaching mode. Finally, we adopted questionnaire survey, theory exam, and skill evaluation to compare the two groups of students. ResultsFor the questionnaire survey, students in the experimental group got significantly higher marks in such items as "mutual assessment between teachers and students" and "skill operation knowledge mastery" than the control group (P<0.05), but in items like "medical ethics" and "social cultivation", the differences were not significant (P>0.05). For the theory exam results, the average score for students in the experimental group (84.98±9.78) was not significantly different from that in the control group (81.86±10.04) (P>0.05). For the skill operation, the average score for the experimental group was 8.87±0.89, which was significantly higher than that for the control group (6.80±1.46) (P<0.05). ConclusionPBL mode is worth popularizing for its function of improving students' practical operation ability and thinking ability. However, the improvement of theoretical knowledge learning needs to be further solved.
Ultrasound diffraction tomography (UDT) possesses the characteristics of high resolution, sensitive to dense tissue, and has high application value in clinics. To suppress the artifact and improve the quality of reconstructed image, classical interpolation method needs to be improved by increasing the number of projections and channels, which will increase the scanning time and the complexity of the imaging system. In this study, we tried to accurately reconstruct the object from limited projection based on compressed sensing. Firstly, we illuminated the object from random angles with limited number of projections. Then we obtained spatial frequency samples through Fourier diffraction theory. Secondly, we formulated the inverse problem of UDT by exploring the sparsity of the object. Thirdly, we solved the inverse problem by conjugate gradient method to reconstruct the object. We accurately reconstructed the object using the proposed method. Not only can the proposed method save scanning time to reduce the distortion by respiratory movement, but also can reduce cost and complexity of the system. Compared to the interpolation method, our method can reduce the reconstruction error and improve the structural similarity.
In the formulation of the clinical question of traditional Chinese medicine clinical practice guidelines, even if the intervention elements (intervention or control) have an appropriate scope, guideline developers are still faced with a variety of interventions. By analyzing the difficulty and necessity of priority selection of intervention interventions, we propose the approach of extending expert evidence to the process of priority selection of intervention interventions, and further provide the methodology of expert evidence data collection table design, application, data presentation and expert decision-making method to provide references and guidance for guideline developers.
Objectives To train postgraduate medical students the ability of effectively using network resources and independently studying, and to explore new model of clinical liver cancer teaching. Methods The teaching model of problembased learning (PBL) to clinical liver cancer teaching was applied. Results The teaching model of PBL changed graduate student the status of passive acceptance to active participation. The teaching process was full of livingness, and the teaching quality was improved.Conclusion The teaching model of PBL can break through the limitations of passive acceptance of book knowledge in traditional teaching model and improve the ability to handle the comprehensive clinical knowledge of liver cancer, which provides a new model to the teaching of liver cancer to graduate medical students in clinic.
We analysed the profiles of teaching practice in clinical diagnostics for international students in recent three years in West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University. Teaching experiences and characteristics were summarized through the following five aspects:pre-service training for all teachers, textbook selection and lesson plan formulation, teaching style and problem-based learning, as well as teaching feedback. We aimed to improve the quality of medical education for international students. Our teaching practice can offer better clinical skills and correct clinical analysis ability for international students in West China School of Medicine, which should be a great help for their further career development.