Due to the high dimensionality and complexity of the data, the analysis of spatial transcriptome data has been a challenging problem. Meanwhile, cluster analysis is the core issue of the analysis of spatial transcriptome data. In this article, a deep learning approach is proposed based on graph attention networks for clustering analysis of spatial transcriptome data. Our method first enhances the spatial transcriptome data, then uses graph attention networks to extract features from nodes, and finally uses the Leiden algorithm for clustering analysis. Compared with the traditional non-spatial and spatial clustering methods, our method has better performance in data analysis through the clustering evaluation index. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively cluster spatial transcriptome data and identify different spatial domains, which provides a new tool for studying spatial transcriptome data.
ObjectiveTo analyze the current situation and international research focuses on the study of medical device risk management. MethodsTo retrieve medical device risk management literature information cited from 2002 to 2011 in PubMed such as high-frequency MeSH; analyze current situation and research focuses of medical device risk management by using bibliometrics, bibliographic item co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB), and graphical clustering toolkit (gCluto) for quantitative analysis, high-frequency MeSH term papers cluster visualization analysis. ResultsA total of 7 073 published studies were retrieved, basically suggesting a gradually increasing trend of the number of published papers. The top 3 numbers of first authors' papers referred to three countries: the United States, Britain and Germany, while China ranked twelfth. The top 3 numbers of journal articles referred to the United States, Britain and Holland, while China ranked twenty-second. Twenty journals published more than 50 papers, and all these journals were clinical journals. Thirty-three authors published no less than 5 papers, with the maximum of 18 articles. Totally, there were 124 highfrequency MeSHs. The high-frequency MeSHs were classified into 6 categories by using double cluster analysis: kinds 0 to 4 included risk report, risk analysis, risk assessment and methodology of heart valve prosthesis, coronary stents, peripheral vascular stents, implantable defibrillators and other life support device, surgical repair surgical flaps and minimal invasion surgical device such as laparoscopy; kind 5 focused on safety management, risk control, organization and implementation and other related research based on prevention and control of medical device adverse reaction, medical errors, occupation exposure, and equipment failure. ConclusionThe analysis on international literature on medical device risk management basically shows a gradually increasing trend; most studies published in the clinical medicine journals; research focus on risk assessment, safety management and quality improvement in the application such as angioplasty, artificial prosthesis replacement, plastic surgery, minimally invasive surgery and critical care medicine, and radiology diagnosis and treatment; implantable, life-supported invasive and radiological devices as the main research subject; and characteristics include closely combination between medical device risk management and the application of safe and effective, quality improvement systems for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the cluster intervention in new nurses in the Department of Neurosurgery in occupation training, so as to provide reference for the clinical training of new nurses. MethodsEight nurses who entered the Department of Neurosurgery in January 2013 were set as control group and the 8 new nurses entering in January 2014 as the observation group. The control group was adopted the traditional training methods, while the observation group underwent used extra cluster intervention. The differences in the results of theory, technology, operation and the 360-degree evaluation between the two groups were analyzed at the end of year. ResultsIn the observation group, the median theory examination score was 91.50, median operation assessment grades was 95.00, which were higher than those in the control group (82.00 and 83.00). The average scores of 360-degree evaluation in the observation group were higher than those in the control group with a significant difference (P < 0.01). ConclusionsIntensive intervention should be used for new nurses' training. It helps to improve the training effect and new nurses' ability.
