Objetive To investigate the effect of elastic pivot stable biteplate on treating irredueible temporal bone displacement of the temporomandibular joint. Methods Twenty-eight cases of irredueible temporal bone displacement of the temporomandibular joint treated with the elasticpivot stable biteplate from 2000 to 2004 were summarized. The ages of the patients ranged from 15 to 58 yeras includding 11 men and 17 women.Results All the patients were treated for 1 month and followed up for 3 to 6 months. The effective rate was 87.51%. The patients who had shorter course of diseases obtained better effect than the patients who had longer courses of diseases. Conclusion Elastic pivot stable biteplate is an effective alternative for treating irredueible temporal bone displacement of the temporomandibular joint and it exerts better effect on the patients that have short courses of diseases.
The aim of this study was to design a simple, economic, with high Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), preamplifier and multi-channel masticatory muscle surface electromyography (sEMG) signal acquisition system assisting to diagnose temporomandibular disorders (TMD). We used the USB interface technology in the EMG data with the aid of the windows to operate system and graphical interface. Eight patients with TMD and eight controls were analyzed separately using this system. In this system, we analyzed sEMG by an optional combination of time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency, several spectral analysis, wavelets and other special algorithms under multi-parameter. Multi-channel sEMG System of Masticatory Muscles is a simple, economic system. It has high sensitivity and specificity. The sEMG signals were changed in patients with TMD. The system would pave the way for diagnosis TMD and help us to assess the treatment effect. A novel and objective method is provided for diagnosis and treatment of oral-maxillofacial disease and functional reconstruction.
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a common oral and maxillofacial disease, which is difficult to detect due to its subtle early symptoms. In this study, a TMD intelligent diagnostic system implemented on edge computing devices was proposed, which can achieve rapid detection of TMD in clinical diagnosis and facilitate its early-stage clinical intervention. The proposed system first automatically segments the important components of the temporomandibular joint, followed by quantitative measurement of the joint gap area, and finally predicts the existence of TMD according to the measurements. In terms of segmentation, this study employs semi-supervised learning to achieve the accurate segmentation of temporomandibular joint, with an average Dice coefficient (DC) of 0.846. A 3D region extraction algorithm for the temporomandibular joint gap area is also developed, based on which an automatic TMD diagnosis model is proposed, with an accuracy of 83.87%. In summary, the intelligent TMD diagnosis system developed in this paper can be deployed at edge computing devices within a local area network, which is able to achieve rapid detecting and intelligent diagnosis of TMD with privacy guarantee.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of modified temporomandibular joint disc reduction and suture with tragus incision assisted by arthroscopy for temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement (ADD). Methods A clinical data of 30 patients (45 sides) with temporomandibular joint ADD, who met selective criteria and were admitted between September 2022 and February 2024, was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 15 patients (23 sides) were treated with temporomandibular joint disc reduction and suture via small incision (open operation group), and 15 patients (22 sides) with modified temporomandibular joint disc reduction and suture with tragus incision assisted by arthroscopy (arthroscopy group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, affected side, Wilkes-Bronstein stage, preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, maximal interincisal opening (MIO), and temporomandibular joint dysfunction index (DI), craniomandibular index (CMI), palpation index (PI), and other baseline data between groups (P>0.05). VAS score, MIO, and temporomandibular joint function indicators (PI, DI, CMI) of patients were recorded at 3 months after operation, and the difference (change value) of the above indicators between pre- and post-operation was calculated. At 1 week after operation, MRI was performed to evaluate the reduction of the articular disc compared to the preoperative image. The results were classified as excellent, good, and poor, with excellent and good being considered effective reduction. The condition of condyle process repair was observed by cone beam CT (CBCT) at 3 months after operation. Results All incisions healed by first intention in the two groups. All patients were followed up 3-18 months (mean, 8.2 months). Facial nerve injury occurred in 3 cases in the open operation group and 1 case in the arthroscopy group, all of which returned to normal after physiotherapy and drug treatment. At 3 months after operation, MIO and VAS scores of both groups significantly improved when compared with those before operation (P<0.05), and temporomandibular joint function indicators (PI, DI, CMI) significantly decreased (P<0.05). The change values of MIO and temporomandibular joint function indicators in arthroscopy group were significantly higher than those in open operation group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the change value of VAS score between groups (P>0.05). There was no recurrence during follow-up. Postoperative MRI review showed that the effective reduction rate of joint disc was 95.65% (22/23) in the open operation group and 95.45% (21/22) in the arthroscopy group, with no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). Postoperative CBCT found that early and timely effective reduction of joint disc was conducive to condyle process repair and reconstruction. Conclusion Modified temporomandibular joint disc reduction and suture with tragus incision assisted by arthroscopy has a clear effect in the treatment of ADD, with less trauma, fewer postoperative complications, and good early effectiveness.
