Objective To investigate the feasibility of fetal liver cells for liver tissue engineering, the supporting function of poly L lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold for fetal liver cells and the effects of oncostatin M (OSM), nicotinamide (NA) and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) on growth and hepatic differentiation. Methods After three dimensional PLLA scaffolds having a porous structure were prepared by using NH 4HCO 3 particle, fetal liver cells obtained from E14.5 C57BL/6CrSlc murine embryos were inoculated in the scaffolds. Cells were cultured in Williams’E medium with or without OSM, NA and DMSO for 30 days. Changes in cell number, liver-specific function, and cellular morphology were observed. Results When compared with in monolayer culture, cell number and albumin secretion increased obviously in three-dimensional PLLA. Alburmin secretion increased slightly in OSM group of monolayer culture, but increased obviously in OSM groupo of PLLA culture and in OSM/NA/DMSO group of both monlayer and PLLA cultures. Conclusion The three-dimensional PLLA scaffold is a good supporting material for the cultivation of tetal liver cells. OSM, NA and DMSO remarkaly stimulated maturation of hepatic parenchymal cells in vitro in terms of morphology and liver-specific function.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different methods of fetal spinal cord(FSC) tissue transplanted on reversing the axotomy-induced neurons atrophy of adult rats injured spinal cord. METHODS: One hundred and twenty adult rats received lumbar spinal cord hemisection. Experimental rats were divided into five groups, the control group(Group A); spinal cord hemisection only(Group B); spinal cord hemisection plus FSC transplant (Group C); spinal cord hemisection plus FSC transplant plus pedicled paraspinal muscle(Group D); spinal cord hemisection plus FSC transplant plus pedicled omentum (Group E). Combined behavioral scores(CBS), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), motor evoked potentials(MEP) were examined to evaluate the recovery of neurological function after operation. Rats were sacrificed after 1, 4 and 12 weeks. Nissl stained section was used for neurons quantitative image analysis. The positive cells were quantitative analysis by computer image analysis system. RESULTS: The different methods of FSC tissue transplantation could prevent the neurons atrophy secondary to axon injury of spinal cord in adult rats. The size of neurons were observed in five groups, they were group E gt; group D gt; group C gt; group B gt; group A (P lt; 0.05). Those increases in size of neurons were paralleled with a significant improvement in neurological function recovery. CONCLUSION: It indicates that the different methods of FSC tissue transplantation can maintain the neurons morphology and improve the neurological function of rats.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prognosis of fetal isolated hyper echogenic kidneys (IHEK) on prenatal ultrasound examination. MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, WanFang Data, and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the prognosis of fetal IHEK on prenatal ultrasound examination from January 1990 to January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using R 3.5.2 software. ResultsA total of 9 cross-sectional studies involving 348 fetuses were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence rate of live births was 79% (95%CI 69% to 88%), termination of pregnancy/neonatal mortality (TOP/NND) was 30% (95%CI 15% to 45%), normal kidneys was 34% (95%CI 15% to 53%), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) was 21% (95%CI 12% to 30%), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was 13% (95%CI 5% to 21%), and multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was 4% (95%CI 2% to 7%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognosis of normal amniotic fluid subgroup was significantly superior to that of reduced amniotic fluid subgroup. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with IHEK on prenatal ultrasound examination is high, the prognosis is superior when IHEK with normal amniotic fluid volume, and is worse when with small amniotic fluid volume. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.
