Objective To investigate whether postoperative therapy can bring survival benefits to patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP regimen. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 115 patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP regimen and underwent esophagectomy in our hospital from January 2007 through December 2016. Patients were divided into two groups including a non-receiving treatment group (54 patients with 47 males and 7 females) and a receiving treatment group (61 patients with 52 males and 9 females). There were 31 patients with postoperative chemotherapy, 14 with postoperative radiotherapy, and 16 with postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the receiving treatment group. Results In the non-receiving treatment group, the 5-year median disease free survival (DFS) rate was 54.7%, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 55.3%. In the receiving treatment group, the median DFS was 46.0 months (95% CI 22.9–69.1), the 5-year DFS rate was 42.3%; and the median OS was 68.0 months (95% CI 33.0–103.0), the 5-year OS rate was 51.3%. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference between the two groups with regards to DFS (P=0.641) or OS (P=0.757) using Kaplan-Meier method. Besides, in each subgroup, the results of Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed postoperative treatment did not improve survival (P>0.05, respectively). Conclusion Postoperative treatment does not bring survival benefits to patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP regimen.
Objective To explore the expression of CD105 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and it＇s relationship with P53 protein. Methods Using streptavidin biotinperoxidase （SP） method, the expression of CD105 protein and P53 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were examined in normal esophageal tissues （n=10） and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues（n=86）. Results The expression positive rate of CD105 protein was 74. 4%（64/86） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma , 0% in normal esophageal epithelium. Expression positive rate of CD105 protein was 66. 1%（37/56） in early stage （stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ ）, 90.0% （27/30） in later stages （stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ ）. The expression of CD105 protein were bly associated with P53 protein（P〈0. 05）. Conclusion CD105 protein may participate in the onset and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CD105 protein could he a new diagnostic /therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
目的 探讨反义ATM多核苷酸（AS-Lipo）作用于裸鼠移植瘤对喉鳞状细胞癌(Hep-2)放射治疗敏感性的影响。 方法 用克隆生存率来检测喉鳞状细胞癌放射治疗后的生存能力；用流式细胞仪来分析喉癌细胞的凋亡情况；用Tunel染色法检测各组瘤体中细胞凋亡情况。 结果 在同等剂量的放射治疗下，AS-Lipo组的生存分数最低。接受4 Gy放射治疗后，行流式细胞仪检测，结果发现AS-Lipo组的凋亡率为（30.7 ± 1.31）%，远高于转染Sen-Lipo、Mis-Lipo、Lipo组。ATM AS-Lipo+放疗组的细胞凋亡数显著高于单独放射治疗组；ATM AS-Lipo+放射治疗组裸鼠瘤体内的凋亡指数为（17.12 ± 4.2）%，与其他组比较差异有统计学意义。 结论 反义ATM多核苷酸增强了裸鼠喉鳞状细胞癌对放射治疗的敏感性。
Great progress has been made in immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in recent years. However, for thoracic surgeons, immunotherapy is still a new thing and they lack enough experience. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss some hot issues of immunotherapy, including the indications, side effects, clinical efficacy and evaluation of efficacy. The author hopes that this article will help and attract the attention of thoracic surgeons.
Objective To analyze the efficacy of and recurrence mode after adjuvant radiotherapy for lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) patients after radical operation with anastomosis above aortic arch. Methods Sixty-three patients with lower TESCC who received adjuvant radiotherapy after R0 radical operation with anastomosis above aortic arch between February 2011 and February 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical tumor volume (CTV) included anastomotic stoma, and lymph node drainage area in mediastinum and upper abdomen. The survival status, recurrence and metastasis of tumors, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 98.3%, 83.3%, and 63.7%, respectively. The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 33 months [95% confidence interval (23.2, 42.8) months], and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year DFS rates were 76.3%, 58.5%, and 41.7%, respectively. Patients with N0-1 had longer DFS than those with N2-3 (median: not reached vs. 15 months, P=0.045). The recurrence rate of anastomotic site was 7.9%. The recurrence rates of lymph nodes in supraclavicular region, upper middle mediastinum, and upper abdomen were 4.8%, 15.9%, and 1.6%, respectively. The distant metastasis rate was 17.5%. The incidence of grade 2-3 radiation pneumonitis, grade 3 anastomotic stenosis, and grade 3 tracheal fistula were 4.8%, 3.2%, and 1.6%, respectively. Conclusions N2-3 is a poor prognostic factor for such patients. Regional lymph node recurrence is mainly revealed in the middle and upper mediastinum. Whether the CTV should include anastomotic stoma and lymph node drainage area in lower mediastinum and upper abdomen is questionable.