Masticatory robots have a broad application prospect in the field of denture material tests and mandible rehabilitation. Mechanism type of temporomandibular joint structure is an important factor influencing the performance of the masticatory robot. In view of the wide application of elastic components in the field of the biomimetic robot, an elastic component was adopted to simulate the buffering characteristics of the temporomandibular joint disc and formed the elastic temporomandibular joint structure on the basis of point-contact high pair. Secondly, the influences of the elastic temporomandibular joint structure (on mechanism degree, kinematics, dynamics, etc.) were discussed. The position and velocity of the temporomandibular joint were analyzed based on geometric constraints of the joint surface, and the dynamic analysis based on the Lagrange equation was carried out. Finally, the influence of the preload and stiffness of the elastic component was analyzed by the response surface method. The results showed that the elastic temporomandibular joint structure could effectively guarantee the flexible movement and stable force of the joint. The elastic joint structure proposed in this paper further improves the biomimetic behavior of masticatory robots. It provides new ideas for the biomimetic design of viscoelastic joint discs.
Objective To assess the evidence of Cochrane systematic reviews on the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) as well as the methodological quality of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the included systematic reviews. Methods The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2008) was searched for systematic reviews on the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. The risk of bias was assessed independently by two authors. Results Three systematic reviews involving 25 RCTs were included. The methods of 23 studies were rated as of lower quality with high risk of various biases. Only 2 studies were of high quality. Conclusion There is insufficient or inconsistent evidence to support the use of hyaluronate, occlusal adjustment, and stabilization splint therapy for the treatment of TMD. The overall quality of RCTs about the treatment of TMD is generally low. Analysis of the included trials showed that some trials had no clear description of randomization methods, allocation concealment, sample size calculation, and intention-to-treat analysis. To improve the quality of the reporting of RCTs, clinical trial registration and the revised Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement should be introduced into the trial design and strictly followed.
ObjectiveTo discuss the fixed restoration for severe dental attrition with partial dentition defect. MethodsWe selected 15 patients who had received treatments in Hebei Ophthalmology Hospital due to dental allergy, chewing weakness and temporomandibular joint dysfuction caused by severe attrition from February 2007 to October 2012. Among them, there were 9 males and 6 females, aged from 22 to 58 years old averaging 33. We performed occlusal reconstruction by fixed restoration for these patients, recovered their vertical dimension, and then carried out the follow-up. ResultsIn the two-year follow-up, two patients had porcelain cracking, one patient's metal-ceramic crown dropped; no gingiva swelling occurred, periodontal tissues were healthy, occlusal functions recovered well, temporomandibular joint dysfunction and masticatory muscles were not discomfortable, subfacial 1/3 was normal, and patients were satisfied with their appearance and facial contour. ConclusionUsing the fixed restoration to reconstruct occlusions can effectively recover patients' masticatory functions, add height for subfacial 1/3, and improve the symptoms of temporomandibular joint.