In the extraction of fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, due to the unicity of the scale of the U-Net same-level convolution encoder, the size and shape difference of the ECG characteristic wave between mother and fetus are ignored, and the time information of ECG signals is not used in the threshold learning process of the encoder’s residual shrinkage module. In this paper, a method of extracting fetal ECG signal based on multi-scale residual shrinkage U-Net model is proposed. First, the Inception and time domain attention were introduced into the residual shrinkage module to enhance the multi-scale feature extraction ability of the same level convolution encoder and the utilization of the time domain information of fetal ECG signal. In order to maintain more local details of ECG waveform, the maximum pooling in U-Net was replaced by Softpool. Finally, the decoder composed of the residual module and up-sampling gradually generated fetal ECG signals. In this paper, clinical ECG signals were used for experiments. The final results showed that compared with other fetal ECG extraction algorithms, the method proposed in this paper could extract clearer fetal ECG signals. The sensitivity, positive predictive value, and F1 scores in the 2013 competition data set reached 93.33%, 99.36%, and 96.09%, respectively, indicating that this method can effectively extract fetal ECG signals and has certain application values for perinatal fetal health monitoring.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential possibility of synaptic connection and 3D adhesion between fetal spinal cord cell suspension (FSCS) and host, and to observe the synapses developing process of FSCS transplantation. METHODS: Spinal cord injury model produced in 42 Wistar rats on T7 by use of modified Allen’s impact method (10 g x 5 cm); 3 days after injury, 20 microliters FSCS with a density of 1 x 10(5)/microliter prepared from E14 rat were injected into the epicenter of the traumatized cavity. Animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of transplantation, the graft survival, its differentiation and integration with the host were observed by light and electronmicroscopic study as well as immunohistochemical assay (NF, GFAP, CGRP, 5-HT). RESULTS: In the transplantation area, the neuroblasts stretched out the terminal endings 4 weeks after implantation, followed by the presenting of the pre- and postsynaptic membrane. After 8 weeks, the dense or developed projections were observed in the pre- and postsynaptic membrane; the synaptic cleft filled with the high electron dense substance. All the spherical clear vesicles, granular vesicles, elliptical vesicles and flattened-f type vesicles were seen under the electronmicroscope. After 10 weeks, the axosomatic, dendrosomatic, dendro-dendritic, axo-axonic, dendro-axonic synapses coexisted. Light microscopy showed that the graft cell grew gradually. Immunohistochemical assay showed that NF, 5-HT, CGRP and GFAP positive fibers were in the graft. Synapses, gliafibers and blood brain barrier integrated each other. CONCLUSION: (1) The transplanted FSCS can develop mature synapses with miscellaneous synaptic vesicles in the acute injured spinal cord, host injury cavity wall may induce the FSCS into 3D adhesion. (2) Co-existence of different type of synapse and the immunohistochemistry findings indicate the possibility of synaptic connection between FSCS and host.
Objective To investigate the possibility of culturing human oral keratinocyte using autologous serum in order to provide theoretical and technical foundation for clinical application of tissue engineering oral mucosa epithelium.Methods The human oral keratinocytes were cultured by the medium containing different concentrations of autologous serum(10%,20%,30%)and fetalbovine serum (10%), respectively. The growth conditions for the cell and the mucosa epithelium in the groups were observed, the cell growth curves were drawn, and the population doubling time (PDT) was counted. Results The results showed that the human oral keratinocyte could proliferate well in the medium containing autologous serum or fetal bovine serum. The differences in the 24hour clone rate and PDT were not significant. Both the area and the thickness of the cultured oral epithelium increased with the increase of the autologous serum concentration, and the difference between autologous serum and fetal bovine serum was significant, especially with the medium containing 20% autologous serum( P＜0.05) . The human nature of the cultured epithelium was demonstrated by the immunofluorescent mouse anti-HLA antigen. Conclusion The autologous serum can replace the fetal bovine serum to culture the oral keratinocyte well, and the cultured oral mucosa epithelium can be better differentiated in the autologous serum than in the fetal bovine serum.
Fetal nerve grafts preserved at deep breezing were used to repair the peripheral nerve defects. The nerve directs included the sural nerves (removed as the donor nerve in repairing other nerve defects) in 5 cases, and digital nerve in 2 cases. All of them got good sensitive function. Patients were followed up for 1 yeas, all patients had gained comparatively good sensation. The surgical technique was introduced, and the validity of the transplantation of fetal nerve was discussed.