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of cluster therapy combined with anisodamine, dexamethasone and ambroxol on arterial blood gas, inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary pathological changes by making an early (<48 h) primary blast lung injury model in rats. MethodsEighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, ie. a control group (n=5), an injury group (n=15), an ambroxol treatment group (n=15), a dexamethasone treatment group, a scopolamine treatment group (n=15), a combination of ambroxol, dexamethasone and anisodamine group (n=15). The treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with ambroxol 46.7 mg/kg (three times a day) or (and) dexamethasone at 5 mg·kg–1·d–1 or (and) anisodamine at a dose of 3.33 mg/kg (three times a day). The rats in the injury group were injected intraperitoneally with an equal volume of normal saline. Respiratory rate and weight change were observed before and after injury. Five rats were sacrificed at 6 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after injury in each experimental group. Arterial blood gas analysis, Yelverton pathological score, lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. The lung histopathology was observed. ResultsAfter lung blast injury, the rats in the injury group showed progressive respiratory acidosis, and hypoxemia increased with the increase of IL-6 and TNF-α in a time-dependent manner. The PaO2 decreased in the groups with ambroxol, dexamethasone and anisodamine alone or in combination with anisodamine, and the contents of serum IL-6 and TNF-α decreased. Pathological edema and inflammatory infiltration of lung tissue were alleviated significantly. ConclusionsAfter treatment with dexamethasone, anisodamine and ambroxol after lung blast injury, blood gas analysis is improved, inflammatory factor level is decreased and lung injury is alleviated, indicating that the three drugs can treat lung detonation injury in rats. The cluster therapy is superior to the single drug therapy.
Objective To analyze and reveal the domestic and abroad studies on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by bibliometric. Methods Foreign articles were searched from American Institute of Scientific Information online database of web of science (WOS) database, Chinese articles were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. The age distribution, national and regional, funding agency and citation of the PCV literatures published before December 31 2012 were analyzed by software Bibexcel and SPSS 17.0. Results Totally 696 literatures were analyzed, including 440 foreign literatures and 256 Chinese literatures. The numbers of foreign literatures were gradually increased since 2000, significantly after 2007, reached the maximum at 2011. The literatures were mainly in English, the number of the literatures of China ranked 4th of all countries. The National Natural Science Foundation of China ranked No.5 of funding agency. Citations gradually increased since 2000, increased significantly after 2008; there were 30 highfrequency subjects, and hot topics were clustered into 5 categories: treatment of PCV, genetics studies of PCV, detection, diagnosis and epidemiology of PCV, relationships between PCV and macular degeneration, related cytokine of PCV. Chinese literatures increased since 2000, significantly after 2006, and reached the maximum at 2010; there were 15 literatures supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China; Citation of Chinese literatures gradually increased since 2001, and reached the maximum at 2012. There were 30 highfrequency subjects, and hot topics were clustered into 5 categories: genetics and cytokine studies of PCV, detection and diagnosis of PCV, treatment of PCV, PCV and macular diseases, PCV and vitreous hemorrhage. Conclusions Literatures of PCV were gradually increased since 2000, abroad and domestic literatures of PCV reached maximum at 2011 and 2010 respectively. The abroad research of PCV focuses on 5 categories: treatment of PCV, genetics studies of PCV, detection, diagnosis and epidemiology of PCV, relationships between PCV and macular degeneration, related cytokine of PCV. The domestic research focuses on genetics and cytokine studies of PCV, detection and diagnosis of PCV, treatment of PCV, PCV and macular diseases, PCV and vitreous hemorrhage.
ObjectiveTo explore the current status and tendency of the application of CT or MRI in the pancreatic pseudocyst using bibiometric analysis for relative documents, and provide reference information for the future research of radiology. MethodsBibliographies from research literatures of CT or MRI application in the pancreatic pseudocyst from January 1, 2003 to September 20, 2014 in PubMed database were downloaded.The publication years, journals, the first authors, and the frequency of subject headings and subheadings were extracted from them by Bicomb 2.0 software.The subject headings and subheadings appeared more than five times were intercepted as high frequency ones, then created the high frequency subject headings and subheadings co-occurrence matrix.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was applied for clustering analysis with this matrix, then got the major hotspots. ResultsA total of 342 literatures were screened out.The research of CT or MRI application in the pancreatic pseudocyst increased slowly year by year in recent 10 years, then slowly decreased after 2008 year.The related literatures were published in the 164 journals, in which 16 journals (115 literatures were published) were core area distribution according to the Bradford law.There were 10 authors at least 2 published literatures, in who Bhasin DK in USA published 7 literatures, was the most active researcher in this field.The number of high frequency subject headings and subheadings was 33 and among which 5 research hotspots were clustered. ConclusionResearch hotspots about CT or MRI application in pancreatic pseudocyst mainly focuses on five aspects below:pathology, diagnosis, therapy, complications, and etiology.
