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find Keyword "麻疹" 16 results
  • Clinical Analysis of 196 Cases of Adult Measles

    目的:探讨成人麻疹的流行病学与临床特征。方法:回顾性分析196例成人麻疹的临床资料。结果:患者以外来流动人员及本地农村人口多见,平均年龄26.78岁,多数患者未接种麻疹疫苗或麻疹疫苗史不详。成人麻疹患者临床症状重,皮疹典型,为充血性斑丘疹,麻疹黏膜斑(Koplik’s spots)明显,且持续时间长,可合并肝脏和心肌损伤,但并发症以肺炎和支气管炎为主。结论:有必要加强成人的免疫接种,尤其是外来的务工人员,强化医务人员对麻疹的认识,避免麻疹的流行。

    Release date:2016-09-08 10:01 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 一起医务人员院内麻疹聚集性疫情的流行病学调查

    目的 对一起医务人员院内感染麻疹疫情的流行病学特征进行分析,为制定麻疹控制措施提供依据。 方法 对 2015 年 5 月发生在某医院医务人员中的一起麻疹疫情的资料进行流行病学分析。 结果 2015 年 5 月 20 日—25 日相继有 6 名医务人员发生院内麻疹感染,且均与同一麻疹确诊病例有直接接触史。 结论 应及时辨别和隔离麻疹病例和麻疹疑似病例,做好消毒防护工作,及时接种麻疹疫苗,以避免麻疹疫情的发生。

    Release date:2017-10-27 11:09 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 西替利嗪滴剂治疗慢性荨麻疹近期疗效观察

    【摘要】 目的 观察西替利嗪滴剂治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效。 方法 选择2011年4月-2011年8月间80例慢性荨麻疹患者为研究对象,试验组40例给予西替利嗪滴剂1次/d,10 mg/次;对照组40例给予氯雷他定1次/d,10 mg/d,均连续服用28 d。分别于用药后第7、28天随访,观察疗效和不良反应。 结果 试验组治疗7、28 d有效率分别为72.5%、87.5%,对照组有效率分别为67.5%、85.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.060,0.081;Pgt;0.05)。 结论 口服西替利嗪滴剂或氯雷他定10 mg/d治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效相似,但滴剂剂量调整更准确,在慢性荨麻疹缓解期的维持减量阶段应用更方便。

    Release date:2016-08-26 02:18 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Analysis on Measles Epidemic Characteristic and Control Efficacy in Jinan in 2009

    Objective To analyze the measles epidemic characteristic, so as to provide scientific evidence for the strategy of controlling and eliminating measles. Methods The data of measles cases was collected from the national epidemiological investigation and surveillance report system, and the measles epidemiological characteristic as well as the efficacy of measles control strategy were analyzed through descriptive studies. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 309 in 2009, the incidence rate was 5.1 per 100 000 population and declined by 71.26% compared with the year of 2008. Seasonal peak in 2009 appeared from January to April. The infants less than eight months old as well as the patients more than 15 years old were the main suffering population, which accounted for 33.98% (105/309) and 49.51% (153/309) of the total, respectively. The patients having no or having unclear measles vaccination history accounted for 93.2% (288/309). The cases of floating population accounted for 9.71% (30/309). Conclusion It has been demonstrated that vaccine immunization activities are important measures to eliminate measles. To achieve the goal of measles elimination, not only does the children routine immunization have to be performed, but also the strengthened immunization has to be carried out for the key crowd in key areas.

    Release date:2016-09-07 11:03 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Health technology assessment of four non-sedating antihistamines for allergic diseases

    Objective This review compared clinical effectiveness, cardiac safety and economics of astemizole, loratadine, cetirizine and terfenadine to provide evidence for adjustment of Essential Drug List in China. Search strategy We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase and Chinese Biomedical Database. Fourteen databases for drug safety and pharmaceutical economics were additionally searched. Selection Criteria Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, published in English and Chinese and comparing two or more of these four antihistamines for allergic rhinitis and urticaria were included for study of effectiveness. Non-randomized clinical trials were additionally included for economic evaluation. Cardiac safety studies of antihistamines for allergic diseases of any type were included. Quality Appraisal Jadad scale was primarily applied to randomized controlled trials. Allocation concealment and intention-to-treat analysis were also appraised. The QUOROM statement was applied to systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Data extraction and analyses For the study of effectiveness, composite data were primarily extracted and analyzed by fixed effect model. Sensitivity analysis was done to explore the heterogeneity. For the study of cardiac safety, cases of adverse drug reactions and death were summarized. Difference of occurrence rate in sex and age were analyzed if possible.Electrocardiography and clinical symptoms were summarized. Results No studies on economic evaluation were identified. 27 and 6 randomized controlled trials, including 3 227 participants, for allergic rhinitis and urticaria were identified. Cetirizine was superior to loratadine (n=709) in symptom score and onset of action, superior to terfenadine (n=645) in Quality of Life and superior to astemizole (n=498) in patient satisfaction and onset of action. 73 h-ADR cases were identified in astemizole, 27 cases in terfenadine, 1 case in loratadine and none in cetirizine. No deaths were identified. Combination of terfenadine plus grapefruit juice (n=l8), itraconazole (n=6), nefazodone (n=67), and loratadine administration concomitant with cemitidine (n=30) significantly prolonged QTc interval. Conclusions Cetirizine was superior to other three antihistamines in terms of clinical effectiveness and drug safety. Astemizole and terfenadine could cause significantly more cardiac-related adverse reactions than cetirizine and loratadine.