Objective To explore the change tendency of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in fetal rat cerebral cortex neurons cultured in vitro after hypoxia-ischemia reperfusion andto investigate their mutual relationship. Methods Cortical neurons obtained from cerebral cortex of 15 pregnant SD rats at16-18 days of gestation underwent primary culture. The primary neurons 5 days after culture were adopted to establ ish model of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). The experiment was divided into 4 groups: the experimental group 1, culture medium was changed to neuron complete medium containing glucose after the preparation of OGD model to form reperfusion, and the neurons were observed 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after reperfusion; the control group 1, the neurons were treated with normal medium; the experimental group 2, the neurons were pretreated with U0126 followed by the preparation of OGD model, and the neurons were observed 4 and 8 hours after reperfusion; the control group 2, the neurons were pretreated with DMSO, and other treatments were the same as the experimental group 2. Expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF protein, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were detected by Western blot. Expression and distribution of p-ERK1/2 and HIF-1α protein were detected by SABC immunocytochemistry method. Results Compl icated synaptic connections between cortical neurons processes were observed 5 days after culture. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were increased gradually, peaked at 8 hours, and decreased gradually after 12 hours in the experimental group 1, and there were significant differences between the experimental group 1 and the control group 1 (P lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental group 1 and the control group 1 in terms of ERK1/2 protein expression (P gt; 0.05). The p-ERK1/2 protein expression in the experimental group 1 started to increase at 2 hours peaked at 4 hours, and started to decrease at 8 hours, showing significant differences compared with the control group 1 (P lt; 0.01). In the experimental group 2, the p-ERK1/2 protein decreased, and HIF-1αand VEGF protein expression subsequentlydecreased, showing significant differences compared with the control group 2 (P lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental group 2 and the control group 2 in terms of ERK1/2 protein expression at each time point (P gt; 0.05). Immunocytochemistry staining showed that p-ERK1/2 and HIF-1α expression decreased, and the yellow-brown staining of the neurons was reduced. Conclusion Expressions of HIF-1α and its target-gene VEGF protein in the cortex neurons after OGD reperfusion are time-dependent. Their expressions decrease when ERK1/2 signal ing pathway is inhibited, indicating the pathway plays an important role in the regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF induced by OGD of cortical neurons
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical results used fetal bone repairing the defect after osteoma resection. METHODS In 8 hours after abortion, the fetal bones of four limbs were cut and kept in the normal saline with gentamycin. Then the graft was storaged under 6 degrees C-8 degrees C and the longest storage time was 48 hours. Since 1990, seven cases of osteoma had been cured with fetal bone graft. Among them, there were 5 males and 2 females, aged from 6 to 38 years, the bone defect volume ranged from 5.5 cm x 3.6 cm x 2.5 cm to 9.0 cm x 4.3 cm x 3.2 cm. During operation, the osteoma was resected radically, then the defected cavity was impacted with prepared fetal bone. RESULTS After operation, the general condition was good, all the incision wound healed primarily. Sixteen weeks after operation, the defected cavity was repaired completely and the medullary cavity reopened. Follow-up for 8 months to 5 years, no recurrence or side-effect were observed. CONCLUSION Because of the more rapid expansion and replacement effect, the ber osteoinduction, and the lower immune response, the fetal bone is practical material for repairing the bone defect in osteoma resection.
ObjectiveTo establish the Z-score reference ranges of fetal arterial ductus (DA) inner diameter of normal fetus at 20 to 40 weeks’ gestation.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 781 normal singleton pregnancies with 20-40 weeks of gestation who underwent fetal echocardiography in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from November 2018 to September 2019. The DA diameter, biparietal diameter (BPD), and femoral diaphysis length (FL) were measured and used to estimate gestational age (GA). With BPD, FL, and GA as independent variables and DA as dependent variables, linear regression analyses were conducted on the mean and standard deviation of each parameter to construct the best Z-score models.ResultsThe linear regression equations reflected strong positive correlations between the fetal biological growth parameter BPD, FL, GA, and fetal DA inner diameter. The heteroscedasticity of standard deviations was eliminated by the weighted regression of absolute stagger, and the best Z-score models were constructed. The linear regression equations of GA (week), BPD (mm), FL (mm), and DA inner diameter (mm) were as follows: Y=−2.661+0.217×GA, Y=−2.505+0.084×BPD, Y=−1.734+0.100×FL; the linear regression equations of GA (week), BPD (mm), FL (mm), and the standard deviation of DA inner diameter (mm) were as follows:Y=−0.273+0.025×GA, Y=−0.440+0.013×BPD, Y=−0.180+0.012×FL. According to the models, Z-score normal range reference values of fetal DA inner diameter were calculated.ConclusionsThere are good linear relationships between fetal DA inner diameter and GA, BPD and FL. The Z-score reference ranges of fetal DA diameter during mid- and late-pregnancy are constructed, which are helpful to quantitatively evaluate the normal development of fetal DA and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis of fetal DA abnormality.