Objective To learn the distribution pattern and worldwide research tendency of vitrectomy literatures. Methods Articles were searched from American Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) online database of web of science (WOS) database as a data source, to analyze the age distribution, national and regional, funding agency and citation of the vitrectomy literatures included during the year of 1971 -2011. The analysis software BibExcel and SPSS 19.0 were used to cluster highfrequency of them. Results Totally 8540 literatures were included, the numbers of them were gradually increased since 1971, significantly after 1991. The literatures were mainly in English, the literatures of our country capacity ranked 6th; funded institutions in all article, the National Natural Science Foundation of China ranked No. 5. Citation gradually increased since 1991, increased significantly after 2004. There were 50 highfrequency subjects, and hot topics were clustered into 6 categories which including vitrectomy for diseases of macula lutea, new techniques and complication of vitrectomy, medical treatment and surgical therapy of diabetic retinopathy, cataract, vitrectomy for endophthalmitis caused by intraocular injection and eye injury. Conclusions There is a growing trend on the research of vitrectomy. The hot topics include vitrectomy for diseases of macula lutea, new techniques and complication of vitrectomy. It may provide references for the scholars in scientific research and clinical studies.
Objective To investigate the phenotyping of COPD by cluster analysis and evaluate the value of this method.Methods 168 COPD patients were enrolled from Beijing Tongren Hospital. Demographic and clinical data, such as, sex, age, body mass index ( BMI) , smoking index, course of disease,exacerbation rate, and comorbidities were collected. Pulmonary function test, emphysema scoring by HRCT,dyspnea by MMRC score, COPD assessment test ( CAT) score, six-minute walk test were performed for each patient during the stable stage. Cluster analysis was conducted using SPSS 13. 0. Results According to the GOLD criteria,5, 75, 75, and 13 patients were classified into GOLD stage 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There was no difference among different stages in sex distribution, BMI, smoking index, hypertension, and cerebral infarction incidence( P gt; 0. 05) , but the differences in age, disease course, dyspnea score, six-minute walk distance, BODE score, CAT score, coronary heart disease, exacerbation rate, and HRCT emphysema visual score were significant( P lt;0. 05) . By cluster analysis,168 patients were finally classified into three groups:younger/mild, older/ severe, and older/moderate. The patients with the same GOLD stage appeared indifferent clusters and the patients belonging to different GOLD stages could be in the same cluster. There were significant differences among three groups in age, BMI, exacerbation rate, dyspnea score, CAT score, and comorbidities. The result showed that HRCT emphysema visual score was also an important index todifferentiate clusters, suggesting that emphysema was an important phenotype of COPD. Conclusions Cluster analysis can classify homogeneous subjects into the same cluster, and heterogeneous subjects into different clusters. The results suggest that COPD phenotyping by cluster analysis is clinically useful and significant.
When a clustered coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic occurs, how to prevent and control hospital infection is a challenge faced by each medical institution. Under the normalization situation, building an effective prevention and control system is the premise and foundation for medical institutions to effectively prevent and control infection when dealing with clustered epidemics. According to the principles of control theory, medical institutions should quickly switch to an emergency state, and effectively deal with the external and internal infection risks brought by clustered epidemics by strengthening source control measures, engineering control measures, management control measures and personal protection measures. This article summarizes the experience of handling clustered outbreaks in medical institutions in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, and aims to provide a reference for medical institutions to take effective prevention and control measures when dealing with clustered outbreaks.
The risk of bias assessment tool 2.0 (RoB 2.0) for analyzing cluster randomized trials and crossover trials (revised version 2021) has been updated. The current paper briefly delineates the history of the RoB 2.0 tool and includes an explanation and interpretation of the updated contents and software operation process for use with cluster randomized trials and crossover trials. Compared with the previous versions, the updated RoB 2.0 tool (revised version 2021) has the advantage of precise language and is easily understood. Thus, the updated RoB 2.0 tool merits popularization and further general application.