Osteosarcopenia (OS), which has become a global public health problem, is a geriatric syndrome in which sarcopenia and osteoporosis co-exist, leading to falls, fractures, and even varying degrees of disability in the elderly. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a tool to measure the overall level of dietary inflammation in an individual, and the DII score is closely associated with the development of OS. This article reviews the basic concepts of DII and OS and their interrelationships, focusing on the associations between diet, inflammation, DII and OS, with the aim of providing a reference for dietary interventions in the prevention and control of OS patients.
Objective To study the effect and feasibility of gradual oral diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced liver cirrhotic model in rats under avoirdupois monitoring. Methods Fifty Wistar rats (6 weeks old) were divided into 3 groups: normal control group （n=10）, traditional DENA induction group (receiving traditional oral DENA treatment, n=20）, gradual DENA induction group (receiving gradual oral DENA treatment under avoirdupois monitoring, n=20). The weight, mortality and liver cirrhosis formation were observed. Results After 4 weeks of inducing cirrhosis, the weight of traditional DENA induction group 〔(234.9±27.1) g〕 was significantly lower than that of normal control group 〔(264.8±33.7) g, P＜0.05〕. After 8 weeks of inducing cirrhosis, the weight of traditional DENA induction group 〔(251.5±34.3) g〕 was significantly lower than that of normal control group 〔(303.2±49.4) g， P＜0.01〕 and gradual DENA induction group 〔(277.5±27.6) g， P＜0.05〕. However, the difference between normal control group and gradual DENA induction group was not remarkable (P＞0.05). The mortality in traditional DENA induction group (35%) was significantly higher than that in normal control group (0) and gradual DENA induction group (0)， P＜0.05. But the rate of cirrhosis formation both in traditional DENA induction group and gradual DENA induction group was 100%. Conclusion Oral DENA induced cirrhotic model in rats is a simple, reproducible and reliable technique. Gradual oral technique, in which DENA is given under avoirdupois monitoring, can improve rat’s security and reduce mortality.
Objective The effectiveness of systematic identification, description and evaluation of dietary sugar reduction strategies through the evidence diagram method. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library database were electronically searched to collect systematic reviews/meta-analysis on the effectiveness of dietary sugar reduction strategies from inception to November 10, 2022, AMSTAR-2 was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to design a data extraction table to extract relevant key information. Bubble charts were used to comprehensively present information such as study population, intervention type, number of primary studies included, and outcome measures. Results A total of 11 papers were included, all of which were systematic reviews/meta-analysis. The studies included ten interventions. Among them, the research ending of behavioral changes strategies, healthy diet, sugar tax, material substitution, sugar label, and community intervention showed obvious effectiveness, while social cognitive models, sugar reduction guidelines, health literacy, and knowledge attitude behavior models had not shown a clear and beneficial effect, indicating that the intervention effect on the theoretical basis was very small. Conclusion The current evidence diagram shows that the sugar reduction strategy is effective, but there are also intervention conclusions that the effectiveness of the conclusion is not clear and intervention blank. And based on the theoretical dietary sugar reduction strategy, the validity evidence is relatively scarce. In the future, high quality research will still be required.
ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy and safety of Hou Gu Mi Xi (HGMX) in patients with nonorganic gastrointestinal disorders (NOGD) from the aspect of dietary therapy.MethodsA randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial was performed. Patients with NOGD and spleen qi deficiency (SQD) syndrome were randomly assigned into HGMX or placebo group. Each received 30 g/day HGMX or placebo for one year. The outcomes included SQD scores, body weight, body mass index (BMI), gastrin-17, and adverse events (AEs) between HGMX and placebo groups, or subgroups divided by NOGD type or helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, at the 0th, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 26th, or 52nd weeks’ follow-up.ResultsThe reduction of SQD scale score was found in the HGMX group compared with the placebo group at 4th week (MD=−9.40, 95%CI −18.53 to −0.27, P=0.044), 8th week (MD=−10.07, 95%CI −19.66 to −0.48, P=0.04), 26th week (MD=−12.45, 95%CI −22.31 to −2.59, P=0.014) and 52th week (MD=−17.25, 95%CI −28.53 to −5.97, P=0.003), respectively. In the subgroup analyses, HGMX showed significant efficacy in Hp-negative patients with the detailed reduction of SQD scale score being (MD=−15.20, 95%CI −28.16 to −2.24, P=0.022), (MD=−17.91, 95%CI −31.22 to −4.59, P=0.009) and (MD=−20.38, 95%CI −35.43 to −5.32, P=0.008) at the 8th, 26th and 52nd week, respectively, and in patients with chronic nonatrophic gastritis with the detailed reduction being (MD=−13.02, 95%CI −24.75 to −1.29, P=0.03), (MD=−12.43, 95%CI −24.36 to −0.5, P=0.041) and (MD=−15.90, 95%CI −30.72 to −1.08, P=0.036) at the 2nd, 26th and 52nd week, respectively, and in patients with functional gastrointestinal disease with the reduction being (MD=−18.22, 95%CI −35.75 to −0.69, P=0.042) at the 52nd week. However, no significant efficacy was found in Hp-positive patient at any time. HGMX was not associated with changes in weight, BMI, or gastrin-17. No AEs were reported in the HGMX group.ConclusionsHGMX improves SQD symptoms in patients with NOGD, especially Hp-negative patients, and has a good safety profile.
Objective To overview the systematic review (SR) of the effects of dietary pattern intervention during pregnancy on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The Cochrane Library, The Joanna Briggs Institute Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect SR and meta-analysis on the effects of different dietary patterns on maternal and infant outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus from inception to October 1, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and then AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 15 relevant SR were included, the methodological quality of the included SR was generally low, with 3 SR at a low level and 12 SR at a very low level. Major dietary patterns included the low glycemic index (GI) diet, carbohydrate (CHO) restricted diet, energy restricted diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, high-fiber diet, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich diet, soy protein-enriched diet, low glycemic load (GL) diet, and mediterranean diet. A meta-analysis of primary outcome measures showed that the low GI diet, DASH diet and low GL load diet had a lower incidence of blood glucose levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes (including maternal weight gain, insulin use, cesarean section, macrosomia) compared with the control diets. Conclusion It was recommended that GDM pregnant women follow the low GI diet, DASH diet, or low GL diet to control blood glucose levels and improve pregnancy outcomes. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the effects of other dietary patterns on GDM.
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the diet during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and analyze the effect of GDM on weight gain, outcome and complication of mother and infant. MethodsWe selected 128 GDM pregnant women and 267 non-GDM pregnant women who were investigated by semi-quantitative food frequency method during September 2009 to March 2011. Then, we collected relevant information and the data were analyzed by t-test and chi-square test. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between the two groups in total calorie, carbohydrate, fat and protein intakes per day (P<0.05). In general, the rates of insufficient weight gain and excessive weight gain during pregnancy in the GDM group were significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05), while proper weight gain rate was significantly lower (P<0.01). The risk of hydramnion, intrahepatic cholestasis and pregnancy-induced hypertension in the GDM group was significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in premature delivery, cesarean section or premature membrane ruptures (P>0.05). Apgar scores were significantly different at minute 1 and 5 between the infants in the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of fetal death, malformation, mild neonatal asphyxia and fetal macrosomia in the GDM group was significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05). No significant differences between the two groups in low birth weight infant, cord entanglement and fetal distress were detected (P>0.05). ConclusionGDM can lead to high incidence of poor outcome and complication. It is vital to strengthen the examination and keep balanced dietary structure, in order to reduce the complication and improve the health of mother and child.
