Objective To systematically review the effect of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on cognitive function in people with cognitive impairment and non-cognitive disorders. MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effect of VitD supplementation on cognitive function of patients with cognitive impairment or non-cognitive disorders from inception to March, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 19 articles including 8 684 cases were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score (MD=1.70, 95%CI 1.20 to 2.21, P<0.01), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score (MD=1.51, 95%CI 1.00 to 2.02, P<0.01), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-RC) score (MD=9.12, 95%CI 7.77 to 10.47, P<0.01) and working memory (SMD=1.87, 95%CI 1.07 to 2.67, P<0.01) in the VitD group of patients with cognitive impairment were all better than those in the control group. However, the overall cognitive function and working memory of the non-cognitive impairment population were not significantly different compared with the control group. In terms of language fluency and language memory, there was no significant difference between the VitD group and the control group. In terms of the executive functions, at the intervention time of> 6 months, the VitD and control groups were statistically significant (SMD=0.15, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.28, P=0.03). Conclusion Current evidence suggests that VitD supplementation can effectively improve the overall cognitive function and working memory of patients with cognitive impairment, and has a positive effect on executive function at an intervention time of >6 months. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the current status of cognitive impairment of the elderly in China.MethodsCNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang Data, PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the current status of cognitive impairment of the elderly in China from January 1st, 2000 to March 12th, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 14.1 software.ResultsA total of 126 studies involving 187 115 elderly were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the cognitive impairment rate of the elderly in China was 22.0% (95%CI 20.4% to 23.6%). Subgroup analysis showed that the cognitive impairment rate was higher in females, seniors, low education level, residing in rural area, engaging in manual labor, no spouse, living alone, monthly income less than 1 000 yuan, and suffering from chronic diseases.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that the cognitive impairment rate of the elderly in China is 22%, which is relatively high in females, seniors, low education level, residing in rural area, engaging in manual labor, no spouse, living alone, low-income, and suffering from chronic diseases.
Epilepsy is defined as a disorder of brain neural function, characterized by the persistent possibility of seizures, which are usually sudden, brief, and recurrent. Cognition is a process of receiving information from the external world and analyzing and processing it, such as memory, language, visual-spatial, executive, calculation, comprehension, and judgement. With the increasing awareness of health, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and epilepsy. Data shows that over 80% of epilepsy patients have lower cognitive abilities than healthy people, and over 50% of patients have significant cognitive problems, which have a negative impact on their quality of life even greater than the seizures themselves. Cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients not only hinders their own treatment progress, but also has a negative impact on their daily life, academic and job performance, which brings huge care and economic pressure to their families and a heavy economic burden to the whole society. This review aimed to assess cognitive modules and provide key information for early diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are potential activities extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) that are associated with specific stimuli. They possess the advantages of objectivity, ease of operation, and real-time reflection of cognitive processing in the brain. ERPs have been extensively utilized in studying pathophysiological mechanisms related to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), stroke, schizophrenia, and other conditions. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder wherein ERPs can be employed to explore the neuroelectrophysiological causes underlying cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression in patients with epilepsy while providing an objective assessment. This article reviews the application of ERPs in patients with epilepsy.
Based on literatures on Meta-analysis and randomized controlled trial, drug use and some geriatrics syndromes such as cognitive impairment and depression, in elderly diabetic patients were reviewed. Insulin plus oral hypoglycemic drugs was more rational therapy for insulin resistance and islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We should pay more attention to cognitive impairment and depression in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.
ObjectiveTo explore the quality of life (QOL) of rural cognitive function impaired elderly in Guangyuan city and analysis the influencing factors, in order to provide evidence for improving the QOL of rural cognitive function impaired elderly. MethodsBy stratified cluster sampling method, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was adopted in the cognitive function impaired screening in Guangyuan rural area of Sichuan province in 2012, then we used SF-12 questionnaire to evaluate the QOL of those rural elderly (more than 60 years old) whose cognitive function was impaired. ResultsA total of 270 rural cognitive function impaired elderly were selected from 735 old people. The results of QOL assessment showed that:the mean of physical component summary (PCS) was 37.93±11.55, and the mean of mental component summary (MCS) was 44.07±13.14. Gender, age, education levels, economic situation of the selfassessment, chronic disease, being engaging in physical labour and daily life care were correlated with the score of QOL. ConclusionIn order to improve their QOL, we should help the elderly with cognitive function impaired and focus on prevention and individual treatment; their special difficulties should be fully considered when making the policy of health care and social security.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with sarcopenia. MethodsThe PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect studies related to the objectives from inception to December 10, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using Stata 14.0 software. ResultsA total of 27 studies were included. The overall prevalence rate of cognitive impairment in sarcopenia was 36.1% (95%CI 29.4% to 42.8%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence in Europe was higher than that in other areas. The prevalence of nursing home residents was highest. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with sarcopenia is high. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo analyze the related factors of cognitive impairment in patients with post-traumatic epilepsy. MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2019, 45 patients with post-traumatic epilepsy (epilepsy group) and 48 patients with physical examination (control group) at the Department of Neurosurgery, the 904th Hospital of PLA were analyzed retrospectively. Cognitive assessment were evaluated by the following scales: Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Audio verbal memory test (AVMT), Rey-osterrieth complex figure test (CFT) and Trail making test (TMT). Then we analyzed the influences of gender, age, course of disease, cause, type, degree and location of injury, seizure frequency and Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) on cognitive impairment. ResultsThe results showed that there were significant differences between the epilepsy group and the control group in all scales (P<0.01). Analysis of influencing factors in epilepsy group showed: MoCA and MMSE scores: there were statistical significance in the comparison of seizure frequency and injury degree (P<0.05); AVMT, CFT and TMT scores: there were statistical significance in the comparison of seizure frequency, injury degree and location, ASMs within the group (P<0.05). ConclusionPost-traumatic epilepsy can cause cognitive impairment. The more frequent epileptic seizures and the more severe the degree of trauma, the more serious the cognitive impairment. Different injury sites affect the scope of cognitive impairment, temporal lobe injury is easy to cause memory function decline, frontal lobe injury is easy to cause spatial structure and executive ability decline, at the same time, the combined use of ASMs has an impact on cognitive function.
Objectives This study aims to examine the possible association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and cognitive impairment in patients with post-stroke epilepsy. Methods Patients with post-stroke epilepsy admitted to Western China Hospital from January 2010 to June 2016 were consecutively enrolled in our study. CRP levels were assessed within one week of stroke onset, and then correlated with cognitive status assessed two years after stroke using the Six-Item Screener. Results Among the 96 patients with post-stroke epilepsy who included in our study, 24 patients were found to have cognitive impairment during the two years follow-up period. Our data showed a significant association between CRP levels and cognitive performance in these patients (31.5±36.2 vs. 11.9±19.4, P=0.029). In addition, this association persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders［OR=1.021, 95%CI (0.997, 1.206), P=0.037］. Conclusions Following ischemic stroke, higher CRP levels is associated with subsequent cognitive decline in patients with epilepsy. Association and prospective studies in larger sample size are needed in order to validate our findings, especially studies in which baseline CRP level and CRP level during follow-up are closely monitored.
Patients with autoimmune encephalitis are mainly characterized by behavioral, mental and motor abnormalities, neurological dysfunction, memory deficits and seizures. Different antibody types of autoimmune encephalitis its pathogenesis, clinical characteristics are different, in recent years found immune related epilepsy is closely related to autoimmune encephalitis, based on autoimmune encephalitis type is more, we choose more common autoimmune encephalitis, expounds its characteristics, to help clinical diagnosis.