Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, and approximately 30% patients with depression do not respond effectively to standard antidepressant medication; this condition is termed treatment resistant depression (TRD) and its neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. Neuroimaging techniques can non-invasively explore changes in brain structure, function and metabolism. These techniques have been applied in neurobiological research of TRD and revealed critical abnormalities in brain structure, function and metabolism in fronto-limbic system. In this paper, we reviewed the latest progress in neuroimaging researches on TRD, providing new insight and imaging evidence for further neurobiological studies of TRD.
目的:探讨嗅沟脑膜瘤的影像学表现与病理组织学之间的相关关系及其鉴别诊断。方法:对11例经手术及病理证实为嗅沟脑膜瘤的患者进行回顾性分析。男5例,女6例,年龄29～59岁,平均48岁。行CT检查3例,MRI检查8例,均为增强扫描。分析CT、MRI影像特征,并与手术、病理结果对照。结果:瘤灶起源于颅前窝嗅沟,多数密度或信号均匀,边界清楚,均匀增强;少数不均匀增强,大部分病例出现脑膜尾征,少数伴钙化、坏死、囊变。邻近颅骨受累时引起骨质增生或受侵。结论:起源于嗅沟的脑膜瘤均具有典型的影像学表现特征。嗅沟骨质及其脑膜影像改变的显示,对瘤灶起源具有重要的定位、定性诊断价值。MRI优于CT,但CT对钙化和骨质改变显示优于MRI。
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder causing great distress to individuals, families and even society, and there is not yet effective way of unified prevention and treatment up till now. Lots of neuroimaging techniques, however, such as the magnetic resonance imaging, are widely used to the study of the pathogenesis of PTSD with the development of medical imaging. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be applied to detect the abnormalities not only of the brain morphology but also of the function of various cerebral areas and neural circuit, and plays an important role in studying the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases. In this paper, we mainly review the task-related and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of the PTSD, and finally suggest possible directions for future research.
Amblyopia is a visual development deficit caused by abnormal visual experience in early life, mainly manifesting as defected visual acuity and binocular visual impairment, which is considered to reflect abnormal development of the brain rather than organic lesions of the eye. Previous studies have reported abnormal spontaneous brain activity in patients with amblyopia. However, the location of abnormal spontaneous activity in patients with amblyopia and the association between abnormal brain function activity and clinical deficits remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to analyze spontaneous brain functional activity abnormalities in patients with amblyopia and their associations with clinical defects using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In this study, 31 patients with amblyopia and 31 healthy controls were enrolled for resting-state fMRI scanning. The results showed that spontaneous activity in the right angular gyrus, left posterior cerebellum, and left cingulate gyrus were significantly lower in patients with amblyopia than in controls, and spontaneous activity in the right middle temporal gyrus was significantly higher in patients with amblyopia. In addition, the spontaneous activity of the left cerebellum in patients with amblyopia was negatively associated with the best-corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye, and the spontaneous activity of the right middle temporal gyrus was positively associated with the stereoacuity. This study found that adult patients with amblyopia showed abnormal spontaneous activity in the angular gyrus, cerebellum, middle temporal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus. Furthermore, the functional abnormalities in the cerebellum and middle temporal gyrus may be associated with visual acuity defects and stereopsis deficiency in patients with amblyopia. These findings help explain the neural mechanism of amblyopia, thus promoting the improvement of the treatment strategy for amblyopia.
Based on the scientific research management experience for many years and the characteristics and advantages of the hospital, West China Hospital of Sichuan University develops an innovative scientific research management model relying on deepening the top-level design of scientific research management, strengthening the information management means, establishing the assessment and evaluation system of full-time scientific research personnel, and creating the benchmark of scientific research technician training industry. The “West China Model” of innovative scientific research management has achieved remarkable results. The comprehensive strength of scientific research has been strong, the management strength of scientific research has been greatly improved, and the scientific and technological research on the epidemic situation has been accurately deployed. The “West China Model” of innovative scientific research management not only provides a working path for research hospitals, but also lays a theoretical foundation for the exploration and establishment of the “scientific research management-scientific research team-scientific research project” trinity innovative hospital scientific research management system, which plays a positive role in effectively stimulating the vitality of scientific research and improving the core medical technology.
Since January 2020, due to the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, all universities in China have postponed their studies or even suspend their studies. In response to the teaching policy of “suspending class, but keeping teaching and learning” , college teachers have rapidly changed into online teaching mode. However, how to ensure the quality and effect of online teaching still needs further exploration. Through analyzing the course characteristics of medical imaging diagnostics and students’ learning situations, this study discusses how to design detailed online teaching projects and improve the teaching quality and how to select online software suitable for the course. A questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the effect of online teaching during the spring course in 2020, selecting a total of 297 clinical and other undergraduate students of grade 2017 from West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University. The results showed that the detailed online teaching programs including “video learning” “distance teaching” “periodic examination” “weakness tutorial” were helpful to the learning process agreed by the majority of students. During the epidemic period, online teaching method can help students master the content of medical imaging diagnosis. In the era of Internet, the “online+offline” teaching mode is expected to be popularized in the future.