Objective?To study the existent dietary hygiene behavior and attitude among college students and to provide references for further education and management. Methods?A self-designed dietary hygiene-related questionnaire based on the KAP (knowledge-attitude-practice) model was conducted in Sichuan University students, with a method of proportionate sampling classified by sex, grade, and major. Results?College students’ hygienic habits were not good enough. It indicated that only 7.8% of the students were concerned about Hygiene License and 30.7% of them held that tableware should be sterilized before using. Besides, only 21% of the students washed hands before meals, 14.9% believed that a health certificate was required for foodservice employees, more than 80% students may buy food on stalls sometimes. Conclusion?A majority of students have requirements for hygienic situations while dining, but they do not know clear specific health standards. A number of students are not used to washing hands before dining. Moreover, lack of hygienic awareness is emphasized when they are facing food with potential safety problems. It is very necessary to strengthen health education and to improve hygienic behaviors in college students.
Objective To investigate the influence of preoperative enteral nutrition with dietary fiber on the nutritional status of patients with colon colostomy diaplasis, and discuss its safety. Methods Forty preoperative colon colostomy diaplasis patients from West China Hospital treated between September 2013 and June 2014 were randomly assigned into trial group and control group with 20 in each. The baseline of the two groups was the same (all P > 0.05). The trial group was given enteral nutrition with dietary fiber before operation for seven days, while control group was given homogenate diet with equal quantity of energy and nitrogen content for the same period of time. All patients were being tested for nutritional indexes on the day of admission and on the fifth day after surgery. Meanwhile, other indexes such as the first time of flatus and defecation, abdominal distension, bellyache, and other adverse reactions were recorded too. Results There was no statistical difference in nutritional indexes on the day of admission and on the fifth day after surgery between two groups (P > 0.05). Patients with dietary fiber had significantly higher incidence of abdominal distension than the control subjects (P < 0.05), but other adverse reactions had no statistical differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No anastomotic leakage occurred in both the two groups. Patients with dietary fiber had significantly earlier time of flatus than the control group (P < 0.05). Patients with dietary fiber had significantly lower incidence of diarrhea than the control subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusions The study suggests that it is safe and feasible to use enteral nutrition with dietary fiber for preoperative colon colostomy diaplasis patients. Using dietary fiber is helpful for intestinal function recovery and reduction of the occurrence of adverse reactions after surgery.
As the eventual end of the cardiovascular disease, heart failure is aggravated or results in cachexia when the patient is under malnutrition or exposes to certain risk factors of diet mode during the long disease duration. Researches reveal that the diet has effects on patho-physiology, energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress of heart failure. This article conducts a literature review on the association between diet and heart failure.
ObjectiveTo review guidelines on diet intervention for hypertension, compare the similarities/differences and the regularity of the guidelines, discuss the prevention and treatment effects of diet intervention for hypertension, promote the understanding of the guide, and to explore the best method of diet intervention for hypertension. MethodsDatabase such as CNKI, EMbase, PubMed, etc., as well as guideline websites were searched from inception to February 28th, 2014, for collecting guidelines on diet intervention in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE Ⅱ) were applied to assess methodological quality of the guidelines. Characteristics of diets recommended by the guidelines were analyzed through comparing the different regions and quality levels of the guidelines. ResultsA total of 27 guidelines on diet intervention for hypertension were included. They were formulated by 5 continents, 9 countries, 2 regions (Taiwan of China and Europe), and 1 international organization (WHO). According to the AGREE Ⅱ instrument, 13 guidelines were graded as Level A (recommendation) and 14 were graded as Level B (recommended after changes), respectively. The domains were more than 60% except for "rigor of development" (57.89±7.71)% and "applicability" (58.39±6.29)%. Each guideline recommended low sodium diet (usually:5 to 6 g/d; Oceania:4 g/d; North America:the amount of sodium intake should be decreased as age increases). The amount of alcohol intake was generally 30 mL/d for men and 20 mL/d for women. All included guidelines recommended to increase the intake of fruits, vegetables, and potassium. ConclusionCurrently, more than half of diet intervention recommendations for hypertension in different countries and regions are still needs to be improved and modified. Diet recommendations differ in regions, gender, and age.