Objective To discuss the stabil ity and practical ity of temporomandibular joint replacement by establ ishing goats artificial temporomandibular joint replacement model. Methods Six healthy mature goats were selected, the male and female being half and weighing 35.3-37.0 kg. According to the parameters from X-ray films of goat’ s temporomandibular joint and the shape of the same kind goat’s skull, the total temporomandibular joint prosthesis was prepared. The one side temporomandibular joints of six goats were replaced by prosthesis randomly as the experimental group (n=6, fossa and condyle according to replacement location) and the other side by titanium plate as the control group (n=6). At 4,8, and 12 weeks, the histological observation, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation were carried out for observing structural changes in the interface. The mechanical test and histochemistry test were used for observing the combination degree of interface and the alkal ine phosphatase (ALP) activity. Results All animals were al ive to the end of experiment with normal open mouth, good recovery of masticatory function, and normal eating. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks, implants were stable in 2 groups without loosening. The histological observation and SEM observation showed the amount of osteoblasts in interface increased over times. There were significant differences in the shearing force and the ALP activity between fossa in experimental group and control group at 4 weeks (P lt; 0.05), but there was no significant difference between other groups (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion The total temporomandibular prosthesis has good stabil ity in temporomandibular joint reconstruction of goat after replacement.
Objective To compare effects of intra-articular injection of corticosteroid or viscoelastic agent alone or a combination of the two drugs for treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. Methods A prospective quasirandomized controlled trial was conducted to compare 3 treatment protocols of intra-articular injections in the upper compartment of the joint immediately following arthrocentesis repeatedly every 10 days: ① triamcinolone 8 mg alone for 3 times, ② 1% hyaluronate 1 ml alone for 4 times, and ③ triamcinolone 8 mg for 2 times then 1% hyaluronate 1 ml for 2 times. Clinical examinations were done at baseline, 1, 12, and 24 months after end of the treatments. According to improvement of the symptoms and clinical signs, the effectiveness was graded in 3 classes: excellent, better, no change, or worse. The first two were classified as effective. Effective rates of the treatments and subgroups were compared statistically. Results Five hundred and sixty four patients with temporomandibular disorders were included and randomly allocated to 3 groups with 188 patients in each group. The rate of lost follow up at 24 months was 6.9% to 10.1%. At one month after treatment, the triamcinolone group had a better effective rate at 92.0%. At 12 and 24 months of follow up, effective rates of the hyaluronate group were better than those in the triamcinolone alone group (84.6% vs. 54.1% and 83.4% vs. 40.4%). Effective rates of combining triamcinolone and hyaluronate group at 12 and 24 months were 90.4% and 66.3% respectively. Conclusion Intra-articular injection of corticosteroid has better results in a short term and hyaluronate has better results in a long term in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders.
Objective To assess the effectiveness of intraarticular injection of hyaluronate (HA) on temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods Searching various databases available, handsearching 15 Chinese dental journals to find articles, abstracts and unpublished literature with randomized or quasi-randomized design on the effects of intraarticular injection of HA on TMD.Data extraction, appraisal, and the methods for Meta-analysis were conducted based on the Cochrane guidelines. Results 12 RCTs and 2 CCT on TMD and 1 RCT on rheumatoid arthritis involving temporomandibular joints (TMJ) were located, 10 of them fulfilled inclusion criteria in which 561 patients were reported.Except 71 cases with only qualitative data, 490 cases could be calculated in Meta-analysis: 277 on HA, 113 on placebo or non-treatment (PL) and 100 on corticosteroids (CO). In comparison with PL, HA injection showed no statistically significant effect on short and long term improvement of symptoms, and short term improvement of VAS as well. But it presented significant better effects than PL in short and long term improvement of clinical signs, especially mouth opening. When sensitivity analysis was conducted for improvement of short term signs, the conclusion was not stable. Comparison of the effect between HA and CO showed the same efficacy levels. Adverse reactions of HA were mild and transient. Conclusions HA may improve short and long term clinical signs of TMD and have only mild and transient adverse reactions. However, more RCTs are needed to confirm its therapeutic effect.