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:29 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Effects of Mass Immunization Campaign on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles

    Objective To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.

    Release date:2016-09-07 11:23 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Chinese Angelica Decoction for Chronic Urticaria: A Systematic Review

    Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese angelica decoction (CAD) versus conventional treatment (CT) for chronic urticaria (CU). Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, SCI, EMbase, VIP, CNKI and CBM to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CAD treating CU from inception to July 2011. Two reviewers independently screened articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0.2. Results A total of 11 RCTs involving 1081 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with the CT group (antihistamine therapy), CAD seemed higher in the cure rate (OR=2.36, 95%CI 1.80 to 3.10, I2=22%, Plt;0.000 01), improvement rate (OR=4.56, 95%CI 2.65 to 7.87, I2=0%, Plt;0.000 01), and lower in the relapse rate at the third month after the treatment (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.82, I2=0%, P=0.01). No study reported the quality of life and severe adverse reactions after CAD treatment. Conclusion Current evidence shows CAD may be superior to CT in treating CU patients. However, due to lack of enough high-quality studies, CAD has to be further studied by conducting more strictly-designed, multicenter, large-scale and double-blind RCTs.

    Release date:2016-09-07 10:58 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 特应性皮炎与慢性荨麻疹患者血清白细胞介素-4的检测

    目的 了解特应性皮炎与慢性荨麻疹患者外周血白细胞介素-4的水平。 方法 采用双夹心酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELASA)对2010年5月-2012年6月皮肤科门诊及变态反应门诊收治的31例特应性皮炎患者与30例IgE介导慢性荨麻疹患者进行血清白细胞介素-4检测。 结果 特应性皮炎与慢性荨麻疹患者血清白细胞介素-4明显高于正常人对照组(P<0.001)。 结论 特应性皮炎与慢性荨麻疹患者存在循环白细胞介素-4水平明显异常。

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:37 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 496例慢性荨麻疹患者变应原皮肤点刺试验结果分析

    目的分析慢性荨麻疹患者常见变应原分布情况。 方法对2012年6月-2013年3月收治的496例慢性荨麻疹患者进行皮肤点刺试验。将患者分为≥16岁组和<16岁组,分别观察两组患者皮肤点刺试验后各变应原阳性率。 结果496例患者中共442例(89.11%)检出阳性结果。屋尘螨与粉尘螨变应原阳性率明显高于其他变应原(P<0.05);海虾和大豆变应原阳性率在≥16岁组和<16岁组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.191、4.748,P<0.05),其余变应原阳性率不同年龄组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);91.40%的患者存在≥4种变应原阳性反应,93.21%的患者同时存在吸入性和食入性变应原阳性反应。 结论尘螨是慢性荨麻疹患者最主要的变应原。

    Release date:2016-12-27 11:09 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 西昌市1987年-1997年麻疹流行病学调查

    【摘要】 目的 通过对西昌市麻疹发病流行病学调查,探讨控制与消除麻疹的对策。 方法 对1987年1月-1997年10月间发生的麻疹病例进行年龄、职业、时间、地区、疫苗接种等因素分析及麻疹抗体水平检测。 结果 10年间共发生麻疹病例710例,平均年发病率为13.92/10万;最高为1993年173例(34.61/10万),最低为1992年10例(1.96/10万),无死亡病例。全年均可发病,以冬春季较多;主要集中在农村;以散居儿童为主(28.31%),其次为小学生(26.48%)。其中男406例(57.18%),女304人(42.82%),710例中最小年龄6个月,最大年龄40岁。 结论 麻疹发病年龄组提前和后移,提示除搞好计划免疫外,还应加强麻疹疫苗大年龄组复种和扩大疫苗履盖面。

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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