Objective To investigate the influence of chronic alcohol ingestion on the severity of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by oleic acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly administrated with alcohol or water for 6 weeks,then instilled with oleic acid and LPS to induce ALI or with normal saline as control.Thus the rats were randomly divided into two injury groups [ethanol group and water group] and two control groups [ethanol group and water group] (n=8 in each group). PaO2,Wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D),levels of γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in the lung tissue were measured.Results Compared to corresponding control groups,the PaO2 and GSH significantly decreased,and the lung W/D and MDA level were significantly increased in the injury groups (all Plt;0.05).In the injury groups,the changes of above parameters were more significant in the alcohol group than thoe in the water group (all Plt;0.05),except the lung W/D with no significant difference.Conclusion Chronic ethanol ingestion was relevalent to oxidation/ antioxidation imbalance and more severe lung injury in rats with severe septic after trauma,which suggests that chronic alcohol abuse could increase the severity of acute lung injury.
Objective To explore the role of chronic ethanol ingestion in pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10) and an ethanol group ( n=10) , and fed with quantitative non-ethanol and ethanol Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet every day respectively. All rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks. The morphological changes and collagen deposition of lung tissue were observed under light microscope by HE and Masson staining. Levels of glutathione (GSH) and hydroxyproline (HYP) in lung tissues were measured by colorimetric method. The content of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in lung tissue was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, varied degrees of alveolar and alveolar septal infiltration of inflammatory cells can be shown in the ethanol group, and also some alveolar wall damage or collapse.Masson staining showed that the ethanol group has more significant deposition of collagen fibers in alveolar interstitumthan the control group. The content of GSH in rat lung tissue reduced, but the contents of HYP and CTGF increased in the ethanol group compared with the control group [ GSH( mg/g) :0.08±0.04 vs. 0.22±0.14, HYP(mg/g) : 0.57±0.15 vs. 0.40 ± 0.09, CTGF(ng/mL) :306.57±46.86 vs. 134.02±79.82, Plt;0.05] . Conclusions Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet can establish a rat model of chronic ethanol ingestion. Lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in rats can be induced by chronic ethanol ingestion. Ethanol may be one of the causes of the pulmonary fibrosis.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of smoking and drinking status on the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsThe clinical data of 483 patients with ESCC who underwent surgical treatment in Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital from 2007 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 352 patients were male and 131 were female, with a median age of 64 (37-80) years. There were 311 smokers and 172 drinkers. The relationship between preoperative drinking or smoking status and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with ESCC was analyzed. Log-rank method and Cox risk regression were used to conduct univariate and multivariate survival analysis, respectively.ResultsThe preoperative smoking status was related to the patient's tumor location (P=0.030). Drinking status was associated with tumor location (P=0.001), degree of differentiation (P=0.030), pathological T stage (P=0.024) and pathological N stage (P=0.029). Univariate survival analysis showed that smoking status did not affect the disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.188) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.127) of patients with ESCC. However, patients who drank alcohol had worse PFS than non-drinking patients (29.37 months vs. 42.87 months, P=0.009). It was further proved that alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor affecting patients' recurrence and metastasis by using multivariate analysis (RR=1.28, P=0.040). Alcohol consumption also reduced the OS of patients by 21.47 months (P=0.014), however, multivariate analysis did not yield significant results.ConclusionPreoperative drinking status is related to the stage and differentiation of patients with ESCC. It is an independent risk factor affecting the recurrence and metastasis of ESCC.
ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of alcohol consumption on oral flora of middle-aged and elderly men from the core area of southwestern China, and explore the relationship between excessive-alcohol-consumption-related flora and alcohol-related cancer.MethodsFrom March to June 2018, saliva samples of target subjects were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and a questionnaire survey which took drinking history of each participant as the target variable was conducted. According to the amount of alcohol consumed, the subjects were divided into non-drinking group, moderate-drinking group, and excessive-drinking group. The microbial analysis of α diversity, analysis of group difference of oral flora abundance, bacterial function prediction, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve model prediction were carried out.ResultsA total of 59 subjects were included. There were 23 cases (39.0%) in the non-drinking group, 23 cases (39.0%) in the moderate-drinking group, and 13 cases (22.0%) in the excessive-drinking group. The average age was (61.90±8.85) years. Excessive drinking increased the abundance of oral flora (P<0.05), and could change the abundance of specific genus such as Peptostreptococcus and TM7[G-6] (P<0.05) and regulate cancer-related pathways (P<0.05). ROC analysis found that a panel of three genus oral bacteria such as TM7[G-6] might effectively distinguish the non-drinking group from the excessive-drinking group (area under curve=0.915).ConclusionsGenus of Peptostreptococcus and TM7_[G-6] are the potential oral flora biomarkers for the excessive-drinking of target subjects. Some excessive drinking-related flora are closely related to oral cancer.
Objective To analyze the trend of changes in the burden of liver cancer diseases attributed to alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data on liver cancer burden attributed to drinking in China from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the global burden of disease 2019. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trend of disease burden, and age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. Results From 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence rate of liver cancer attributable to drinking among the total population, men and women showed a downward trend. The AAPC was −2.52% (95%CI −2.83% to −2.21%), 3.26% (95%CI −3.62% to −2.89%) and −2.24% (95%CI −2.61% to −1.86%), respectively; The standardized mortality rates showed a decreasing trend, with AAPC values of −2.86% (95%CI −3.46% to −2.26%), −3.48% (95%CI −4.20% to −2.76%), and −2.67% (95%CI −2.99% to −2.34%), respectively; The standardized DALY rates showed a downward trend, with AAPC values of −3.09% (95%CI −3.65% to −2.53%), −2.92% (95%CI −3.25% to −2.58%), and −3.77 (95%CI −4.21% to −3.31%), respectively. The trend changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). From 1990 to 2019, the overall risk of liver cancer incidence and death attributed to drinking in China, both in males and females, showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with age; As the period increased, both the overall population and the male population showed a downward trend, followed by an upward trend, while the female population remained relatively stable; The lower the risk of liver cancer incidence and death attributed to drinking as the queue progressed. Conclusion The standardized incidence rate, mortality and DALY rates of liver cancer attributable to drinking in China are generally declining, we should strengthen health education and early diagnosis and treatment for both male and elderly people to reduce the burden of liver cancer.
Objective To integrate and analyze the disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019, along with the differences between genders, and predict the trends in disease burden changes from 2020 to 2029 to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019 was extracted and integrated from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, and the corresponding trend was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model with Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software. The gray prediction model [GM (1, 1) ] was used to forecast the disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China from 2020 to 2029. Results In 2019, the leading causes of esophageal cancer in China were tobacco, alcohol, high body mass index, and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, accounting for the first to fifth positions in esophageal cancer deaths. From a gender perspective, in 2019, the death number and standardized mortality rate for males were 18.97 times and 20.00 times higher than for females, respectively. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and standardized DALYs rate for males were 33.08 times and 24.78 times higher than those for females, respectively, indicating a heavier disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer among Chinese males. From 1990 to 2019, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in deaths and DALYs due to alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China was 2.08% and 1.63%, respectively, showing a continuous upward trend with statistical significance (P<0.05). The AAPC values for standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2019 were –0.92% and –1.23%, respectively, showing a continuous downward trend with statistical significance (P<0.05). The population aged ≥55 years was the main group bearing the disease burden among all age groups from 1990 to 2019. The gray prediction model predicted that by 2029, the overall standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate would decrease to 2.94/100 000and 67.94/100 000, with a greater decline in females than in males. Conclusion Over the past 30 years, the disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China has slightly decreased. However, the reduction in disease burden is still lower compared to the overall decline in esophageal cancer burden, and the disease burden for males is significantly higher than for females. Focusing on prevention and treatment for males and the elderly population remains a major issue in addressing alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China.