Objective To investigate the risk factors for lymph node metastasis in cT1N0M0 stage squamous cell lung cancer and develop a logistic regression model to predict lymph node metastasis. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with cT1N0M0 stage lung squamous cell carcinoma in our department from August 2017 to October 2022. The correlation between basic clinical data, imaging data, and pathological data and lymph node metastasis was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed for risk factor analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were utilized to evaluate the model’s discrimination and calibration. The Bootstrap method with 1 000 resamples was employed for internal validation of the model. Results Tumor location of central-type, tumor differentiation, cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) levels, and tumor size were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in cT1N0M0 stage squamous cell lung cancer. The optimal cutoff values for tumor size and CYFRA21-1 levels were determined to be 2.05 cm and 4.20 ng/mL, respectively. The combination of tumor location, CYFRA21-1 levels, and tumor size demonstrates superior predictive capability compared to any individual factor. Conclusion Tumor location of central-type, poorly differentiated tumors, CYFRA21-1 levels, and tumor size are risk factors for lymph node metastasis in cT1N0M0 stage lung squamous cell carcinoma. The combined predictive model has certain guiding significance for intraoperative lymph node resection strategies in cT1N0M0 stage lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Objective To observe the growth of orthotopic transplanted tumor in nude mice after stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) expression decreased, and to further study the role of SLP-2 in the development and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Using RNA interference technique, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with specific expression of SLP-2 and stable expression of luciferase were established. The healthy female nude mice with weight ranging from 19 to 22 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12), 6 mice were used to establish subcutaneous xenografts, and the other 6 mice were used to establish the orthotopic transplanted tumor model (Group 1: cell infected with SLP-2-1 plasmid; group 2: cell infected with SLP-2-2 plasmid; group 3: cell infected with SHGFP plasmid). Index of the experiment end was weight loss and poor general situation in any mouse. Before the nude mice were sacrificed, the luciferase value of the tumor was detected by using in vivo imaging technique. After the nude mice were sacrificed, the primary tumor was removed for pathology examination. Results There was no significant difference in region of interest (ROI) value between the group 1 and group 2 (P=0.943). The ROI value for both groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that in the group 3 (P=0.002, P=0.000). The primary tumor infiltrated into the muscularis propria of esophageal was observed in all groups. Conclusion SLP-2 is involved in the development and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and the decrease of SLP-2 expression can inhibit the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Objectives To evaluate the effect of preoperative body mass index (BMI) on the perioperative and long-term results in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients. Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 503 patients with esophageal cancer between January 2001 and December 2009. There were 268 males and 235 females with the median age of 57 years ranging from 32-88 years. The associations between preoperative BMI and clinic patholo-gical characteristics were assessed by using the χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests. ResultsThe 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year overall survival rate for the entire cohort of patients was 64.0%, 49.0%, 43.0%, and 41.0% respectively. The occurance rates of weight loss, lymph node metastases, and poorly differentiated tumorigenesis represented statistically higher in patients with BMI≤18.5 kg/m2 than those in the patients with BMI>18.5 kg/m2 (P=0.026, P=0.006, P=0.048). For the cohort, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant trend toward a decreased survival in esophageal cancer patients with underweight (P=0.001). No statistical difference in overall complication, anastomotic leakage, and pulmonary complication rate was detected among the different BMI classes(P=0.162, P=0.590, P=0.376). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the drinking status, pathological stage, and underweight were the independent prognostic factors. ConclusionsAfter esophagectomy, BMI is not associated with the incidence of postoperative complications in patients. Patients with underweight are usually diagnosed with advanced stage, therefore tend to have poorer survivals than those with normal or over-weight.
Increasing evidence suggests that many types of cancers contain a population of cells that display stem cell properties. These cells are called cancer stem cells （CSCs），which are closely related to tumor initiation，growth，metastasis and chemoresistance. CSCs are also found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）. These cells are characterized by potential of self-renewal and differentiation，tumor formation in nude mice and chemotherapy resistance，and thus may play an important role in targeted cancer therapies. Current methods for culturing and sorting CSCs in ESCC mainly include fluorescence activated cell sorting （FACS），magnetic activated cell sorting （MACS），suspension culture，and side population （SP） cell sorting. In this review，we focus on current research methods for CSCs in ESCC，their biological characteristics and areas for improvement. We believe that a combination of multiple cell-surface makers is needed for research of CSCs in ESCC.
ObjectiveTo understand the biological behavior of primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid (PSCCT), and provide references for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodThe latest domestic and foreign reports of PSCCT were collected and analyzed.ResultsIn the diagnosis of PSCCT, the possibility of metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma to thyroid should be excluded. It often presented with hoarseness, local obstruction, and the median survival time was about 12 months. The treatment mainly relies on complete surgical resection.ConclusionPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid is a rare disease with rapid disease progression, poor overall prognosis and limited therapeutic options.