The hallmark of the recent latest advances in diagnostic fundus imaging technology is combination of complex hierarchical levels and depths, as well as wide-angle imaging, ultra-wide imaging. The clinical application of wide-angle and ultra-wide imaging, not only can reevaluate the role of the peripheral retina, the classification types and treatment modalities of central retinal vein occlusion, and enhance the reliability of diabetic retinopathy screening, improve the classification and therapeutic decision of diabetic retinopathy, and but also can help guide and improve laser photocoagulation. However we must clearly recognize that the dominant role of ophthalmologists in the diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases cannot be replaced by any advanced fundus imaging technology including wide-angle imaging. We emphasize to use the three factors of cognitive performance (technology, knowledge and thinking) to improve the diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases in China.
The activities and distributions of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),malic dehydrogenase(MDH),lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(AKP) in retinal vessels were studied and observed with enzymatic histochemical techniques. The retinal vessels showed a b LDH activity, moderate SDH and MDH activity. The dehydrogenase activity described above was evenly and equally distributed in the microvasculature between arterioles and venules, and was the best in arteries. AKP showed predominant activity in the endothelial cells of capillaries and arterioles which were stained bly. No activity for ACP observed in the retinal vessels. The observations above indicate that the retinal vessels are metabolically active and have a great capacity for glycolysis. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1992,8:6-9）
Objective To observe the histopathological changes in human eyes with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and to provide objective basis for effective methods of prevention and treatment for (CRVO). Methods Histopathological analysis was performed on the samples of 11 eyes in 11 patients with ischemic CRVO. The changes of central retinal veins (CRV) and central retinal arteries (CRA) wereobserved. Results The lumen of CRV became narrow when passed through the lamina cribrosa in 11 eyes, in which organized thrombus was found in the lamina cribrosa region and post lamina cribrosa region in 5 eyes, and organized thrombus re-unobstructed channels, endothelial proliferation and narrow lumen were found in 6 eyes. Arteriosclerosis of the CRA was observed in all of the 11 eyes with thick wall of the artery and narrow lumen. Proliferation of endothelium of wall of CRA and narrow lumen in the lamina cribrosa region was found in 2 eyes and no thrombus was found at the lamina cribrosa level. Conclusion During the course of ischemic CRVO, thrombus occurs in CRV at the level of lamina cribrosa. The prognosis of CRVO may lie on the time and degree the thrombosis re-opens. The mechanism of CRVO is that CRV is pressed in the narrow interspace of scleral channels of lamina cribrosa. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 163-165)
Purpose To observe the clinical features and visual acuity of the eyes with idiopathic macular holes. Methods We reviewed the clinical materials of 23eyes of 18 patients with idiopathic macular holes and the follow up results from 6 to 120 months. Results In the initial examinations of 22 eyes,the numbers of eyes with stagesⅠ-Ⅳ macular holes were5,4,10,3 eyes respectively,and funds fluorescein angiography showed there were focal transmission of choroidal fluorescein in 17 eyes (stagesⅡ～Ⅳ).Macular hole ocurred in one eyes during follow up.At the final examination of 23 eyes,the numbers of eyes with stages Ⅰ～Ⅳ macular holes were 2,2,9,8 eyes respectively .Full-thickness macular hole of 2 eyes closed naturally after posterior vitreous detachment.The time interval of the subjective visual loss on stage Ⅰ was 5-8 months,stageⅡ8-20 months,stageⅢ12-126 months ,and the average visual acuity on stageⅠwas 0.7,stage 0.55,stageⅢ0.08,and stage Ⅳ0.08 Conclusion Approximately 60% of impending (stage Ⅰ) hole progress to full thickness holes, the full thickness holes were usually enlarged and the visual acuity of affected eyes decreased as the natural course was prolonged . (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:222-223)
Objective To investigate the time and the mechanism of the toxic and side effects of silicone oil on ocular tissues. Methods 19 human eyeballs were examined histopathologically at different time intervals after silicone oil tamponade. Results Microscopic bubbles presumably containing silicone oil were found in sensory retina,RPE,optic nerve, pre and subretinal membrane,iris,anterior chamber angle,and retrocorneal membrane.In the eyes containing silicone oil for less than 9 months.Silicone bubbles were present only in the surface of retina(within preretinal membrane or macrophages),and after that time,silicone bubbles were noted within sensory retina.In an eye enucleated 39 months after intravitreal silicone tamponade,the parenchyma and subarachnoid space of the optic nerve were found to be diffusely invaded by silicone bubbles. Conclusion The histopathologic changes of ocular tissues are related to the duration of intravitreal silicone oil tamponade. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 232-234)